Research on gender, identity, and society. Covers fertility and consumer behavior, technology and gender-based violence, and gender in history.
A study using computed tomography found that women's brains atrophy faster and show greater brain damage from chronic drinking than men's. Women start to drink later but develop dependence earlier and experience more severe consequences.
Researchers discovered significant differences in lipoprotein sizes and subclasses among severely obese white and black children, indicating higher cardiovascular risk for the former group. This study emphasizes the importance of addressing obesity-related health disparities in childhood.
A study led by Penn State University assistant professor Theresa Vescio found that patronizing behavior, characterized by giving subordinates praise while withholding resources, can lead to negative performance outcomes for women. This subtle form of sexism may allow discriminatory practices to go unnoticed.
A study by University of Toronto researchers found that teams with mostly women became more egalitarian over time, while teams with mostly men continued to follow hierarchical structures. This led to better grades for the latter teams, highlighting the importance of equal participation in creative project teams.
A lab study found that administering male sex hormones to female mice increases their susceptibility to developing abdominal aortic aneurysms. The goal now is to identify the target of these hormones to develop drugs that can lower the incidence of life-threatening aneurysms.
A study by Fisher and Dubé finds that men exhibit significant emotional responses to ads when alone, contrary to the stereotype of women being more 'emotional'. The research reveals that males are sensitive to specific types of emotions in social environments, leading to profound implications for advertisers approaching male customers.
Research highlights oral health disparities across socio-economic status, race, gender, and age groups. Assessments of oral health, environment, behavior, microbiology, and genes within the family are key to improving access.
A recent study analyzed 231 articles on weight loss studies, revealing inadequate reporting of subject characteristics. The findings show that 92% of studies missed medication use, 34% ignored health status, and 86% failed to indicate ethnicity.
A recent study found that nicotine can eliminate the differences in brain activity between men and women during hostile or impulsive acts. Brain imaging research conducted by UCI showed that when participants were given nicotine, the brain-metabolism activity was virtually identical for both sexes.
Researchers found that current drinking increased the risk of fatal injuries by 2-3 times compared to non-drinkers, with a notable increase in drowning deaths. The study also highlights gender differences in alcohol-related risks, with female drinkers facing higher mortality rates for suicide and homicide.
Researcher Anne Lincoln found that female Academy Award nominees tend to begin their acting careers at a younger age than male nominees. By analyzing the average age of Oscar nominees from 1928-2001, she discovered historical trends suggesting women start earlier, which may explain the gendered age disparity between winners and nominees.
A study examining 919 cardiovascular drug ads found that 80% depicted male patients, with women underrepresented and often portrayed as younger than men. The research highlights the potential impact of gender bias in advertising on physicians' treatment decisions for heart problems.
The Multicenter UnSustained Tachycardia Trial found significant differences in characteristics, treatment, and outcome between men and women with coronary artery disease. Women were more likely to have experienced angina and had lower rates of atrial fibrillation than men.
Researchers found that native Mandarin speakers are almost nine times more likely to have the ability. Early music training also plays a significant role in developing perfect pitch, with Chinese students showing higher incidence rates than U.S. counterparts.
Researchers found that estrogen significantly reduces MMP-9 enzyme activity in male rat aortas, leading to smaller aneurysms and less damage. The study suggests that host environment is the critical factor in aneurysm formation, with male rats more prone to AAA development.
A study found racial and gender differences in lipid profiles, with African-American women having the best distribution and white men having the worst. These differences can determine cardiovascular disease risk.
A survey of over 700 adults found that 50% of men and only 32% of women supported routine paternity testing. The difference in response remained consistent despite marital and income status. Researchers speculate that women may seek a father's genetic heritage or parental investment, but this practice is rare due to the potential risks.
Researchers found that 10-year-old free time activities predicted sex-typed characteristics in early adolescence, but exceptions existed for boys. For girls, sports positively predicted math interests, while time with mothers boosted language arts grades.
Researchers are studying how damaged hearts heal differently in men and women, with a focus on estrogen's role. The study aims to understand the underlying mechanisms of cardiac remodeling and its impact on heart failure.
A review of 18 studies found that hypnosis-based smoking cessation programs were more successful for men than women, with a 7 percent advantage. Researchers suggest gender differences in quitting smoking may be the reason behind this disparity.
Research suggests that men tend to have poorer outcomes in short-term group therapy for complicated grief, with symptoms improving less among males than females. The study's findings emphasize the importance of considering patient gender when selecting treatment options.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that women are at least twice as likely to develop musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) as men. The study analyzed data from 56 previous studies and accounted for factors such as age, occupation, and reporting methods, but still found a significant gender difference in MSD prevalence.
Cancer patients anticipate an average of 8.7 symptoms, with fatigue, nausea, and hair loss being the most common expected side effects. The study identifies characteristics of patients who expect more side effects, including age, gender, educational background, and type of cancer.
A study found that liver damage risk varies by gender and drinking pattern. Women are more susceptible, especially when not eating with alcohol, whereas men's risk depends on frequency and amount of drinking.
A prospective study of 89 caregivers found that as breast cancer patients progressed to the last stages of their illness, caregivers experienced increased depression and burden. The authors emphasize the need to address family caregiver needs during patient care, given hospital bed shortages for palliative and hospice care.
A recent study of over 1 million Medicare beneficiaries found that older patients aged 90+ are significantly less likely to receive critical care in intensive care units (ICUs) compared to their peers aged 68-70. Treatment in an ICU appears to be just as effective for both ages, highlighting a possible disparity in care received by you...
A recent study found that boys are at least twice as likely to have dyslexia and reading difficulties as girls. The research suggests that early identification and intervention are crucial for providing effective treatment, and highlights the need for educational programmes to address boys' emerging disabilities.
A study published in Nicotine and Tobacco Research found that bupropion was an effective treatment for women who smoked lightly. Women receiving bupropion were twice as likely to remain abstinent from smoking if they smoked fewer than 20 cigarettes per day, compared to those receiving behavioral counseling alone.
A study by Ohio State University found that women tend to remember physical features, clothing, and postures of others better than men. This advantage may be due to women's greater focus on interpersonal interactions and people-oriented nature.
Indiana University professors Christopher Beckwith, Mary Ellen Brown, Ellen Ketterson, and Loren Rieseberg have been awarded the prestigious 2004 Guggenheim Fellowships. The grants will support their research on topics including bird sexual behavior, plant species evolution, and Central Eurasian history.
A UCSD study found that adolescents who engaged in less vigorous physical activity were more likely to be overweight or at risk for obesity. The researchers also discovered that fiber intake was closely linked to weight, with normal-weight teens consuming more fibrous foods like whole grains and fruits and vegetables.
A study by Cornell University's R. Brinkley Smithers Institute found a significant link between workplace drinking and gender harassment. Women experienced a more-than-twofold increase in incidents of gender harassment when men consumed additional alcoholic drinks during work hours.
Emory researchers discovered significant racial and gender disparities in heart attack treatment, with African-American women receiving the least aggressive care. The study analyzed records of over 672,000 white and black patients younger than 75 and found no trend towards improvement in recent years.
Research by Brown University's Jennifer L. Lawless and Richard L. Fox found that women are less likely to run for office due to low self-perceived qualifications and lack of encouragement. Despite equal performance in campaign fundraising and vote totals, women remain underrepresented in U.S. political institutions.
A study analyzing HMO medical groups found that with efficient care, primary and specialist physicians can serve a large patient population with significantly fewer doctors. The HMOs had about 1 physician for every 650 patients, compared to the current US supply of 1 per 400.
A blood test may reveal systemic factors that relate to periodontal disease, especially in men. The study found a significant relationship between CRP and periodontal diseases in women, but not in men. Males were reported to have more serious symptoms of periodontal diseases than females of the same age group.
A study by Professor John Cairney and Julie Ann McMullin found that people's self-esteem drops after middle age, especially for low-income earners. The researchers suggest changing negative perceptions and stereotypes associated with gender and age can help build confidence as we age.
A study found that 29.8% of Ontario men diagnosed with prostate cancer used complementary medicine, highlighting the need for awareness and discussion among clinicians. The most commonly used products were natural health supplements like vitamin E, saw palmetto, and selenium, which may interact with conventional therapies.
A recent survey by Erickson found that Atlantic Canadians are best connected, with an average of 11 out of 15 occupational categories. Volunteering is key to broadening one's social network, according to Professor Bonnie Erickson.
A study by University of Michigan doctors found that gender is the biggest predictor of chaperone use, with male doctors more likely to have a nurse or assistant present. Regional differences also exist, with Southern doctors using chaperones more frequently than those in the Midwest.
A Duke University Medical Center study found that women undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery exhibit poorer quality-of-life outcomes compared to men. After statistical adjustments for preoperative risk factors, the researchers discovered that women were at a higher risk of mental difficulties and anxiety following the procedure.
A study of 177 patients found higher blood levels of sitosterol were associated with an increased risk of coronary events. Patients with high LDL cholesterol and elevated sitosterol levels were at nearly double the risk of a major coronary event.
Women with heart attacks tend to have milder blockages in their arteries but are less likely to receive aggressive drug therapy or undergo procedures like angioplasty. This disparity may be due to the disease itself, rather than bias against women's treatment.
The Get With The Guidelines Coronary Artery Disease (GWTG-CADSM) program improved treatment quality for heart attack patients by increasing the use of aspirin and beta-blockers. Gender gaps in treatment were also reduced, with more women receiving life-saving therapies.
Researchers found that men's brains showed greater activity in cognitive regions when given pain stimuli, while women's brains responded more strongly in limbic regions. These differences may have evolved due to distinct roles of men and women in stress responses, with women's brains being more nurturing and protective.
A recent study found that practice type and patient race are significant predictors of enrollment in clinical trials. Academic settings and white patients showed higher rates of trial participation, while non-academic sites and African-Americans had lower rates.
A recent study by UF management professors Timothy Judge and Daniel Cable found that being tall comes with significant financial benefits, including higher pay and increased respect at work. The research analyzed data from thousands of participants and showed that every inch of height can add up to thousands of dollars in annual earnings.
A Dartmouth study analyzing Medicare data from 1998-2000 found that racial disparities in knee replacement surgery exist not only by sex but also by geographic location. Despite similar rates among African-American women and white women, black men were half as likely to undergo the procedure as their white counterparts.
Researchers found significant racial and sex differences in nasal contribution to breathing during exercise, with African-Americans having a greater nasal contribution than Caucasians. Women had significantly less physical work capacity and breathing efficiency compared to men.
A new study found that managers who supervise predominantly female teams receive lower pay, while those who work with mostly male teams earn more. The study also discovered that younger and older workers are perceived as less valuable, resulting in lower compensation for managers supervising these age groups.
Researchers study women's midlife health, focusing on intra abdominal fat and its impact on heart disease risk. The WISH project examines the mediating role of stress on cardiovascular risk among post menopausal women.
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 45 leadership studies found that women tend to use transformational leadership styles, which produce better worker performance and effectiveness. Women scored higher than men on one measure of transactional leadership and were more likely to be mentors and empower workers.
Women's lung function improved significantly after quitting smoking, with improvements lasting longer than those of men. Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of COPD, and the study highlights the importance of quitting to reduce lung disease risk.
Researchers found that head injury significantly increases risk of developing Parkinson's disease, with severe injuries linked to a 20-year delay in symptoms. The study suggests that mild head injuries may not be associated with an increased risk, but more research is needed to understand the link.
A new study found that mecamylamine, a central nicotinic receptor antagonist, reduces the self-reported stimulant and euphoric effects of alcohol in humans. The study also decreased desire to drink more, providing evidence for its potential as an anti-alcohol reinforcement treatment.
A recent study found that daily smokers experience impaired time estimation when abstaining from cigarettes for 24 hours. This impairment may contribute to feelings of stress and decreased focus, highlighting the need for further research on nicotine's effects on attention processes.
Unmarried mothers with boys are more likely to find a husband and tie the knot, a study by University of Washington economists found. The researchers discovered that single mothers of boys are 11% more likely to get married than those with girls.
Children from lower-income families are more likely to have access to vision care, while those from higher-income families face barriers due to private insurance or lack of coverage. Cultural and social factors also play a role in disparities in eye care services.
Chronic snorers are more than twice as likely to experience chronic daily headaches as those with occasional headaches. Researchers suggest that treating snoring could help alleviate headaches in some individuals.
A recent study published in Arthritis Research & Therapy found that smoking significantly increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in men. However, female smokers do not face a higher risk, contrary to previous assumptions. The study suggests pre-menopausal women may block the link between smoking and RA development.