Articles tagged with Decision Making
A new study by Virginia Tech researchers Jin Xu and Pengfei Ye finds that value-based stock grants can weaken executive motivation and limit corporate growth. The study analyzed thousands of U.S. firms from 2006-22, revealing that companies tying CEO compensation to a fixed dollar amount can unintentionally discourage executives from m...
Researchers found that participants took more risks when interacting with avatars displaying facial expressions compared to real human faces. The study suggests that the amygdala plays a key role in driving increased risk-taking behavior in avatar-mediated communication.
Researchers found that the brain's visual system adapts in real-time to make sense of information, depending on current tasks. This challenges traditional views and opens new approaches for designing AI systems with adaptive capabilities.
A leadership trap known as the 'accidental dictator' can be avoided by embracing circumscribed empowerment, shared vision, and long-term perspective. Leaders must empower their team members within defined boundaries, engage them in the process of creating a shared vision, and prioritize a long-term perspective to build effective teams.
A new study by Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg found that brain stimulation can influence decisions, making choices faster with anodal stimulation and slower with cathodal stimulation. The research used transcranial direct current stimulation to activate or inhibit specific brain regions.
A Lehigh University researcher is developing a new platform to enhance flu forecasting through a human judgment temporal forecast system, which aims to improve evidence-based public health decision making. The system will collect unbiased opinions and forecasts from public health experts and the general public.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland explores the role of intuition in regenerative farmers' decision-making processes. Farmers perceive intuition as a reliable and future-oriented 'personal assistant', leading to better outcomes in farming practices.
A new study found that more 'optimistic' medical detection dogs performed better overall on detection tasks, while 'pessimistic' dogs had higher scent detection specificity. The researchers suggest that judgment bias testing could be a screening tool for potential detection dogs.
A study found that brain activity can predict a person's political affiliation with 80% accuracy when making food purchases. Researchers used fMRI to measure brain activity in Republicans and Democrats, finding distinct neural patterns for each group.
The DAM-Decision and Memory group at Universitat Jaume I studied the cognitive and neural computations that guide decision-making and long-term memory. They found that the hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortex regions use context boundaries to make decisions in both spatial and abstract contexts.
A new UNLV study reveals that CEOs' use of language and format in communicating future plans can shape investor judgments. Written messages are more effective in conveying likelihood, whereas video or audio diminishes the impact.
Researchers found that emotional social media posts increase short-term willingness to pay for sustainable chocolate, but this effect diminishes within two weeks. The study suggests that emotional content can be an effective way to promote sustainable consumption in the short term.
A longitudinal study found that neural changes in teenagers' brain networks for reward processing and executive functioning improve with age. The researchers discovered changes in the strength of communication between brain regions as people aged, associated with improved reward-related decision-making and executive function.
Researchers have developed a novel technique to overcome the spurious correlations problem in AI by eliminating a small portion of the training data that contains hard-to-understand features. This approach improves performance even when conventional techniques are ineffective.
Researchers have identified three cell types in the median raphe nucleus that control decisions on perseverance, exploration, and disengagement. These findings may help understand neuropsychiatric conditions such as OCD, autism, and major depressive disorder.
A study published in Biological Psychiatry found that anxiety and apathy lead to different patterns in how people process uncertainty and make decisions. Participants made choices between exploring new options or sticking with familiar ones, revealing distinct computational mechanisms underlying these behaviors.
A study found that long-term cocaine use increases impulsivity in healthy rats, contradicting the belief that high impulsivity predicts cocaine use. This contradicts research on impulsive choice and delay-discounting tasks.
A Cornell University study found that people who go against their better judgment feel greater feelings of control and culpalibility, even if they received input from an adviser. This effect may extend beyond small decisions to major life choices.
Researchers discovered that trying to make ourselves happier actually makes us less happy by draining our ability to use self-control and willpower. This 'happiness paradox' is caused by mentally exhausting efforts to regulate thoughts, emotions, and behaviors.
A new study found that combining physical warmups with short bursts of cognitive tasks enhances athletic performance. Researchers discovered a 'Goldilocks effect,' where the right balance between cognitive and physical activities is key to optimal performance.
A new study explores whether pairing food labels with odors affects how people perceive foods and promotes healthy shopping. The researchers found that odor-paired beverages were perceived more positively, suggesting that odors can improve label perception and potentially promote healthy food choices.
John Patrick JP Flores has been selected to receive the AIBS EPPLA award for his leadership skills and science policy work. He will participate in an AIBS training program and meet with lawmakers, highlighting the importance of bridging policy and science.
A new study at the University of Gothenburg found that a software robot can detect side effects faster than physicians during amiodarone treatment for cardiac arrhythmia. The robot also recommends appropriate intervals between lab tests, aligning with standard practices and reducing unnecessary testing.
A new study from the University of South Australia found that most people trust AI in situations where the stakes are low, such as music suggestions. However, those with poor statistical literacy or little familiarity with AI were just as likely to trust algorithms for trivial choices as they were for critical decisions. The study also...
The INSEAD webinar delves into the challenges and opportunities of deploying multi-agent AI systems in large-scale enterprise environments. Experts will discuss balancing automation with strategic control and the potential for companies to operate without human involvement.
A new mathematical model sheds light on how the brain processes different cues during decision making, potentially improving treatment for neurological disorders like Alzheimer's. The latent circuit model proposes a 'low-dimensional' mechanism that explains decision-making in large neural networks.
Researchers developed a one-page medication handout that quantifies a drug's risk and benefits, improving patient understanding and decision-making. The study compared this handout with the FDA's version and found it to be more effective in conveying complex information.
Neuroscientists investigated how the brain implements flexibility in decision-making, revealing that it either reuses known neural pathways or develops new patterns. The findings help understand why some adaptations are more difficult than others, especially in social interactions and motor tasks.
A rodent study identified a disrupted brain circuit that contributes to poor decision-making in adulthood after prenatal alcohol exposure. The study also developed an algorithm to predict whether rats were exposed to alcohol based on their behavior alone.
A new study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory researchers explains how the brain updates associations between smells and sounds based on context. The findings suggest that a feedback loop between the olfactory cortex and olfactory bulb enables fast adaptation, allowing animals to fine-tune their motor responses accordingly.
A new meta-analysis of over 249 studies and 251,713 US teens finds that knowledge about safer sex is not enough to promote condom use. The study highlights the importance of confidence, planning, and effective communication with partners in encouraging condom use among teens.
A machine learning algorithm developed by researchers at the University of Texas at Austin can assess experts' decision-making quality, including doctors. This innovation has the potential to improve patient outcomes and lower costs by selecting doctors based on their accurate diagnosis rates.
A recent study has explored a new imaging approach that uses swept-source optical coherence tomography to visualize the upper airway with high precision. By integrating computational fluid dynamics, researchers were able to identify areas of turbulence and pinpoint obstruction sites, leading to more accurate diagnoses and treatment pla...
A new study found that emergency department physicians differ in their likelihood of hospitalizing patients, with those who admit more patients being discharged sooner but not less likely to die. The study suggests that differences in physician decision-making drive these variations, rather than patient health.
A study of 9,000 US-based participants reveals that they prioritize efficiency over fairness when choosing between human and algorithmic decision-makers. Notably, Republicans prefer humans more than Democrats, yet most claim fairness is a top priority.
Researchers from Bar-Ilan University discover that classifying objects together through Multi-Label Classification can yield better results than detecting individual objects. This new method allows networks to learn correlations between object combinations, making them more recognizable in real-life applications such as autonomous vehi...
A study by SWPS University researchers challenges prevailing myths about older adults' decision-making abilities. Older adults demonstrate an inherent ability to resist manipulation effectively and make complex decisions as younger people, contrary to previous studies suggesting they are risk-averse.
The study found that critical states in animal groups consist of heterogeneous structures, with role sharing among individuals being crucial for optimized decision-making. The distribution of criticality was nonuniform within the group, but averaging confirmed traditional criticality status.
A cross-sectional study found that including race in disease risk models improves prediction accuracy, but the clinical net benefit is smaller than expected. The researchers provide a widely adaptable framework for deciding whether to include or exclude race from disease risk predictions.
Researchers found a pattern in how people interpret new information, overreacting to weak signals and underreacting to strong ones. This bias holds true across various settings, including financial markets, according to a study analyzing millions of betting transactions and prices on options contracts.
A recent study from Stanford University reveals that dopamine and serotonin work together, but also in opposition, to shape behavior. Researchers found that dopamine signals increase with reward prediction while serotonin signals decrease, but only when both systems are active can animals learn to link cues with rewards.
Researchers found that bypassing misinformation, by providing accurate information with positive implications, can be superior to correction in situations where people form beliefs rather than attitudes. This approach has potential for informing strategies to combat misinformation and change behavior. The study suggests a more nuanced ...
A new study from Kessler Foundation scientists examines the determinants of feedback-seeking behavior and its impact on learning. The findings suggest that low confidence in task performance significantly motivates individuals to seek corrective feedback, which enhances learning outcomes.
A new law change proposal aims to provide families of missing persons with an opportunity for closure through burial, rather than cremation. The proposal, backed by expert research, would require DNA sampling before burial to confirm identity and enable family members to make decisions about the body.
A new study by the University of Exeter found that public participation is key to enhancing urban living conditions and environmental decision-making in China. The research suggests that smaller local projects tend to have higher levels of public engagement, while larger initiatives often experience minimal involvement.
A new study from UT Arlington found that setting reminders can significantly reduce age-related declines in memory, particularly in prospective memory. The study suggests that reminders help counteract cognitive strain by making memory retrieval less reliant on internal processes.
Researchers at MIT have discovered additional brain pathways that modulate dopamine release, influencing movement and emotional decisions. The newly identified pathways appear to relay emotional information that helps shape motivation to take action.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that people are more likely to assume unknown bystanders are enemy combatants than civilians, leading to a higher acceptance of collateral damage. The research suggests that this bias can result in civilian deaths and highlights the need for decision-makers to carefully evaluate their targets.
Researchers have found that integrating machine learning with statistical methods improves disease risk prediction model accuracy. The study highlights the potential of such integrated models in clinical diagnosis and screening practices, which could lead to better patient outcomes.
Researchers found that fungi can communicate information throughout their network and adjust growth patterns based on shape. The mycelial network demonstrated pattern recognition abilities, suggesting a form of cognition that is both fascinating and unexplored in the fungal kingdom.
Researchers identify 'illusion of information adequacy' bias, where people assume their knowledge is sufficient for decision-making. This bias can lead to poor recommendations and misunderstandings in personal and professional life.
A new study found that people naturally assume they have all the necessary information to make a decision or support their position, even when they don't. Researchers call this phenomenon the 'illusion of information adequacy,' which leads people to be more confident in their decisions despite lacking full knowledge.
A new study reveals that climate experts believe the Earth is headed for a rise in global temperatures far higher than the 2015 Paris Agreement targets. Two-thirds of respondents think we may succeed in achieving net zero CO2 emissions during the second half of this century, indicating some optimism about mitigation efforts.
A multi-center phase III trial found photon- and proton-based radiation therapies to be similarly safe and effective in treating low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer. Patients treated with either IMRT or proton therapy reported no significant differences in quality of life, tumor control, or progression-free survival.
Researchers identified the external globus pallidus as responsible for impaired decision-making in mice with Parkinson's disease treated with pramipexole. Hyperactivation of this region was linked to poor risk-taking behavior and reduced effectiveness of treatments.
Patients with low-risk cancers undergoing active surveillance experience anxiety caused by uncertainty, a problem that persists even after diagnosis, leading to negative responses such as fear and avoidance of decision-making. Medical interventions are needed to address this anxiety and improve patient-centered care.
A study reveals discrepancies between preferred and actual sources of contraceptive information among adolescents and young adults. Clinicians are the most commonly preferred source, yet they also pose the largest discrepancy between preference and use. This highlights the importance of clinicians in supporting informed contraceptive d...
Researchers found that sustained neck exertions alter the cervical spine's curvature, leading to muscle fatigue and increased risk of neck pain. The study provides new insights into the mechanical changes that occur in the spine and muscles when performing repetitive tasks.
A worldwide survey by Goethe University Frankfurt found that students in environmental studies are unaware of the main causes of biodiversity loss. The study identified eight response types with varying levels of understanding, with climate change being underestimated in many countries. The researchers suggest that this lack of knowled...
New evidence suggests masks can reduce transmission, but behaviors like avoiding crowds also play a role. Experts emphasize the need for multi-measure approaches to public health.