Research on gender, identity, and society. Covers fertility and consumer behavior, technology and gender-based violence, and gender in history.
Women in professional occupations reported feeling a sense of loss upon retirement, while those in nonprofessional jobs felt relieved. They also differed in their decision-making processes, with professionals focusing on pension eligibility and health concerns, while nonprofessionals based it on family issues.
A study by Yale researchers found that women do smile more than men, but the difference is modest and influenced by factors such as culture, ethnicity, age, and social role. When men and women think no one is looking, they smile similarly, and the sex differences disappear when they are in the same position of power or occupation.
A meta-analysis of 48 studies found that creatine and HMB supplements effectively increased lean tissue gain with resistance training. These supplements doubled lean gain over the placebo group, suggesting independent mechanisms of action.
Penn State researchers found that wives with higher testosterone levels were more adaptive social support providers, while husbands with lower testosterone levels were more positive and less negative during discussions. Lower combined testosterone levels led to better social support givers and improved conflict resolution skills.
A study conducted by Georgia Tech researchers found a significant association between academic collaboration and scientific publishing productivity. Collaboration emerged as the strongest predictor of productivity, with scientists working in fields like chemistry exhibiting high productivity rates.
A recent study found that women have less tolerance for self-handicapping by men or women, making more negative evaluations of the behavior. Women are also less willing to excuse self-handicapping even when alternative explanations are viable, suspecting laziness and lack of motivation.
A new report by Newcastle University and Sunderland University found that many male soldiers and officers still struggle with adjusting to the presence of women in the organization. Women are often portrayed as a disruption or sexualized in media images, influencing Army perceptions and policies.
A new study found that acute alcohol consumption increases plasma and brain testosterone concentrations in male rats, contrary to previous research. The study's authors suggest individual differences may underlie these variations, providing new insights into the behavioral and endocrine effects of alcohol abuse.
A new study by Dee W. Edington, Ph.D., of the University of Michigan found that individuals with obesity incur significantly higher medical costs than those with normal weight, with average annual costs rising from $2,225 to $3,753 for obese individuals. The economic burden of obesity is estimated to be substantial, with conservative e...
A recent study found that 62.2% of surveyed US adults are classified as incompletely healthy, with most suffering from poor physical health. The researchers identified key factors associated with complete health, including gender, age, marital status, education, and income.
A French study found that men have higher tHcy levels than women overall, while coffee consumption in women has a significant impact on tHcy concentrations. Conversely, caloric intake and physical activity levels in men play a crucial role in determining tHcy levels and CVD risk.
A study of 189 older mothers (60+ years) found they are most ambivalent towards adult children who don't achieve financial independence. The mothers reported closer relationships with their daughters, but also the most conflict, as they require more emotional support.
A study analyzing cases of first stroke among young people in Northern Manhattan found that young blacks and Hispanics were more likely to experience a stroke, with the risk being 2.4 times higher for blacks and 2.5 times higher for Hispanics compared to whites. Young men were also more likely to have intracerebral hemorrhage than women.
A new UIC study sheds light on the relationship between early sexual development and childhood obesity, revealing an opposite link for boys and girls. Early maturation is associated with increased height but not weight gain in boys, while early maturity in girls is linked to both increased height and weight.
Women's stroke symptoms differ from men's, often non-traditional and less specific. The study found that women were more likely to report non-traditional symptoms like pain and changes in consciousness.
A study by Northeastern University's David DeSteno reveals that both men and women experience more distress from sexual than emotional infidelity. The findings challenge long-held evolutionary theories on jealousy.
Research found that adolescent blood pressure increases differ by ethnicity and sex. Black participants showed greater blood pressure responses to stress compared to white subjects. Males also exhibited higher blood pressure levels during relaxation, similar to findings in adults.
A study by Emory University Health Sciences Center found that many young men have trouble using condoms correctly, with errors including not checking expiration dates and putting on condoms during sex. The research emphasizes the importance of providing adequate condom use education to prevent HIV and other STDs.
A study by Pauline Entin, PhD, found no significant gender difference in running speed for horses, which contradicts the assumption that men are faster than women. In contrast, female horses have been successful in premier events and dogs show a similar lack of gender-based segregation in racing.
A recent study found that women with cardiac disease experience lower quality of life scores than men, regardless of diagnosis or treatment. Social support plays a crucial role in mitigating this disparity, particularly for physical health composite scores among men.
A retrospective study of 222 patients with HIV found that women experienced higher rates of neurologic complications and lipodystrophy after two years of HAART therapy. The study's findings suggest that while women may respond similarly to treatment as men, they experience more side effects.
A new study suggests that an optimistic outlook may improve lung function in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Optimism was linked to higher lung function and slower rate of decline in lung function compared to pessimistic individuals, even after controlling for smoking.
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening all adults for depression, according to new guidelines. A Canadian study also found that men and women receive equal treatment for coronary heart disease once their condition is known, challenging previous reports of bias.
A new study funded by a $350,000 grant aims to examine how alcohol impairs women's ability to recognize and respond to risk of sexual aggression. The research will provide information on resistance strategies to help women engage in safer dating situations.
Primary care clinicians identified boys with similar parent-reported symptoms more likely, leading to differences in treatment. Boys were more likely to receive medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder problems.
A study of older brother/sister twin pairs found that men and women had similar numbers of illnesses, with the exception of very life-threatening conditions. Women reported more total health problems and physical symptoms, while men had more cardiovascular conditions.
A recent study by University of Toronto professor Cecilia Reynolds found that women are underrepresented in school leadership positions and often face limited opportunities for advancement. Women who do become principals are frequently assigned to challenging schools, perpetuating gender imbalances in the education system.
A recent study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that a boy's height at age 16 is a significant determinant of his salary as an adult. The study controlled for race, gender, and socio-economic status, and found that taller teenagers earned up to 15% more than shorter counterparts in any given field.
Contrary to previous research, a new study by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that U.S. girls hardly surpass U.S. boys in mathematical ability. The study analyzed data from elementary school through high school and found no significant gender differences until late high school, when the gap was only 1.5 percent.
Two studies examine the link between sex hormones and coronary artery spasm, finding that estrogen levels during menstruation affect blood vessel function. Automated external defibrillators are also shown to be safe and easy to use by trained laypersons, paving the way for potential home sales.
A NASA review highlights known and potential gender differences in physiological responses to spaceflight, including cardiovascular and exercise physiology, barophysiology, and pharmacotherapeutics. The review also addresses reproductive issues such as menstrual function and endometriosis in space.
Researchers investigated the influence of gender on upper airway structure and function, finding no gender differences in resistance and Pcrit. These findings contradict previous assumptions and suggest a possible explanation for the male predominance of OSA, potentially related to neurochemical control or other factors.
Researchers at UW-Madison found that female rats have an improved protective reaction to oxygen deprivation, suggesting a role for estrogen in respiratory control. The study suggests that gender hormones may be a factor in the development of obstructive sleep apnea, particularly in women.
A new analysis of 62 studies found that men and women agree on the seriousness of sexual coercion and propositions, but disagree on less extreme behaviors like sex-stereotyped jokes and repeated date requests. The study suggests that gender differences in perceptions of harassment may be influenced by socialization and value systems.
New research from the University of Pennsylvania suggests that physiology, particularly the vagus nerve, plays a role in gender differences in food choices. Studies found that women exhibited diminished vagally-mediated hormonal and gastric responses to food compared to men, which could explain why women tend to prefer healthier foods.
Researchers investigated how men and women's livers respond differently to chronic ethanol consumption. The study found that female rats' ability to activate protective genes was impaired compared to males, increasing their risk of liver damage when exposed to the same amount of alcohol.
Female mice displayed higher sensitivity to amphetamines before and after puberty, differing from male mice who showed no changes, according to a study published by the American Physiological Society.
Researchers found that men exhibited a decrease in coordination during exercise-induced hypoxia, whereas women showed an increase. Conversely, women had lower ventilatory responses to hypoxia compared to men.
Research by Harriet Hanlon explores how neural networks process language skills in boys and girls, finding differences in brain connectivity that impact reading abilities. The study suggests a balanced approach to language instruction can benefit both sexes.
Research reveals women exhibit a greater decrease in arterial pressure during recovery, with reduced cardiac output and lesser increases in vascular resistance. Engaging light activity supports arterial pressure, regardless of gender.
This study reveals sex hormone effects on body fluid regulation and blood pressure, with men showing greater plasma AVP sensitivity to hypertonic saline infusion. This increased sensitivity is associated with higher systolic pressure, pulse pressure, cortisol levels, and sodium retention.
A study published in the American Journal of Psychiatry found significant gender-related differences in the characteristics of male and female gamblers who called a helpline. Female gamblers were more likely to report non-strategic, less interpersonal forms of gambling and receiving mental health treatment.
A new study by University of Wisconsin-Madison professors finds that juggling work and family roles improves health for single and married women, as well as men. The research also shows that high levels of role satisfaction are associated with low levels of depression and anxiety.
Researchers found that current marriage conditions, including weekly work hours and household responsibilities, have a greater impact on marital satisfaction than spouses' past relationships. The study also revealed significant gender differences in how these factors affect marital quality.
Patients undergoing endoscopic surgery for Crohn's disease experienced reduced hospital stays, quicker return to regular diets, and lower narcotics use compared to open procedures. The study also found significant cost savings of nearly $3,400.
A new study published in the Journal of Behavioral Neuroscience found that extraverts show greater brain reactivity to positive images compared to introverts. The researchers used fMRI to measure brain responses to negative and positive images, and found associations between personality traits and neural activity in response to emotion...
Researchers found that women hospitalized for heart disease can benefit from nurse-managed relapse prevention programs, which teach coping strategies and provide social support. The programs have been shown to be feasible and well-accepted by both patients and healthcare providers.
A Johns Hopkins study found that one-third of Korean Americans have high blood pressure, with almost 75% not controlling it. The prevalence is 32%, much higher than the American rate of 24% and Korean rate of 22%. English-speaking ability directly impacts hypertension control among Korean Americans.
A study by University of Toronto professor Shelley Peterson found that students perceive male authors as more competent if their stories are descriptive and well-written, while female authors are viewed as more capable if they write about relationships or emotional themes. This perceived incompetence can have long-term implications on ...
A study in Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research examines gender-specific reasons for treatment retention in private substance abuse treatment programs. Women's staying power is linked to being unemployed, married, and having higher incomes, while men's staying power is related to receiving employer pressure and having a goal to...
A study of 1,277 elderly people found no correlation between left-handedness and mortality rate. Instead, factors such as pressure to switch hands, gender differences, and adaptation to a right-hand world influenced the prevalence of left-handedness among older adults.
A study by the University of Pittsburgh found that female physicians in Pennsylvania earn significantly less than their male counterparts, with women earning 14% less per hour. Despite accounting for demographics and training, women are more likely to be in low-paying specialties and take time off due to child care.
A study of 286 patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease found that treatment response to Aricept was not predicted by ApoE4 genotype or gender. Patients treated with Aricept showed significant improvements in global function and cognition, while those on placebo experienced decline.
Researchers found that women are less likely to receive early treatment following a heart attack, including aspirin and thrombolytic therapy. Despite this, there is no apparent effect on 30-day mortality rates when accounting for severity of illness and other factors.
A new study found that people tend to predict career success based on the gender match between an applicant's name and occupation. The research suggests that women with feminine names are more likely to succeed in traditional female occupations, while men with masculine names excel in male-dominated careers.
New research from the HOT Study reveals significant differences in the response to antihypertensive treatment between age and sex groups. Women with hypertension achieve target blood pressures more easily than men, while older patients exhibit improved blood pressure control and lower risk of adverse events.
A new study at Ohio State University suggests that Vietnamese Amerasians' thoughts and feelings about their American biological fathers play a powerful role in how well they adjust to life in the United States. The study found that those who reported frequent thoughts of their biological father experienced higher levels of psychologica...
Researchers at the University of Toronto found that teasing young girls about their weight can lead to serious eating disorders, poor body image, and distorted eating patterns. The study involved approximately 100 girls in grades seven and eight from schools in Kitchener and Waterloo areas.
Researchers found that an experimental pain drug, kappa-opioid, provides effective pain relief to female rats, but has no effect on males. The study suggests a fundamental difference in brain responses between genders, which may lead to the development of more effective and non-addictive pain treatments for women.
A recent study found that alcohol dependence eliminates any protective effect of moderate drinking, intensifying risks associated with heavy drinking. Light and moderate drinkers have lower mortality rates than heavier drinkers and abstainers due to lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet.