Articles tagged with Decision Making
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A study using fMRI scans found that people prioritize equity over efficiency in allocating donations, with the brain responding differently to both. The insula region was activated by changes in equity, while the putamen responded to efficiency, with the caudate integrating both factors after a decision was made.
A study explores the causes of diagnostic errors in medicine, revealing that overconfidence and complacency are major contributing factors. The research suggests developing systems to provide physicians with better feedback on their own errors can help reduce misdiagnoses.
A study by UC Irvine researchers found that a majority of participants did not realize their treatment preferences had changed over time, leading to false memories. The study highlights the need for ongoing dialogue among individuals, families, and physicians about end-of-life treatment options.
Researchers developed a graphical language, VCM, to convey medical knowledge and reduce prescribing errors. The system uses iconic signs akin to road signs to build simple sentences conveying information on drug properties.
Research at University of Cambridge reveals high morning testosterone levels increase City traders' profits for the rest of the day. Testosterone is found to boost confidence and appetite for risk, leading to a positive-feedback loop that can be detrimental if excessive.
A study by University of Kentucky researchers found that targeted mass media campaigns can be successful alone in convincing young adults to adopt safer sex practices. The campaign effectively increased condom use and intentions to use condoms, resulting in a significant reduction in unprotected sex occasions.
Researchers found that erotic images stimulated a positive emotional response, increasing activation in the nucleus accumbens and leading to bigger financial risks. The study's findings have implications for effective emotional appeals in various fields, including finance and marketing.
The study reveals that the switch is bistable, maintaining its on state even without external signals, and provides clues for novel drug targets for cancer and other diseases. The findings have implications for understanding cell fate decisions and the process of cell death.
A study by Case Western Reserve University psychologist found that skills play a significant role in winning at poker, rather than luck. The research involved college students playing multiple rounds of Turbo Texas Hold'em, with those given strategies performing better and improving their games.
A study by Ritesh Saini and Ashwani Monga found that consumers use heuristics to make decisions when spending time, rather than money. This approach leads to differences in decision-making, with a greater reliance on intuitive judgments.
A genetic circuit in HIV controls whether it turns on or stays dormant. Researchers have discovered how this circuit works and can be used to force the virus into dormancy. This finding has shown promise as an avenue for HIV therapy.
The Swiss Systems Biology Initiative has announced eight Flagship Projects involving 79 research groups from 11 universities and institutions. The projects focus on basic biological questions, including lipid roles in cells and decision-making mechanisms in the brain. Funding for these initiatives will be at least CHF90 million.
A review of published literature on women's expectations and experience of pain and pain relief in labour reveals a gap between expectations and reality. Most women underestimate the intensity of pain they will experience and may not be prepared for the possibility that they might need pain relief.
Researchers found that using a blood test and decision algorithm to determine antibiotic therapy duration in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock can reduce treatment time by up to 6 days. This approach also resulted in shorter ICU stays, averaging three days less for treated patients.
A study by Thomas Kramer and Lauren Block found that consumers are more disappointed when a supposedly
The American College of Preventive Medicine (ACPM) advises that clinicians provide information on potential benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening to men, especially those with family history or African-American background. Patient-clinician discussion is crucial for informed decision-making about screening.
Researchers Rick Dale and Michael Spivey discovered a cognitive bias where people tend to favor true statements, even in the face of ambiguity. Arm movement data showed participants' bodies moved more towards 'no' responses, indicating a general bias toward assuming statements are true.
Researchers found that consumers experience greater conflict and decision difficulty when choosing between unattractive options, but easier times rejecting them. This suggests that changing the decision task can control the level of difficulty experienced.
Recent research by Natalie Denburg and colleagues found that 35-40% of healthy older adults exhibit poor decision-making abilities, which is associated with increased vulnerability to deceptive advertising. The study suggests that these individuals may experience disproportionate aging of the brain region critical for decision-making.
The use of medications in psychoanalysis is a topic of debate among professionals, with some advocating for cautious approach while others see its potential benefits. The American Psychoanalytic Association hosts a panel discussion to explore the uses of medications in analysis.
Researchers found a 40% decrease in pilot error-related mishaps between 1983-2002, attributed to enhanced training and technology. However, the study also revealed an increase in ground-related mishaps, highlighting areas for further improvement.
Most general surgeons fail to discuss breast reconstruction with breast cancer patients before surgery. Researchers found only 33% of eligible patients had this conversation. Younger, more educated patients were more likely to have the discussion, leading to greater willingness to consider mastectomy.
The new ecosystems approach to fishery regulation requires consideration of various uses of maritime resources and interactions between different sectors. The study highlights the need for interactive decision-making processes to promote versatile use of information about the maritime environment.
A new survey from Michigan Medicine suggests that when women are told their risk of breast cancer is above average, they're more likely to take a hypothetical pill and overestimate its benefits. The study highlights the importance of considering individual risk information when making medical decisions.
Researchers developed a mathematical model predicting optimal growth hormone dose for children with abnormal growth, showing improved predictive accuracy. The model uses data on birth weight, height before and during treatment, and blood hormone levels to determine individual response.
A study of pharmaceutical companies' marketing to physicians shows that doctors are most influenced by brand preference and marketing addressing drug side effects. Marketing efforts and patient requests affect physician decision-making differently across brands.
The Canadian Medical Association Journal highlights divergent capacity and consent laws across provinces, impacting patient care and decision-making. The authors call for a national debate on the issues, advocating for explicit national standards that include family and caregiver involvement.
Researchers found that Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) actually speeds up decision-making in Parkinson's patients, contrary to expectations. The study suggests that DBS affects the brain's ability to deliberate on complicated decisions by interrupting the 'hold-your-horses' signal.
Researchers propose a new approach to treating psychiatric disorders by focusing on an individual's need for internal balance. Studies suggest that decision-making is linked to maintaining homeostatic balance, which can be disrupted in individuals with addictions and psychiatric disorders.
A Princeton University study reveals that quick facial judgments can accurately predict real-world election returns, with a rapid appraisal of two candidates' faces sufficient to predict the winner in about 70 percent of U.S. senator and state governor races in 2006 elections.
Cmdr. Dylan Schmorrow, a pioneer in Augmented Cognition, has received the first Leland S. Kollmorgen Spirit of Innovation Award for his groundbreaking work. He aims to remove technology burdens and enable humans to think more freely, using techniques like brain-computer interfaces.
Research in Medical Decision Making explores how patients select optimal treatments by weighing factors such as health outcomes, side effects, and cost. New approaches and best practices for assessing and conveying risk information are also discussed to improve decision-making processes.
A recent study investigated how judges and jurors make collective decisions, revealing that simple voting procedures are often preferred over more nuanced approaches. The findings suggest that groups tend to favor quick decisions, even if they lead to inconsistent outcomes.
A study published in the Journal of Pediatrics found that parents who feel confident communicating with physicians are more likely to participate in medical decisions. Researchers also discovered that previously hospitalized parents are more involved in decision-making.
A new study by INFORMS found that experts' unaided judgment forecasts are only slightly more accurate than those of newcomers. The study shows that the chances of success for both experts and novices are around 28%, with a difference of less than 4 percentage points.
Assistant Professor Michael Fry and student Andrew Lundberg developed a model to help fantasy football players make informed decisions during drafts. The team's approach uses a combination of player value, available players, and team need to identify the best players to select.
In two experiments, participants over-predicted regret and disappointment after unsuccessful negotiations and receiving grades. The study suggests discounting post-decisional emotions can improve decision-making.
A collaborative learning exercise between land managers and scientists aimed to explore the impacts of long-term temperature changes and precipitation distribution on rangelands. The study found that experiential learning is an effective teaching method for critical thinking, communication skills, and engaging learners.
A landmark nationwide study found that 17% of mother-infant pairs were identified as 'not ready' for postpartum discharge. The study identified several factors, including being a first-time mother, history of chronic disease, and inadequate prenatal care, as contributing to unreadiness.
A new report highlights the need for better toxicity data and private-sector outreach strategies to manage nanowaste. The EPA must conduct outreach to the private sector about how RCRA and CERCLA apply to nanomaterials, while firms and investors must consider emerging liabilities and environmental risks.
Cardiff University's Peter Wells warns that a 'Green Junta' could bring about an authoritarian agenda in the name of sustainability. He argues that consensus among multiple stakeholders is increasingly inadequate to create sustainable societies, and a strong government may be necessary to implement drastic changes.
A new study found that binge drinking is linked to poor decision making among college students, regardless of impulsivity. Long-term neurocognitive effects are unclear, but researchers suggest heavy alcohol use can impact decision-making abilities.
A randomized trial found that brand names significantly impact patient treatment decisions, with 36% changing their choice after seeing the true name. The study suggests that decision aids can help patients navigate complex medical decisions and express their personal values.
A web-based program is being tested to help prostate cancer patients make informed treatment decisions by providing information on different approaches. The program aims to reduce inner conflict and increase patient satisfaction.
Researchers discovered a key role for fictive learning in evaluating behavior, influencing decisions and potential addiction. The study used investment games and fMRI to measure brain responses to 'what could have been' outcomes, revealing a distinct signal in the ventral caudate nucleus.
A study found that reaction time slows down during the night and reaches its lowest point in the early morning, affecting cognitive processing stages. The central-slowing hypothesis suggests that this slowdown contributes to impaired driving performance and increased risk of traffic accidents in the early morning.
A study published in SLEEP found that sleep deprivation can adversely affect decision-making at a gambling table by elevating the expectation of gains and making light of losses. Brain imaging revealed selectively more active anticipation of reward in the nucleus accumbens, while attenuated response to losses in the insula.
The study found that strong extended family ties facilitated evacuation decisions, providing access to transportation and shelter, but also hindered it by creating conflicting opinions about evacuation messages. This highlights the importance of considering social networks in disaster planning for vulnerable communities.
Research suggests that older adults excel in situations where they rely on emotions and past experiences, but struggle when faced with unfamiliar information. The study highlights the importance of tailoring advice to the individual's cognitive abilities.
The American College of Physicians recommends that clinicians assess each woman's breast cancer risk profile before making a decision about screening mammography. Women between 40-49 years old should weigh the potential benefits and harms of screening, discussing their concerns with their doctor to make an informed choice.
A primary care health network in Fort Worth, Texas, took responsibility for 3,700 Hurricane Katrina evacuees, providing medical care for nearly half of them. The network prevented its emergency department from being overwhelmed by creating a triage center and referring evacuees to primary care clinics. The authors reflect on valuable l...
A study by neuroscientists from Harvard, USC, and Caltech finds that damage to the frontal lobe's ventromedial prefrontal cortex leads to abnormal moral choices. The research suggests that emotions play a crucial role in moral judgments, but also leaves intact other moral problem-solving abilities.
Researchers found that red-breasted nuthatches can distinguish between high and low danger threats from the alarm calls of black-capped chickadees. The nuthatches' behavior suggests they learn to interpret the calls through complex social interactions, highlighting their intelligence and adaptability.
A survey of 500 Medicare patients found that physicians served as the main decision-makers one-third of the time, with men and those in worse health more likely to report this. The study highlights the need for further research on patient involvement in surgical decision-making.
Complex health decisions rely on estimates of disease burden from various sources, many of which are marketed by skilled advocates. To inform decision-making, it's essential to assess and interpret these statistics critically.
A new study suggests that shopping lists promote impulsive decisions, as recalling available options consumes mental energy. Consumers tend to opt for lower-priced items when memory-based decisions are involved, whereas higher-priced goods with perceived quality are chosen when options are in sight.
Research suggests that superfluous choices at early stages of purchase can lead to increased customer satisfaction, as consumers perceive greater deliberation and fluency in decision-making. This results in higher repeat business rates and brand loyalty.
Researchers discovered that brain regions involved in spatial attention, planning movements, and decision-making activate simultaneously when preparing for a task. This preparation enables the brain to get a 'running start', leading to quicker responses. The study's findings have implications for understanding real-world tasks like dri...
The podcast series explores the impact of nanotechnology on human health, safety, and the environment. Key stakeholders share their perspectives on the benefits and challenges associated with this emerging technology. The discussion aims to raise awareness and promote informed decision-making about the future of nanotechnology.
New research reveals kids consider multiple factors when deciding who to include in their groups, including social skills, group dynamics, bias, and inclusion/exclusion. Understanding these processes can help address exclusion and promote social justice.