A study by Brian Wansink found that the shape of a beverage glass can alter how much people pour and drink, with taller glasses leading to overconsumption. In three experiments involving teenagers, adults, and bartenders, Wansink discovered that participants consistently underestimated the volume of liquids in shorter, wider glasses.
Researchers observed walruses using four different foraging techniques: beating their right flipper, left flipper, water-jet from their mouth, and rooting through sediment with their muzzle. They found that 66% of the time they used their right flipper, and this preference was consistent in skeletons analyzed.
Researchers studied 342,300 chronically ill veterans to track health care and survival between 1994-1998. Patient survival rates remained largely unchanged, while hospital stays fell by 50% and outpatient care increased moderately.
Scientists discovered that specific DNA damages cause transcriptional mutagenesis (TM) in non-dividing cells, leading to mutant protein creation. TM can contribute to neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and aging by causing faulty proteins to be produced during normal cellular processes.
UMHS researchers found poor bone quality in rats with high-dose radiation, suggesting new therapies to improve human treatment. The study uses a rat model to analyze the success and failure of distraction osteogenesis in irradiated cancer patients.
Case Western Reserve University scientists identified a protein called clusterin that can signal cell distress and detect cancer. A simple blood test could potentially identify abnormal clusterin levels, indicating the presence of cancer.
Researchers from MGH and Paradigm Therapeutics have identified the GPR54 gene as a key trigger of the hormonal cascade required for mammalian reproduction. The discovery could lead to new treatments for infertility and abnormal puberty, among other applications.
A new study suggests that propranolol can reduce the incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma victims if administered promptly. The medication, commonly used to treat anxiety and high blood pressure, was found to decrease PTSD symptoms by half compared to those who did not receive it.
Researchers found that Hedgehog's signal is required for cancer growth in the digestive tract. A plant-derived chemical called cyclopamine blocked this signal, killing tumors in mice without harm.
Researchers use multiphoton microscopy to watch cell membranes reshaping themselves into two-dimensional liquid phases, or 'rafts', and find that thermal energies influence membrane geometries. The study provides new insights into the functions of cell membranes and their importance to human health.
A University of Michigan study found that women prefer men who are dominant and promiscuous (cads) for short-term relationships, but kind and monogamous (dads) for long-term ones. The 'sexy son hypothesis' suggests that this preference may be evolutionary in nature.
Researchers studied neurons in the olfactory bulb and found that they only undergo subtle changes in response to environmental stimuli. These findings challenge previous theories of brain rewiring and may offer insights into disorders such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at the Stowers Institute have identified a key component of the hematopoietic stem cell niche, which supports their self-renewal and production of blood cells. The study found that interrupting a specific signaling pathway can increase the size of the niche and the number of stem cells produced.
The project aims to develop new solutions to major wireless communications problems using advanced devices and software. Professor Dirk Grunwald of the University of Colorado at Boulder leads the networking component, focusing on building a new kind of wireless network that leverages radio-level decisions for efficient communication.
Researchers at the University of Rochester Medical Center have identified a key role for bone-forming osteoblasts in controlling the expansion of blood-forming stem cells. The discovery could lead to new treatments for bone marrow-transplant patients, who often face challenges due to limited stem cell availability.
A team of scientists from the University of Wisconsin-Madison has made a breakthrough in resolving the evolutionary tree using new genomic-scale data. By analyzing eight yeast species, they found that combining more than 100 genes provides an unprecedented level of resolution, overcoming previous limitations.
Researchers have developed a technology that can detect chemical contaminants in saliva, enabling rapid diagnosis of pesticide exposure and potential nerve gas poisoning. The innovation could be used to monitor farm workers and diagnose accidents or terrorist attacks.
Research suggests that men and women who experience an increase in hostile feelings from late teens to late 40s may double their risk of obesity, depression and poor social support. The study also found that hostility levels in college can predict unhealthy behaviors up to 30 years later.
Lexiva demonstrated durable anti-viral response through 48 weeks, significantly less grade 2-4 drug-related diarrhea than nelfinavir. In PI-experienced patients, Lexiva/r showed fewer nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations after virologic failure compared to lopinavir/ritonavir.
Researchers at Kansas State University have been chosen to sequence the red flour beetle's genome as part of a multimillion-dollar project. This will enable new experimental approaches and strategies for controlling harmful insects.
A 10-year study found high doses of radiation improved outcomes for patients with localized prostate cancer, regardless of risk group. Minimal side effects were observed despite higher radiation doses.
A study of 1,204 men treated with radiation therapy found that hormone therapy significantly increases the risk of moderate to severe genitorurinary and gastrointestinal side effects. Hormone therapy can extend lives but complicates treatment decision-making.
A six-month study found that eszopiclone significantly improved patients' ability to fall asleep, stay asleep, and function well during the day. The results suggest eszopiclone has potential as a long-term treatment option for chronic insomnia.
Researchers identified a single gene, glutathione S-transferase omega-1 (GSTO1), as a key factor influencing the age of onset for both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. The study used genomic convergence to narrow down the genome region associated with age at onset, providing potential new targets for treatment.
A recent NHLBI study found that hostility and impatience are associated with a higher risk of developing high blood pressure. The study, which followed over 3,000 young adults for 15 years, found that those who exhibited higher levels of time urgency and hostility had an increased risk of developing hypertension.
Researchers found that while black and white Americans have the same amount of early kidney disease, black patients are five times more likely to progress to end-stage renal disease. This disparity may be due to differences in blood pressure control, quality of care, and access to healthcare.
Researchers at the Beckman Laser Institute are developing a laser-based technology to detect and analyze tumors, providing detailed information on blood, fat, and water composition. The center aims to transform this cutting-edge science into a versatile tool for cancer research.
Researchers used computer-assisted MRI technology to visualize gray matter structures in the brain of MS patients, finding T2 hypointensity associated with iron deposits. The study found correlations between T2 hypointensity and impaired walking ability and cognitive impairment, suggesting a new potential target for treatment.
Researchers have discovered that smaller protein structures called protofibrils are more toxic to cells than mature fibrils in type II diabetes and other age-related diseases. The study suggests that targeting earlier stages of protofibril formation may be a more effective approach to developing treatments.
A recent study found that whole-breast irradiation after lumpectomy significantly reduces the risk of recurrence in other parts of the breast. The use of tamoxifen in addition to radiation was associated with the lowest risk of recurrence.
The Florida Sea Grant is supporting research to develop more efficient methods for raising marine ornamental fish, such as angelfish and anemonefish. This focus on sustainable aquaculture aims to reduce the industry's impact on coral reefs and promote environmentally friendly practices.
Gefinitib, a designer drug targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor, has shown efficacy in treating advanced non-small cell lung cancer. In a phase II clinical trial, 43% of patients experienced symptom improvement and 12% showed partial radiographic responses.
A nationwide initiative aims to support nursing staff in quitting smoking, with $100 free services and partnerships with organizations. The program seeks to expand nursing leadership in tobacco control, addressing a long-standing barrier in the profession.
Two UCSD scientists, Bing Ren and Xiang-Dong Fu, receive NIH funding to investigate the human genome. Their projects aim to develop new technologies for mapping transcriptional regulatory elements and identifying functional DNA elements.
Researchers have developed doped liquid crystals that allow for real-time holography with significantly improved optical properties. These materials can be used in various applications, including focusing optical telescopes and creating real-time holographic movies, due to their high sensitivity to light.
A recent investigation found that a Texas salvage store was the source of a foodborne botulism outbreak. Food safety experts advise customers to inspect packaging for signs of decay and spoilage, as well as to maintain standards of health when shopping at any facility.
A UCLA study found 54 genes produced differently in male and female mouse brains prior to hormonal influence, suggesting genetic influences on sexual differences. The research may help explain why people feel male or female and inform the development of treatments for intersex infants.
A study by Pollack and colleagues finds that a high Ki-67 biomarker is linked to increased risk of distant metastasis and death in prostate cancer patients. The researchers also suggest that Ki-67 can help identify high-risk patients who may benefit from alternative treatment strategies.
A recent study found that practice type and patient race are significant predictors of enrollment in clinical trials. Academic settings and white patients showed higher rates of trial participation, while non-academic sites and African-Americans had lower rates.
Operations researchers at Delta Air Lines used simulations to optimize boarding processes, resulting in a 25% reduction in aircraft turnaround time. The study's findings suggest improved utilization and increased convenience for passengers.
A study published in JAMA compared screening mammography performance in the US and UK among similar aged women, analyzing 5.5 million mammograms. Despite lower recall rates in the UK, both countries showed similar cancer detection rates, but US women experience more anxiety and false-positive scares.
Researchers at University of Kalyani discovered that homeopathic remedy Arsenicum Album can reduce liver damage in mice with arsenic poisoning. The treatment showed positive effects in both low and high doses, suggesting its potential to address the global health issue of arsenic contamination.
Dr. Parada, a renowned researcher, receives the American Cancer Society's Research Professorship award for his work on brain cancers and nerve growth. The five-year award provides flexible funding to enhance visibility of cancer research at UT Southwestern.
Researchers at MIT developed a device that reduces nitrogen oxide emissions by up to 90% and halves the fuel needed for removal. The plasmatron reformer could lead to increased gasoline engine efficiency and significant oil consumption savings.
The study assesses the impact of integrated care management systems on Medicare patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It examines patient outcomes, including hospitalization rates, mortality, satisfaction, and quality of life, across two distinct payment models: capitation and fee-for-service.
The University of Minnesota has received a grant to sequence the complete genome of Arthrobacter aurescens, a soil bacterium that can break down environmental pollutants. The project aims to gain tools, such as genes and enzymes, to clean up contaminated environments.
The study found statistically significant increases in mortality rates for A-bomb survivors due to radiation exposure, particularly heart disease, digestive diseases, and respiratory diseases. The cohort of over 86,000 people showed a strong correlation between dose estimates and increased risk of noncancer mortality.
A new combination treatment using arsenic trioxide and radiation has shown promising results in treating glioblastoma, a previously incurable form of brain cancer. The study found that exposing glioblastoma cells to radiation within two hours of receiving a dose of arsenic trioxide amplified the effects of radiation treatment on its own.
A new study by Georgetown University Medical Center researchers found that low-dose CT screenings can accelerate smoking cessation rates by 14%, significantly higher than the national average. This promising finding suggests it's never too late to treat nicotine dependence, and further research may lead to more effective interventions.
A three-year study of 4,122 women from diverse backgrounds found that age, confidence, and social connections play significant roles in exercise behavior. However, unexpected factors such as family size and religious attendance also influenced physical activity levels.
Researchers at Imperial College London have developed a novel flu treatment that can eliminate symptoms by targeting the overactive immune response. The treatment, which works by selectively reducing the response of active T white blood cells, has shown promising results in mice and may offer new hope for pandemic prevention.
A new model of cancer development suggests that Id1 activation may be crucial for tumor growth, contradicting previous research. The study, which used mice exposed to carcinogens, found that tumors developed faster in mice without the Id1 gene.
A six-year study of MRSA in California jails found that two dominant S. aureus clonal groups, ST30:Z and ST8:S, drove the expansion in resistance, gaining multi-drug resistance over time. The study highlights the need to track the spread of individual strains using techniques like PFGE and MLST.
A study tested the ASTRO consensus definition of biochemical failure after combined radiation treatment and hormone therapy, finding it may not accurately predict future disease progression. The study suggests that approximately 20-30% of patients will experience biochemical failure but not continued rises in PSA levels
Brain cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy are at risk of life-threatening infections due to suppressed immune systems. Researchers found that monitoring immune cell counts and administering prophylactic antibiotics can prevent these side effects, with no patient developing pneumonia or other serious infections in the study.
High doses of radiation therapy directed at the prostate significantly impact cancer control in high-risk patients. The major site of treatment failure is the prostate, highlighting the importance of high doses in this group.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory found that rats can rapidly and accurately discriminate odors with just one sniff. The study, led by Zach Mainen, reveals vital new information about how the human brain processes information and guides behavior, suggesting that smell is a fast sense rather than a slow one.
Researchers identified 25 genes involved in termite caste development, including muscle function and cellulase production. Treatment with juvenile hormone can convert worker termites into soldiers, potentially leading to colony decimation.
A study by USC researchers found that engaging in leisure activities can lower the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Among female twin pairs, those who participated frequently in intellectually stimulating activities showed a reduced risk of Alzheimer's. The research controlled for genetics and early life experiences.
Researchers analyzed a large dataset of prostate cancer patients treated with radiation therapy alone. The study examined multiple definitions of biochemical control and found three alternate definitions that offered more accurate predictions of treatment failure.