Research on how people make decisions. Covers workplace food choices, medication risk trade-offs, and treatment selection in mental health.
Researchers at UCSF used an AI model to analyze clinical notes and determine patient urgency, achieving an accuracy rate of 89% and surpassing human physician performance in 88% of cases. The study suggests AI could help alleviate ED overcrowding by providing backup decision-making tools for clinicians.
A study by Georgia State University found that people rate AI responses as more virtuous and intelligent than human responses on moral issues. The AI system, ChatGPT, was able to fool participants into believing its responses were better, highlighting the need for a deeper understanding of AI's role in society.
Researchers have analyzed over a thousand images of snow to study its optical properties. The findings show promise in improving avalanche safety and autonomous car technology, but more data is needed.
Researchers found that highly skilled soccer players exhibit faster reaction times and lower variability when faced with decision-making tasks. The study suggests that strong inhibitory processes play a crucial role in facilitating quick decisions on the field.
The report presents gained knowledge from stakeholders and parties on challenges in Greenland marine research and insights for developing East Greenland environments. The seminar and workshop emphasized the need for forward-looking approaches to inform decision-makers.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University developed a new AI confidence measure that distinguishes between high- and low-confidence decision making in deep learning architectures. This breakthrough enables the creation of safer and more reliable autonomous vehicles by prioritizing human intervention when confidence levels are lower.
Young breast cancer survivors without germline pathogenic variants are at lower risk for developing a second primary breast cancer within the first decade after diagnosis. This study informs treatment decision-making and follow-up care considerations in this population.
Lehigh University researcher A. Emrah Bayrak explores best practices for human-AI collaboration in complex design tasks, aiming to maximize productivity and job satisfaction. His project uses models that predict human decision-making and combines it with AI's training data analysis to determine strategies for division of labor.
A new study published in Nature Communications found that people tend to prefer shorter-term options when presented with the delay first, but choose longer-term options when presented with the reward first. By focusing on the benefits of waiting, individuals can improve their self-control and make better long-term choices.
Scientists find a mismatch between research-driven approaches to seed provenancing and practical implementation challenges faced by restoration ecologists. Stakeholder survey results highlight the need for decision support frameworks that integrate science, practice, and stakeholder involvement.
Dr. Chana Sacks is the new Editor-in-Chief of NEJM Evidence, focusing on providing high-quality, practice-changing evidence for medical professionals. The journal aims to change how medical professionals think about generating evidence while making clinical learning engaging and fun.
A study published in JAMA found that Black candidates have lower heart offer acceptance rates compared to white candidates of the same gender, while women have higher acceptance rates than men. These disparities persist after adjusting for various factors, highlighting the need for further investigation into site-level decision-making.
Primary care physicians struggle to balance harms and benefits of lung cancer screening in patients with multiple health issues, often relying on clinical judgment. Ultimately, the decision rests with the patient, who makes their own choice despite physician advice.
The study found that people prefer investments with frequent returns, rather than low-probability high returns, due to the 'frequent winner effect'. This phenomenon affects decision-making in the face of uncertainty and is influenced by how people find information about stocks.
A new study published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A reveals that Supreme Court decisions are significantly shaped by interactions within the court. The researchers found that justices' decisions result from a complex process of negotiation and influence, rather than personal views or ideological leanings.
Researchers deciphered a novel process helping viruses choose to be nasty or friendly to their host bacteria. Phages use the bacterial immune system to make decisions, activating violent mode when necessary.
A study published in Scientific Reports found that people who respond to estimations are more likely to be influenced by their previous answers, a phenomenon known as serial dependence. This could aid research into how information presentation affects human understanding.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University discovered that each filter recognizes small clusters of images, with sharpened recognition as layers progress. This breakthrough can improve AI performance by reducing latency and memory usage while maintaining accuracy.
The Hastings Center's new special report reviews options for supporting better lives of people facing dementia. The report analyzes care inequities and recommends policy changes to reduce financial hardships and social isolation associated with the diagnosis. It also explores emerging topics in health law and healthcare practice.
A team at Zhejiang University has developed a self-driving cloaked unmanned drone with an intelligent aeroamphibious invisibility cloak, capable of manipulating electromagnetic scattering in real-time across dynamic environments. The cloak integrates perception, decision-making, and execution functionalities using spatiotemporal modula...
A new study found that NC prosecutors believe DIH laws reduce overdoses and illicit drug distribution, but this is contradicted by evidence. The number of DIH prosecutions does not correlate with community-level variables like overdose rates.
Neuroscientists used wireless recording technology to investigate decision-making in rhesus monkeys foraging for food. The results show that monkeys learned to weigh time and past success when choosing between boxes, with longer wait times leading to more rewards.
A new study from Drexel University's Creativity Research Lab reveals that the creative flow state involves two key factors: extensive experience and release of control. High-experience musicians experienced flow more often and intensely than low-experience musicians, suggesting expertise enables flow.
A comprehensive study found pulse oximeters significantly overestimated oxygen saturation readings in individuals with darker skin tones. This could lead to missed treatments and incorrect diagnoses, as devices may not accurately reflect critical oxygen levels.
Explainable AI methods have been developed to make audio models more interpretable and transparent. Researchers categorize existing audio XAI methods into two groups: general methods and audio-specific methods, offering new possibilities for improving the trustworthiness of AI decision-making in audio tasks.
Scientists develop a new mathematical principle to understand cooperation among individuals with different characteristics. Their model suggests that a more equal distribution of resources is necessary for diversities to sustain cooperation, but not for maximum general welfare.
Nearly 90 participants from various sectors attended the workshop to collaborate on ecosystem service assessment results for private and public decision-making. The event highlighted key updates and challenges of the SELINA Demonstration Projects, showcasing progress toward supporting informed decision-making.
A study by the Universities of Göttingen and Bonn found that reducing effort required to opt out of nudged options and increasing transparency of the nudge significantly improved public support for these interventions. The perception of upholding free choice and effectiveness were key drivers of acceptance.
The Arctic Landscape EXplorer (ALEX) provides spatially explicit information on recent or ongoing thaw and erosion in the Arctic. ALEX contains data on satellite-derived trends in land surface changes at 30m resolution, offering insights into permafrost stability and its impact on infrastructure and communities.
A machine learning study of 22,000 surgical cases found that models can inform individual prognosis and aid in decision-making to reduce ineffective spine care. The findings suggest that these models may improve outcomes for patients undergoing lumbar disc herniation surgery.
Researchers discovered the brain uses a process called temporal scaling to adjust processing of time, allowing for flexibility in behavior. This finding may have implications for understanding how our brains enable us to interact with the world.
Patricia Saputo donates $5 million to University of Ottawa's Telfer School of Management for a new endowed chair in family enterprise, aiming to develop best practices and empower next-generation families. The gift will support long-term research projects and training programs to navigate generational transitions and market changes.
Researchers found that prompting people to consider their long-term impact inspires them to allocate more wealth to collective causes like charities. This phenomenon, dubbed the 'Andrew Carnegie Effect', has significant societal benefits. Future research will track participants over time to determine its lasting impact.
Children from diverse cultures can anticipate food choices made by others based on their preferences, a uniquely human trait. In contrast, non-human great apes lack this ability, suggesting a cross-cultural robustness of childhood theory of mind in humans.
Researchers from Bar-Ilan University discover a possible mechanism underlying the brain's efficient shallow learning, enabling it to perform complex classification tasks with similar accuracy as deep learning. The study proposes a wider and higher architecture as a complementary mechanism to deep architectures.
A study found that patients with breast cancer are more likely to choose distant hospitals for surgery based on factors such as age, ethnicity, and living location. The investigation highlights the potential for healthcare inequalities to worsen if policies do not address these disparities.
A new study identifies the distinct neural circuits responsible for balancing risk vs. reward-return decision-making in primates using optogenetics. The ventral part of Brodmann area 6V is found to be crucial for high-risk, high-reward choice behavior.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine found that mailing signed orders to patients with cirrhosis led to a significant increase in liver cancer screenings. The study involved over 500 patients and showed that 55% completed their screening within six months, compared to just 27% in the control group.
Researchers at NTU Singapore found that indoor air quality can affect creativity, with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from products like detergents and perfumes affecting participants' ability to build 3D models. By reducing TVOC levels by 72%, creative potential can be improved by 12%.
Researchers have developed a new web-based software platform called Wildfire Safe Egress (WISE) that allows emergency planners to design custom-made evacuation plans. The tool uses data on demographics and road networks to simulate wildfire scenarios and calculate safe evacuation probabilities. By analyzing the Camp Fire disaster, rese...
Research by Staffordshire University found that caffeine can improve short pass accuracy but negatively affect decision-making and long pass accuracy. The study suggests that coaches may need to adjust training strategies to account for caffeine's effects on young soccer players.
Researchers found that a large language model chatbot demonstrated more accuracy in making diagnoses than human clinicians, especially when test results were negative. This suggests the potential for AI to serve as a useful diagnostic partner for physicians, reducing overtreatment and improving decision-making.
A new study from the University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences examines how Illinois corn and soybean producers make marketing decisions. The research found that farms with lower financial positions tend to store more grain, while bigger and older farms have lower storage costs.
A team of researchers at North Carolina State University has developed a new experiment to better understand human moral judgments in traffic scenarios. The study aims to collect data for training autonomous vehicles to make
A study from the University of Ottawa found that sleep deprivation significantly impacts decision-making processes, reducing neural responses to winning and losing outcomes. This can lead to diminished positive emotions in response to winning and negative emotions when faced with losses.
A study of 278,000 individuals in Sweden found that longer cumulative duration of ADHD medication use was associated with an increased risk of hypertension and arterial disease. Clinicians should regularly monitor cardiovascular signs and symptoms during long-term treatment.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that individuals with higher cognitive ability were more likely to vote Remain in the 2016 Brexit referendum. Additionally, people whose spouses had higher cognitive ability were also more likely to cast their ballots for Remain.
A new study found that anti-bias training significantly improved police performance scores and reduced discrimination-based complaints. Officers who received the training had a small but significant increase in performance scores and a 50% reduction in complaints compared to those who did not receive training.
Researchers at Rice University are developing a machine learning framework to improve decision-making processes in military communication networks. The goal is to enable rapid, adaptive action across a broad range of scenarios by combining local data in the most effective manner.
The American Gastroenterological Association released a new guideline recommending the use of biomarkers to help manage Crohn’s disease. Biomarkers such as C-reactive protein and fecal calprotectin can measure levels of inflammation, helping doctors assess disease activity and guide treatment decisions.
Researchers at University College London found that a hunger hormone produced in the gut directly impacts activity of the brain's hippocampus when considering food. The study showed that ghrelin receptors play a crucial role in controlling an animal's instinct to eat, with implications for understanding eating disorders and human health.
Researchers have developed a handheld device called MicroNIR that can accurately identify and quantify suspected drug specimens. The device has been shown to be highly accurate, correctly predicting the identity of suspected drugs over 95% of the time.
A Northwestern University study identified a brain pathway that responds to rapid thermal change in fruit flies, priming behavior for escape. The researchers found that flies react more quickly to rapid heat changes than slow ones, and that this reaction is mediated by a specific circuit in the fly brain.
Maintenance immunosuppressive drugs linked to increased COVID-19 hospitalization risk in solid organ transplant patients. Clinicians treating transplant recipients should consider these findings for epidemic-related decisions.
A study by University of Nebraska-Lincoln researchers found that crowdfunding platforms create a sense of democracy, but backers often come from similar groups and give to projects they find cool. This limits the democratizing potential of crowdfunding.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies found 10 predictors of opioid overdose after prescription for chronic pain, including high-dose opioids, fentanyl prescription, and history of overdose. The risk of fatal and nonfatal overdose increased two- to six-fold with these factors.
Academics warn that the UK's Nationality and Borders Act will have a disproportionate impact on sexually diverse asylum claimants due to lack of clear assessments. The reform may result in inaccurate decisions being made, potentially limiting the ability of many claimants to rely on refugee protection.
A recent study found that a reimagined financial content structure improved consumer appreciation, particularly with clarity, organization and formatting. The new structure incorporated language improvements, explanatory videos, and hyperlinks, leading to higher levels of consumer appreciation compared to the existing structure.
The second SELINA thematic workshop brought together over 100 participants from 27 EU member states and beyond to discuss project progress, policy needs, and potential solutions. Keynote speakers shared insights on ecosystem service accounts and corporate sustainability reporting.
Researchers analyzed 249,000 emergency department visits and found that patients of color received lower acute scores despite similar workups. Clinical decision support systems may help reduce these disparities, but require careful calibration to avoid bias.