Researchers found that exposure to agricultural fungicide Triphenyltin (TPT) can irreversibly suppress natural killer cell function, a crucial part of the human immune system. Even after TPT is removed, these cells are unable to regain their strength.
Freedman will develop general-purpose algorithms to track objects with varied properties using conventional cameras and MRIs. His work aims to improve surveillance and MRI technology, solving current problems such as object blocking and multi-property tracking.
Hydrogel nanoparticles provide a foundation for creating self-assembled periodic structures that can transmit specific wavelengths of light. By controlling the de-swelling process, the researchers can tune the colors to one-nanometer steps over a wavelength range of more than 200 nanometers.
Researchers at the University of South Florida found that individuals with the E4 type of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene experience worse recovery of general memory function after brain injury. The study, which genotyped 110 head-injured patients, suggests common cellular responses in both traumatic brain injury and Alzheimer's disease.
A recent study by Dr. Lidija Siller from Newcastle University suggests that water might be trapped beneath the surface of Mars' south polar ice cap, a key factor in the formation of life on the planet. The research involves studying photochemical reactions in ice and has potential implications for the detection of life on Mars.
Researchers at Stanford University Medical Center have developed a novel approach to fighting cancer using a modified cold virus that targets cancer cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. In a phase I study, 28 patients who received the highest dose of the virus survived for nearly a year and saw significant tumor shrinkage.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that low doses of paclitaxel and docetaxel inhibit the growth of endothelial cells, leading to smaller tumors. The study suggests that oral versions of these drugs could be effective in treating cancer with chronic, low dose concentrations.
Rice chemists create polyfullerenes by joining C-60 molecules in polymer chains and planes, making them more stable than organic polymers. Fluorination of these polyfullerenes enables the creation of dozens of 'designer' nanotube derivatives with various side chains, making them soluble in traditional organic solvents.
The Ford Foundation grant will help researchers define problems facing social sciences, compare historical trajectories in several countries, and foster international discussion. Academically, the social sciences face challenges due to shifting emphasis on science, technology, and quantitative research methods.
Researchers have identified four chemicals that induce nerve regeneration in rat brain cells, focusing on the MAG-ganglioside interaction. The findings could lead to new treatments for spinal cord injury and multiple sclerosis, but caution is needed due to the complexity of human neural systems.
ChemGenex researchers used chemical genomics to identify molecular targets for Quinamed(TM) and predict anti-angiogenic properties for Ceflatonin(TM). These methods allowed the company to streamline drug discovery and validation, as well as identify potential side effects.
Researchers at Newcastle University are developing asynchronous systems that work well in labs and have potential for commercial use. These designs could overcome limitations imposed by traditional clocks on computer performance.
A new analysis tool developed by a University of Illinois researcher can help manufacturers determine the optimal price for combination vaccines. The tool considers various factors such as vaccine costs, individual and societal benefits, and consumer willingness to pay. By balancing these concerns, it aims to prevent overpayment by gov...
Researchers at Penn State Energy Institute have developed a new process for removing organic sulfur from hydrocarbon fuels using low-temperature and pressure methods. The SARS process selectively adsorbs sulfur on metal species without affecting aromatic compounds.
The grant will allow Rush to increase awareness among African-American men aged 50+, who are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer. The organization plans to conduct free screenings and refer patients to local doctors or Rush after diagnosis.
Dr. Larysa Pevny, a UNC neuroscientist, has received a $1 million federal grant to study the genetics of neural stem cells and their potential in developing transplantation therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Her research aims to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating neural stem cell differentiation.
A cognitive psychologist at Brookhaven Lab provides guidance on designing voting systems that minimize human error and facilitate accurate understanding. The expert's recommendations include organizing information in a consistent manner, providing clear instructions, and allowing voters to control the pace of their use.
Researchers developed a model predicting link distributions in web communities, revealing varying degrees of competition dominance across groups. The study may have implications for e-tailers and online commerce, with potential advantages for early adopters.
A study suggests that a high intake of DHA may reduce the risk of postpartum depression. Babies who receive sufficient levels of DHA also benefit from improved neurological development. The American Chemical Society research aims to raise awareness about the importance of nutrition for mothers and their babies.
A new vaccine targeting ticks' gut wall could significantly reduce their fertility and larval survival, decreasing the risk of diseases like Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. The development comes as tick-borne diseases are increasing in the UK and becoming more prevalent globally.
A new ultrasound technique called Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging can detect and characterize breast abnormalities that are deeper and smaller than previously thought. The method uses high-frequency sound pulses to 'feel' the tissues, revealing differences in stiffness and mechanical properties.
Virginia Tech researchers are attaching DNA base pairs to polymer chain ends to create new materials with improved association, leading to stronger and reversible adhesives. The study explores how base pairs influence polymer structure, properties, and flow, paving the way for unique structures and applications.
Researchers at Virginia Tech are developing 'bursting' polymer molecules that can change their architecture in response to stimuli, offering potential solutions for drug delivery and novel wound dressings. The breakthroughs are driven by responsive groups on the ends of the polymer chain.
The American Chemical Society is examining scientific connections between the US and Cuba, with a focus on fostering Cuban-American research partnerships. Cubans and scientists with Cuban connections will discuss topics such as chemical education and nanotechnology.
Researchers investigate subtle cognitive changes and brain asymmetry as potential precursors to Alzheimer's Disease, using neuropsychological tests to track changes in cognition over time. The studies aim to identify individuals at high risk of developing the disease, enabling earlier intervention and minimizing brain damage.
Computers can now simulate complex molecular reactions with larger molecule sizes, expanding the capabilities of quantum chemistry. Researchers aim to reduce computation time without losing accuracy.
A study found that participants with Alzheimer's disease showed greater discrepancies in cognitive skills, particularly in visual and verbal tests. The research suggests that non-invasive cognitive tests could detect early signs of the disease.
Researchers Kun Yan Zhu and Jian-Rong Gao found that greenbugs with resistance develop a higher rate of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme, requiring more insecticide to kill. This breakthrough may lead to better pest control methods by monitoring resistance in individual fields.
A University of Pittsburgh Medical Center study reveals that the protein cdc42 plays a crucial role in suppressing dendritic cell activity in cancer. The findings provide a new direction for therapeutic molecular immunopathology and may lead to the development of highly efficient vaccines for cancer therapy.
Researchers at Virginia Tech have successfully synthesized a higher molecular weight polymer, which promises to create stronger materials. The new end groups and synthesis of the monomer could lead to improved mechanical properties, including increased elongation and stretchiness.
Scientists have measured the constants describing self-assembly in the creation of a supramolecular assembly that can potentially important to the processing of many novel materials. Pseudorotaxanes are chemical compounds containing non-covalent linkages, and researchers have explored their possibilities and applications.
Researchers discovered the brain region responsible for pattern perception, which helps humans recognize danger but also leads to superstitions. The prefrontal cortex processes information about the environment, preparing the organism to change behavior in response to patterns.
A study found that 43% of rural HIV-positive participants engage in elevated risk for transmitting their infection, often due to depression, stress, and lack of access to HIV-prevention programs. Many residents are isolated by the stigma of their illness and lack information about the dangers of unprotected sex.
A University of Florida study found a significant generation gap in beliefs about the right to die, with grandparents more likely to believe in individual choice and family members' autonomy. Women were also more likely to support family members' decisions, while strong religious views were less supportive.
The Reduced Oxygen-Breathing (ROB) device induces symptoms of hypoxia in a normal room at normal air pressures, reducing the risk of decompression sickness and pressure trauma. This cost-effective training tool will be used for periodic hypoxia familiarization training for naval aviators.
A new type of analog processor, compact and fast for image processing, has the potential to replace damaged human retinas with an artificial eye. The cellular nonlinear network (CNN) chip is integrated with a camera to produce an image processor, mimicking the functions of the retina.
Scientists at the NSLS have made significant discoveries, including the structure of anthrax's edema factor protein and a mechanism for high-temperature superconductivity. Researchers are also developing more efficient compounds to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions and creating new methods for examining protein structures.
Researchers have discovered that Australian poison frogs produce their own toxin-rich alkaloids, rather than obtaining them from food sources. This groundbreaking finding challenges the long-held assumption that vertebrates obtain these complex chemicals solely through diet.
A recent study found that glaucoma was the most common cause of blindness among Hispanics, accounting for 0.3% of the population, with open-angle glaucoma being the leading cause. The prevalence of visual impairment increased with age, with cataract and age-related macular degeneration also being significant causes.
Researchers at Penn State have developed a new coating technology using electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) that can produce high-purity rhenium components with tailored microstructure and chemistry. The process is faster, cheaper, and more precise than existing methods, with estimated cost savings of at least 50%.
Over the last 25 years, People magazine's covers have become increasingly negative, focusing on celebrities' personal problems, crimes, and deviance. Researchers found that in 1974, 51% of covers focused on career achievements, while by 1988, only 20% did so.
Researchers investigate the remarkable resilience of the mummichog fish to chronic pollution in the Elizabeth River. The study reveals that these fish have adapted through genetic changes, but this comes at a cost, such as increased cancer risk and reduced ability to thrive in clean environments.
Researchers at the University of Illinois are making significant strides in nanotechnology, developing chemical and biological sensors that will be far more sensitive, selective, and cost-effective. They are also creating advanced materials, structures, and devices for various electronic and photonic applications.
Researchers at Princess Margaret Hospital's Ontario Cancer Institute have identified the IRAK-4 gene as a key regulator of the immune response. Deleting this gene from test mice effectively tamed their inflammatory response and prevented septic shock, highlighting its potential as a target for future treatment.
A new study found that PET scans can reduce unnecessary colorectal surgeries by detecting disease earlier than other imaging modalities. The study analyzed 96 patients and found that PET scans led to active treatment for 12% of them, while conventional imaging indicated rising cancer markers in 10 cases.
In a three-month study, ARICEPT significantly improved cognition and daily living skills compared to Reminyl. The treatment was better tolerated by patients taking ARICEPT, with fewer gastrointestinal adverse events.
Yeung's contribution to the Humane Genome Project in the early 1990s helped turn it into a complete database in less than 10 years. He developed methods to miniaturize capillary electrophoresis, allowing for faster identification speeds and higher electric fields.
A second-stage HIV vaccine trial has started in London and Oxford, recruiting 120 volunteers to assess the vaccine's safety and dosage. The trial aims to establish optimum vaccination schedules and booster injections to prevent HIV infection.
Argonne chemist Thurnauer has made a laboratory version of an energy 'pump' that keeps negatively charged electrons away from positively charged holes. This technology could be used to chemically neutralize toxic compounds, such as hazardous waste, through controlled electron movement.
Researchers found that talking daily with children about their school activities can significantly improve reading and math scores. The study also highlights the importance of fathers' roles in education, suggesting that more involvement can help overcome barriers such as limited resources and cultural differences.
Researchers from the University of Washington and China have sequenced the genetic code for rice, revealing it may have more genes than humans. The complete genome sequence is now available to the public, providing valuable information for scientific research and potentially leading to improved crop yields.
Tucson chemist Ralph Hruby has received a national award for his research on peptides that affect human behavior and addictions. His work on alpha-MSH has shown that small changes in the hormone's structure can lead to significant effects on behavior, including appetite regulation.
An international team of researchers analyzed data from the Michelson Doppler Imager instrument to detect variations in the Sun's interior rotation, which appear to be connected to the 11-year cycle of magnetic activity. The study provides new insights into the solar dynamo and its impact on the Sun's colossal magnetic field behavior.
Thomas C. Werner, a chemistry professor at Union College, has won the 2002 Award for Research at an Undergraduate Institution from the American Chemical Society. He uses undergraduate students as assistants in his research on cyclodextrins and their applications in chemical sensors.
Dai and his team have developed a system to control the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, enabling their use in sensing technologies. One type of nanotube structure shows promise as a sensor for detecting nitrogen dioxide, a common pollutant in vehicle exhaust.
A Los Angeles chemist has won a national award for his groundbreaking research on thin films, specifically monolayers. His technique allows scientists to study these structures at the atomic level, which can lead to breakthroughs in fields like cell membranes and respiration.
T. Don Tilley receives the 2002 Award in Organometallic Chemistry for developing new ways to make chemicals, including flexible semiconductors and reactive building blocks. His research aims to improve semiconductor materials and create new properties through polysilene technology.
Pooled data from two randomised trials show that off-pump surgery substantially reduced in-hospital complications compared to on-pump surgery. The need for blood transfusions was significantly lower, with a reduction of 33%.
Lester, a renowned chemist from Salem, Virginia, has won the ACS E.V. Murphree Award in Industrial and Engineering Chemistry for his pioneering contributions to catalytic converter technology. This innovation has significantly reduced pollutants in automobile exhaust by 99 percent since 1975.
Thomas B. Rauchfuss's research focuses on metal sulfides that act as catalysts, taking sulfur out of oil and coal to reduce acid rain. His work aims to improve the efficiency and understanding of these catalysts to create cleaner fuels.