Adjuvant treatments with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hormone treatment tamoxifen can prevent late recurrences in breast cancer patients. The new findings show a significant decrease in deaths from breast cancer in middle-aged women, with a 30% fall over the past decade in the UK.
At the Institute of Human Virology (IHV) conference, scientists from Africa, Caribbean, and US/Europe discussed HIV/AIDS challenges in the developing world. They emphasized the need for more North-South partnerships to address affordable therapies and preventative vaccines.
Scientists have identified a major susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetes in Mexican Americans, also affecting two European populations. The discovery provides new approaches to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Brown's Materials Research Science and Engineering Center will continue to perform fundamental research in mechanics of materials, exploring nanoscale electronics and complex microstructures. The grant also supports educational outreach programs, including summer research experiences for minority university students.
A study of 1,277 elderly people found no correlation between left-handedness and mortality rate. Instead, factors such as pressure to switch hands, gender differences, and adaptation to a right-hand world influenced the prevalence of left-handedness among older adults.
A national committee recommends a strategy focused on better tracking of HIV infections, coupled with funding the most cost-effective prevention programs. The approach aims to significantly cut new infections, particularly in high-risk populations.
The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory will use its powerful X-ray crystallography instruments to determine the three-dimensional structure of 2,000 proteins encoded by human DNA. This grant is part of a nationwide research effort to understand protein structures and functions.
Researchers at UCSD discovered an oxygen-isotope anomaly in soils that suggests atmospheric deposition of sulfates from sulfur-emitting marine algae is a significant contributor to the region's high salt concentrations. The study provides concrete evidence for biological activity as the primary source of salt in the Dry Valleys.
The study found that a Western diet pattern was associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged men, particularly those who smoked. In contrast, a prudent diet pattern was linked to lower risks, even when accounting for other factors such as smoking and family history.
The study will analyze marine life around eight oil platforms in the Santa Barbara channel, focusing on species with desired natural products. The research aims to determine the distribution, abundance, and genetic similarities of these organisms, as well as their potential for harvesting sustainably.
The Protein Structure Initiative aims to determine protein form and function, improving health and disease understanding. The project uses x-ray crystallography, NMR, and computation to identify protein structures in minimal organisms.
Five NYC research institutions join forces to develop high-speed methods to decipher 3D protein structures, focusing on disease-related proteins. The collaboration aims to provide a way for researchers to quickly translate genomic knowledge into promising drug targets.
A new genetic variation in the calpain-10 gene has been identified as a significant contributor to type 2 diabetes. This discovery provides new insight into the origins of the disease and its impact on patients' lives, offering potential therapeutic approaches for treatment.
The University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health will operate a Central Appalachian Public Health Training Center, providing on-site and distance-based training programs for underserved areas. The goal is to assure high-quality performance of public health agencies by upgrading the skills of existing workforce members.
The study found that the global prevalence of overweight among infants and children aged 0-5 years is 3.3%, with some countries having very high rates of both overweight and wasting. Developing countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Latin America have the highest prevalences of overweight.
Consumers who consumed high amounts of energy-dense, nutrient-poor foods had lower serum concentrations of vitamins and micronutrients, as well as higher levels of homocysteine. This study highlights the need for new strategies to educate consumers on moderating their EDNP food intake.
A new endoscopic technique developed by Johns Hopkins surgeon William Dooley improves breast cancer detection and reduces the need for mastectomies. The procedure uses a novel endoscope to visualize breast tissue up to 60 times normal size, allowing for earlier detection of small lesions.
Researchers have successfully transplanted neuronal stem cells into a diseased rat retina, which integrated into the eye and extended into the optic nerve. This breakthrough could lead to the development of a new therapy to restore vision in millions of people affected by retinal damage.