Articles tagged with Gender Studies
A new study suggests that an optimistic outlook may improve lung function in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Optimism was linked to higher lung function and slower rate of decline in lung function compared to pessimistic individuals, even after controlling for smoking.
A new study funded by a $350,000 grant aims to examine how alcohol impairs women's ability to recognize and respond to risk of sexual aggression. The research will provide information on resistance strategies to help women engage in safer dating situations.
Primary care clinicians identified boys with similar parent-reported symptoms more likely, leading to differences in treatment. Boys were more likely to receive medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder problems.
A study of older brother/sister twin pairs found that men and women had similar numbers of illnesses, with the exception of very life-threatening conditions. Women reported more total health problems and physical symptoms, while men had more cardiovascular conditions.
A recent study by University of Toronto professor Cecilia Reynolds found that women are underrepresented in school leadership positions and often face limited opportunities for advancement. Women who do become principals are frequently assigned to challenging schools, perpetuating gender imbalances in the education system.
A recent study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that a boy's height at age 16 is a significant determinant of his salary as an adult. The study controlled for race, gender, and socio-economic status, and found that taller teenagers earned up to 15% more than shorter counterparts in any given field.
Contrary to previous research, a new study by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that U.S. girls hardly surpass U.S. boys in mathematical ability. The study analyzed data from elementary school through high school and found no significant gender differences until late high school, when the gap was only 1.5 percent.
Two studies examine the link between sex hormones and coronary artery spasm, finding that estrogen levels during menstruation affect blood vessel function. Automated external defibrillators are also shown to be safe and easy to use by trained laypersons, paving the way for potential home sales.
Researchers investigated the influence of gender on upper airway structure and function, finding no gender differences in resistance and Pcrit. These findings contradict previous assumptions and suggest a possible explanation for the male predominance of OSA, potentially related to neurochemical control or other factors.
A NASA review highlights known and potential gender differences in physiological responses to spaceflight, including cardiovascular and exercise physiology, barophysiology, and pharmacotherapeutics. The review also addresses reproductive issues such as menstrual function and endometriosis in space.
Researchers at UW-Madison found that female rats have an improved protective reaction to oxygen deprivation, suggesting a role for estrogen in respiratory control. The study suggests that gender hormones may be a factor in the development of obstructive sleep apnea, particularly in women.
A new analysis of 62 studies found that men and women agree on the seriousness of sexual coercion and propositions, but disagree on less extreme behaviors like sex-stereotyped jokes and repeated date requests. The study suggests that gender differences in perceptions of harassment may be influenced by socialization and value systems.
Female mice displayed higher sensitivity to amphetamines before and after puberty, differing from male mice who showed no changes, according to a study published by the American Physiological Society.
Researchers found that men exhibited a decrease in coordination during exercise-induced hypoxia, whereas women showed an increase. Conversely, women had lower ventilatory responses to hypoxia compared to men.
Research by Harriet Hanlon explores how neural networks process language skills in boys and girls, finding differences in brain connectivity that impact reading abilities. The study suggests a balanced approach to language instruction can benefit both sexes.
New research from the University of Pennsylvania suggests that physiology, particularly the vagus nerve, plays a role in gender differences in food choices. Studies found that women exhibited diminished vagally-mediated hormonal and gastric responses to food compared to men, which could explain why women tend to prefer healthier foods.
Researchers investigated how men and women's livers respond differently to chronic ethanol consumption. The study found that female rats' ability to activate protective genes was impaired compared to males, increasing their risk of liver damage when exposed to the same amount of alcohol.
This study reveals sex hormone effects on body fluid regulation and blood pressure, with men showing greater plasma AVP sensitivity to hypertonic saline infusion. This increased sensitivity is associated with higher systolic pressure, pulse pressure, cortisol levels, and sodium retention.
Research reveals women exhibit a greater decrease in arterial pressure during recovery, with reduced cardiac output and lesser increases in vascular resistance. Engaging light activity supports arterial pressure, regardless of gender.
A study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry found significant gender-related differences in the characteristics of male and female gamblers who called a helpline. Female gamblers were more likely to report non-strategic, less interpersonal forms of gambling and receiving mental health treatment.
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison professors finds that juggling work and family roles improves health for single and married women, as well as men. The research also shows that high levels of role satisfaction are associated with low levels of depression and anxiety.
Researchers found that current marriage conditions, including weekly work hours and household responsibilities, have a greater impact on marital satisfaction than spouses' past relationships. The study also revealed significant gender differences in how these factors affect marital quality.
Patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease experienced reduced hospital stays, quicker return to regular diets, and lower narcotics use compared to open procedures. The study also found significant cost savings of nearly $3,400.
A new study published in the Journal of Behavioral Neuroscience found that extraverts show greater brain reactivity to positive images compared to introverts. The researchers used fMRI to measure brain responses to negative and positive images, and found associations between personality traits and neural activity in response to emotion...
Researchers found that women hospitalized for heart disease can benefit from nurse-managed relapse prevention programs, which teach coping strategies and provide social support. The programs have been shown to be feasible and well-accepted by both patients and healthcare providers.
A Johns Hopkins study found that one-third of Korean Americans have high blood pressure, with almost 75% not controlling it. The prevalence is 32%, much higher than the American rate of 24% and Korean rate of 22%. English-speaking ability directly impacts hypertension control among Korean Americans.
A study by University of Toronto professor Shelley Peterson found that students perceive male authors as more competent if their stories are descriptive and well-written, while female authors are viewed as more capable if they write about relationships or emotional themes. This perceived incompetence can have long-term implications on ...
A study in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research examines gender-specific reasons for treatment retention in private substance abuse treatment programs. Women's staying power is linked to being unemployed, married, and having higher incomes, while men's staying power is related to receiving employer pressure and having a goal to...
A study of 1,277 elderly people found no correlation between left-handedness and mortality rate. Instead, factors such as pressure to switch hands, gender differences, and adaptation to a right-hand world influenced the prevalence of left-handedness among older adults.
A study by the University of Pittsburgh found that female physicians in Pennsylvania earn significantly less than their male counterparts, with women earning 14% less per hour. Despite accounting for demographics and training, women are more likely to be in low-paying specialties and take time off due to child care.
A study of 286 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease found that treatment response to Aricept was not predicted by ApoE4 genotype or gender. Patients treated with Aricept showed significant improvements in global function and cognition, while those on placebo experienced decline.
Researchers found that women are less likely to receive early treatment following a heart attack, including aspirin and thrombolytic therapy. Despite this, there is no apparent effect on 30-day mortality rates when accounting for severity of illness and other factors.
A new study found that people tend to predict career success based on the gender match between an applicant's name and occupation. The research suggests that women with feminine names are more likely to succeed in traditional female occupations, while men with masculine names excel in male-dominated careers.
New research from the HOT Study reveals significant differences in the response to antihypertensive treatment between age and sex groups. Women with hypertension achieve target blood pressures more easily than men, while older patients exhibit improved blood pressure control and lower risk of adverse events.
A new study at Ohio State University suggests that Vietnamese Amerasians' thoughts and feelings about their American biological fathers play a powerful role in how well they adjust to life in the United States. The study found that those who reported frequent thoughts of their biological father experienced higher levels of psychologica...
Researchers at the University of Toronto found that teasing young girls about their weight can lead to serious eating disorders, poor body image, and distorted eating patterns. The study involved approximately 100 girls in grades seven and eight from schools in Kitchener and Waterloo areas.
Researchers found that an experimental pain drug, kappa-opioid, provides effective pain relief to female rats, but has no effect on males. The study suggests a fundamental difference in brain responses between genders, which may lead to the development of more effective and non-addictive pain treatments for women.
A recent study found that alcohol dependence eliminates any protective effect of moderate drinking, intensifying risks associated with heavy drinking. Light and moderate drinkers have lower mortality rates than heavier drinkers and abstainers due to lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet.
A study of middle-aged women found that high consumption of zinc, magnesium, potassium, fiber, and vitamin C was linked to higher bone mineral density and reduced evidence of bone loss. Moderate alcohol intake also appeared to have a positive effect on bone health.
The Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group will receive $80 million in funding to continue studying antiviral interventions, immune system restoration, and opportunistic disease prevention. The network aims to improve patients' abilities to tolerate therapies and develop new strategies for treating HIV-related complications.
A Virginia Tech study finds rural single female-headed households face significant barriers to entering the workforce due to lack of transportation and public services. The study suggests these areas will be disproportionately affected in an economic downturn.
Researchers from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute have identified a protein that works closely with Brca1 to initiate DNA repair. Mutations in this trigger protein may be responsible for more instances of breast cancer than Brca1 mutations, accounting for nearly ten percent of all breast cancers.
A series of studies found that women in the military experience job dissatisfaction, reduced well-being, and physical and psychological harm due to harassment. The research highlights the need for greater gender parity and intolerance among leaders to address these issues.
A recent study of first-year medical students found that female students are more patient-centered in their approach to medicine, prioritizing equal partnerships and shared decision-making. This patient-centered attitude is also associated with a greater desire to practice in community and primary care settings.
Researchers have identified key factors contributing to the gender difference in depressive symptoms, including lower mastery over life areas and chronic strain. Women are more likely to get caught in a cycle of despair and passivity due to these interactions.
A Mayo Clinic study found a significant increase in migraine headaches among women between 1980 and 1994, with the highest incidence among young women. The study suggests that stress-related factors, such as increased work demands and single-parent households, may contribute to this trend.
Studies suggest that involving individuals with diabetes in their care can improve quality of life and reduce complications. The results highlight the importance of patient education and empowering patients to make informed treatment choices.
A nursing intervention program involving weekly telephone calls with nurses improves cancer patients' ability to manage symptoms, communicate concerns, and advocate for their own care. The program also benefits family caregivers, reducing time spent on managing side effects and improving quality of life.
A new study found that heavy alcohol consumption initiates free-radical mediated processes associated with heart disease, stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, and other chronic diseases. Vitamin C may help quell this activity, potentially limiting organ injury.
A two-year study found that mixed-gender investment clubs earn higher returns than same-sex clubs, thanks to the combination of different approaches and motivations. The research suggests that men and women bring unique perspectives to investing, leading to more diversified portfolios and better financial decisions.
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison psychologists found that males have only slightly higher levels of self-esteem than females across most ages. The analysis of nearly 150,000 respondents suggests that popular assumptions about a significant gender gap in self-esteem may be greatly exaggerated.
The university will fund studies to enhance firefighters' exercise and nutrition, prevent eating disorders and drug use among adolescent female athletes, and test random, unannounced drug testing for high school athletes. Principal investigators Linn Goldberg and Diane Elliot will lead the research.
A recent study analyzed gender differences in precancerous changes in smokers' lung tissue, finding that women develop a distinct pattern of bronchial changes and are more susceptible to tobacco-related carcinogens. This research underscores the importance of considering gender in lung cancer screening methods.
Researchers found that estrogen activates neurotransmitter receptors, increasing neuronal activity and long-term potentiation, a process linked to memory and cognitive function. The study suggests estrogen may play a key role in delaying the onset of Alzheimer's disease.
A recent study by Peggy McDonough and colleagues found no difference in the effects of men's and women's socioeconomic status on mortality risk. However, they discovered a new wrinkle: increasing one spouse's income affects the other's mortality risk differently for men and women.
Research from the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine found a significant association between periodontal disease and insulin resistance in non-diabetics. The study also showed that individuals with severe gum detachment had a higher risk of developing chronic lung diseases.
A Phase II/III clinical trial with ENBREL (etanercept) in chronic heart failure patients is underway, based on positive results from a Phase I study. The trial aims to evaluate cytokine inhibition as a new approach to studying chronic heart failure.
A recent study by Cornell University sociologist Marin Clarkberg found that only 10 percent of couples prefer the traditional breadwinner/full-time housewife family model, yet 25 percent end up fitting this mold. Women are particularly affected, with many wanting to work part-time but unable to find opportunities due to the all-or-noth...
Researchers found that regular multi-vitamin use and long-term hormone replacement therapy can lower homocysteine levels in the blood, potentially reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. The study tracked 353 men and women with varying levels of homocysteine, revealing significant differences in levels among participants.
A recent study by Ohio University found that popular female names change more frequently than those of men, with no clear reason for the difference. Women's greater comfort with change may be a contributing factor. Meanwhile, some male names have started to show variation in popularity.