Articles tagged with Gender Studies
Research by Brown University's Jennifer L. Lawless and Richard L. Fox found that women are less likely to run for office due to low self-perceived qualifications and lack of encouragement. Despite equal performance in campaign fundraising and vote totals, women remain underrepresented in U.S. political institutions.
A study analyzing HMO medical groups found that with efficient care, primary and specialist physicians can serve a large patient population with significantly fewer doctors. The HMOs had about 1 physician for every 650 patients, compared to the current US supply of 1 per 400.
A blood test may reveal systemic factors that relate to periodontal disease, especially in men. The study found a significant relationship between CRP and periodontal diseases in women, but not in men. Males were reported to have more serious symptoms of periodontal diseases than females of the same age group.
A study by Professor John Cairney and Julie Ann McMullin found that people's self-esteem drops after middle age, especially for low-income earners. The researchers suggest changing negative perceptions and stereotypes associated with gender and age can help build confidence as we age.
A recent survey by Erickson found that Atlantic Canadians are best connected, with an average of 11 out of 15 occupational categories. Volunteering is key to broadening one's social network, according to Professor Bonnie Erickson.
A study found that 29.8% of Ontario men diagnosed with prostate cancer used complementary medicine, highlighting the need for awareness and discussion among clinicians. The most commonly used products were natural health supplements like vitamin E, saw palmetto, and selenium, which may interact with conventional therapies.
A study by University of Michigan doctors found that gender is the biggest predictor of chaperone use, with male doctors more likely to have a nurse or assistant present. Regional differences also exist, with Southern doctors using chaperones more frequently than those in the Midwest.
A Duke University Medical Center study found that women undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery exhibit poorer quality-of-life outcomes compared to men. After statistical adjustments for preoperative risk factors, the researchers discovered that women were at a higher risk of mental difficulties and anxiety following the procedure.
A study of 177 patients found higher blood levels of sitosterol were associated with an increased risk of coronary events. Patients with high LDL cholesterol and elevated sitosterol levels were at nearly double the risk of a major coronary event.
Women with heart attacks tend to have milder blockages in their arteries but are less likely to receive aggressive drug therapy or undergo procedures like angioplasty. This disparity may be due to the disease itself, rather than bias against women's treatment.
The Get With The Guidelines Coronary Artery Disease (GWTG-CADSM) program improved treatment quality for heart attack patients by increasing the use of aspirin and beta-blockers. Gender gaps in treatment were also reduced, with more women receiving life-saving therapies.
Researchers found that men's brains showed greater activity in cognitive regions when given pain stimuli, while women's brains responded more strongly in limbic regions. These differences may have evolved due to distinct roles of men and women in stress responses, with women's brains being more nurturing and protective.
A recent study found that practice type and patient race are significant predictors of enrollment in clinical trials. Academic settings and white patients showed higher rates of trial participation, while non-academic sites and African-Americans had lower rates.
A recent study by UF management professors Timothy Judge and Daniel Cable found that being tall comes with significant financial benefits, including higher pay and increased respect at work. The research analyzed data from thousands of participants and showed that every inch of height can add up to thousands of dollars in annual earnings.
A Dartmouth study analyzing Medicare data from 1998-2000 found that racial disparities in knee replacement surgery exist not only by sex but also by geographic location. Despite similar rates among African-American women and white women, black men were half as likely to undergo the procedure as their white counterparts.
Researchers found significant racial and sex differences in nasal contribution to breathing during exercise, with African-Americans having a greater nasal contribution than Caucasians. Women had significantly less physical work capacity and breathing efficiency compared to men.
A new study found that managers who supervise predominantly female teams receive lower pay, while those who work with mostly male teams earn more. The study also discovered that younger and older workers are perceived as less valuable, resulting in lower compensation for managers supervising these age groups.
Researchers study women's midlife health, focusing on intra abdominal fat and its impact on heart disease risk. The WISH project examines the mediating role of stress on cardiovascular risk among post menopausal women.
A comprehensive meta-analysis of 45 leadership studies found that women tend to use transformational leadership styles, which produce better worker performance and effectiveness. Women scored higher than men on one measure of transactional leadership and were more likely to be mentors and empower workers.
Women's lung function improved significantly after quitting smoking, with improvements lasting longer than those of men. Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of COPD, and the study highlights the importance of quitting to reduce lung disease risk.
Researchers found that head injury significantly increases risk of developing Parkinson's disease, with severe injuries linked to a 20-year delay in symptoms. The study suggests that mild head injuries may not be associated with an increased risk, but more research is needed to understand the link.
A new study found that mecamylamine, a central nicotinic receptor antagonist, reduces the self-reported stimulant and euphoric effects of alcohol in humans. The study also decreased desire to drink more, providing evidence for its potential as an anti-alcohol reinforcement treatment.
A recent study found that daily smokers experience impaired time estimation when abstaining from cigarettes for 24 hours. This impairment may contribute to feelings of stress and decreased focus, highlighting the need for further research on nicotine's effects on attention processes.
Unmarried mothers with boys are more likely to find a husband and tie the knot, a study by University of Washington economists found. The researchers discovered that single mothers of boys are 11% more likely to get married than those with girls.
Children from lower-income families are more likely to have access to vision care, while those from higher-income families face barriers due to private insurance or lack of coverage. Cultural and social factors also play a role in disparities in eye care services.
Chronic snorers are more than twice as likely to experience chronic daily headaches as those with occasional headaches. Researchers suggest that treating snoring could help alleviate headaches in some individuals.
A recent study published in Arthritis Research & Therapy found that smoking significantly increases the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in men. However, female smokers do not face a higher risk, contrary to previous assumptions. The study suggests pre-menopausal women may block the link between smoking and RA development.
Women in professional occupations reported feeling a sense of loss upon retirement, while those in nonprofessional jobs felt relieved. They also differed in their decision-making processes, with professionals focusing on pension eligibility and health concerns, while nonprofessionals based it on family issues.
A study by Yale researchers found that women do smile more than men, but the difference is modest and influenced by factors such as culture, ethnicity, age, and social role. When men and women think no one is looking, they smile similarly, and the sex differences disappear when they are in the same position of power or occupation.
A meta-analysis of 48 studies found that creatine and HMB supplements effectively increased lean tissue gain with resistance training. These supplements doubled lean gain over the placebo group, suggesting independent mechanisms of action.
Penn State researchers found that wives with higher testosterone levels were more adaptive social support providers, while husbands with lower testosterone levels were more positive and less negative during discussions. Lower combined testosterone levels led to better social support givers and improved conflict resolution skills.
A study conducted by Georgia Tech researchers found a significant association between academic collaboration and scientific publishing productivity. Collaboration emerged as the strongest predictor of productivity, with scientists working in fields like chemistry exhibiting high productivity rates.
A recent study found that women have less tolerance for self-handicapping by men or women, making more negative evaluations of the behavior. Women are also less willing to excuse self-handicapping even when alternative explanations are viable, suspecting laziness and lack of motivation.
A new report by Newcastle University and Sunderland University found that many male soldiers and officers still struggle with adjusting to the presence of women in the organization. Women are often portrayed as a disruption or sexualized in media images, influencing Army perceptions and policies.
A new study found that acute alcohol consumption increases plasma and brain testosterone concentrations in male rats, contrary to previous research. The study's authors suggest individual differences may underlie these variations, providing new insights into the behavioral and endocrine effects of alcohol abuse.
A new study by Dee W. Edington, Ph.D., of the University of Michigan found that individuals with obesity incur significantly higher medical costs than those with normal weight, with average annual costs rising from $2,225 to $3,753 for obese individuals. The economic burden of obesity is estimated to be substantial, with conservative e...
A recent study found that 62.2% of surveyed US adults are classified as incompletely healthy, with most suffering from poor physical health. The researchers identified key factors associated with complete health, including gender, age, marital status, education, and income.
A French study found that men have higher tHcy levels than women overall, while coffee consumption in women has a significant impact on tHcy concentrations. Conversely, caloric intake and physical activity levels in men play a crucial role in determining tHcy levels and CVD risk.
A study of 189 older mothers (60+ years) found they are most ambivalent towards adult children who don't achieve financial independence. The mothers reported closer relationships with their daughters, but also the most conflict, as they require more emotional support.
A study analyzing cases of first stroke among young people in Northern Manhattan found that young blacks and Hispanics were more likely to experience a stroke, with the risk being 2.4 times higher for blacks and 2.5 times higher for Hispanics compared to whites. Young men were also more likely to have intracerebral hemorrhage than women.
A new UIC study sheds light on the relationship between early sexual development and childhood obesity, revealing an opposite link for boys and girls. Early maturation is associated with increased height but not weight gain in boys, while early maturity in girls is linked to both increased height and weight.
Women's stroke symptoms differ from men's, often non-traditional and less specific. The study found that women were more likely to report non-traditional symptoms like pain and changes in consciousness.
A study by Northeastern University's David DeSteno reveals that both men and women experience more distress from sexual than emotional infidelity. The findings challenge long-held evolutionary theories on jealousy.
Research found that adolescent blood pressure increases differ by ethnicity and sex. Black participants showed greater blood pressure responses to stress compared to white subjects. Males also exhibited higher blood pressure levels during relaxation, similar to findings in adults.
A study by Emory University Health Sciences Center found that many young men have trouble using condoms correctly, with errors including not checking expiration dates and putting on condoms during sex. The research emphasizes the importance of providing adequate condom use education to prevent HIV and other STDs.
A study by Pauline Entin, PhD, found no significant gender difference in running speed for horses, which contradicts the assumption that men are faster than women. In contrast, female horses have been successful in premier events and dogs show a similar lack of gender-based segregation in racing.
A recent study found that women with cardiac disease experience lower quality of life scores than men, regardless of diagnosis or treatment. Social support plays a crucial role in mitigating this disparity, particularly for physical health composite scores among men.
A retrospective study of 222 patients with HIV found that women experienced higher rates of neurologic complications and lipodystrophy after two years of HAART therapy. The study's findings suggest that while women may respond similarly to treatment as men, they experience more side effects.
A new study suggests that an optimistic outlook may improve lung function in men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Optimism was linked to higher lung function and slower rate of decline in lung function compared to pessimistic individuals, even after controlling for smoking.
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening all adults for depression, according to new guidelines. A Canadian study also found that men and women receive equal treatment for coronary heart disease once their condition is known, challenging previous reports of bias.
A new study funded by a $350,000 grant aims to examine how alcohol impairs women's ability to recognize and respond to risk of sexual aggression. The research will provide information on resistance strategies to help women engage in safer dating situations.
Primary care clinicians identified boys with similar parent-reported symptoms more likely, leading to differences in treatment. Boys were more likely to receive medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder problems.
A study of older brother/sister twin pairs found that men and women had similar numbers of illnesses, with the exception of very life-threatening conditions. Women reported more total health problems and physical symptoms, while men had more cardiovascular conditions.
A recent study by University of Toronto professor Cecilia Reynolds found that women are underrepresented in school leadership positions and often face limited opportunities for advancement. Women who do become principals are frequently assigned to challenging schools, perpetuating gender imbalances in the education system.
A recent study by University of Pennsylvania researchers found that a boy's height at age 16 is a significant determinant of his salary as an adult. The study controlled for race, gender, and socio-economic status, and found that taller teenagers earned up to 15% more than shorter counterparts in any given field.
Contrary to previous research, a new study by the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill found that U.S. girls hardly surpass U.S. boys in mathematical ability. The study analyzed data from elementary school through high school and found no significant gender differences until late high school, when the gap was only 1.5 percent.
Two studies examine the link between sex hormones and coronary artery spasm, finding that estrogen levels during menstruation affect blood vessel function. Automated external defibrillators are also shown to be safe and easy to use by trained laypersons, paving the way for potential home sales.
A NASA review highlights known and potential gender differences in physiological responses to spaceflight, including cardiovascular and exercise physiology, barophysiology, and pharmacotherapeutics. The review also addresses reproductive issues such as menstrual function and endometriosis in space.
Researchers investigated the influence of gender on upper airway structure and function, finding no gender differences in resistance and Pcrit. These findings contradict previous assumptions and suggest a possible explanation for the male predominance of OSA, potentially related to neurochemical control or other factors.
Researchers at UW-Madison found that female rats have an improved protective reaction to oxygen deprivation, suggesting a role for estrogen in respiratory control. The study suggests that gender hormones may be a factor in the development of obstructive sleep apnea, particularly in women.