Researchers found that exposure to polluted coastal waters increased the risk of fever, stomach pain, and other symptoms in surfers. The study, which surveyed 1,873 participants at two California beaches, highlighted the importance of reducing pollutants discharged onto public beaches.
Researchers have discovered that the breakdown of mineral serpentine can trigger earthquakes in Earth's deeply buried crust. At pressures above a few tens of kilometers, scientists expected faulting instability only if volume change during serpentine breakdown was positive. However, experiments have shown that even with a strongly nega...
The US is likely to see an increase in West Nile virus cases in California this year, thanks to a combination of mosquito population, agricultural methods, and bird migration patterns. The state's diverse geography and climate will also contribute to the spread of the disease.
New Jersey Institute of Technology chemists create a cheap, usable field test for detecting pollutants in water, air, and food. The test uses nanotechnology to concentrate materials and identify trace pollutants, paving the way for lab-on-a-chip devices that can be used by workers or homemaker to quickly detect toxic chemicals.
Researchers found FoxP2 gene expressed in brain regions critical for song learning, similar to human brain. The study suggests that variations in the FoxP2 gene may have contributed to the development of language in humans.
Cardiff University is introducing students to state-of-the-art software for interpreting three-dimensional seismic data, enabling deeper study of the earth's structure. The new technology has already helped identify a meteor impact crater off the Yorkshire coast and aims to reduce risk and cost in oil exploration.
American chestnut trees have shown remarkable growth potential in plantations, growing up to 77% taller and 140% wider than other forest species. Purdue researcher Doug Jacobs is developing blight-resistant hybrids to restore the tree to its historic range.
Researchers developed nanoparticles that can target and break down chlorinated organic solvents, such as trichloroethylene, in groundwater. The particles can move easily through soil pores and reach underground pockets of contamination, reducing cleanup costs and improving effectiveness.
Dr. Dean Ornish challenges the effectiveness of low-carb diets like Atkins, recommending a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. He argues that these foods enhance fullness without adding significant calories, promoting healthier weight loss options.
Researchers suggest that small molecules, known as molecular midwives, played a crucial role in the production of the first RNA-like molecules. These midwives would have worked together to form RNA by spontaneously mixing with chemical building blocks.
Researchers have uncovered three new rock art depictions of armored horses on the Purgatoire River in southeast Colorado, shedding light on the Comanche's use of horse armor. The finds are significant as they provide a unique window into Comanche history and culture, dating back to the 17th century.
PNNL scientists have found a new way to see beyond the 'diffraction limit' of optical microscopes, revealing the structure of DNA molecules. By combining FLIM with AFM techniques, they've produced sharp images of DNA and nanobeads.
Researchers at Penn State developed a new marking scheme that can identify the originator of spam, viruses, and illegal file-sharing messages with high accuracy. The approach uses border routers to mark packets with identifying numbers, allowing for efficient traceback of malicious content.
Researchers have confirmed that molecules of water can freeze together to form a perfect crystal, allowing it to be manipulated by electric fields. This discovery enhances scientists' understanding of how naturally occurring particles of ice interact with the environment, particularly in chemical reactions such as ozone depletion.
Researchers found that mice embryos lacking the ATM gene were more susceptible to DNA damage and birth defects when exposed to ionizing radiation. The study suggests that the ATM gene protects embryos from oxidative stress, and its absence may lead to increased risk of birth defects in humans.
Research papers published in Vadose Zone Journal reveal complex environmental problems at INEEL, including microorganisms and geophysical imaging. Extensive cleanup and monitoring efforts are being based on current understanding of the subsurface and associated contamination issues.
A five-year study found that high dietary intake of alpha-tocopherol, a form of vitamin E, significantly reduced the risk of developing bladder cancer. The researchers also found that gamma-tocopherol offered no protection against bladder cancer.
A study by UCSD psychologists found that when people pick a dog, they seek one that resembles them, and purebred dogs are more likely to match their owners. The researchers used randomized photo matching techniques to confirm the high incidence of resemblance between owners and purebreds, but not mixed-breeds.
A novel method of three-dimensional mathematical analysis has been developed to quantify bone characteristics of humans and great apes. The results agree with genetic analyses, providing a clear family tree that defines ancestral relationships down to the subspecies level.
The European Society for Medical Oncology survey found that stem cell transplants for breast cancer decreased from 2,629 in 1997 to 330 in 2002. The use of autologous transplants continued to rise for certain types of solid tumours, while allogenic transplants saw a slight increase, particularly for metastatic tumours.
A study found that exposure to terbutaline and chlorpyrifos in early development can lead to brain damage and increased susceptibility to pesticide injury. The combination of the two chemicals caused significant loss of brain cells and nerve cell projections, particularly in regions critical for learning and memory.
A new multi-million dollar grant from Conservation International aims to save the eastern lowland gorilla by strengthening conservation efforts in the region. The investment will increase protection of over 3 million hectares, preserving a high degree of biological richness and species endemism.
Kansas State University researchers are using geographic tools to track the spread of a highly invasive soybean aphid, which could have significant implications for national security. By analyzing data and mapping patterns, they aim to predict future outbreaks and develop an early warning system.
A new study reveals that children under 10 are at risk for sustaining multiple injuries, with boys being 10% more likely to seek medical attention than girls. The study also found that certain ages are more susceptible to specific types of injuries, such as burns and poisoning between the ages of one and three.
Researchers have discovered that the DNA copying enzyme, DNA polymerase, retains a "short-term memory" of mismatches and halts itself past the point of the mismatch. The study found that mismatch structures differ dramatically from previous indirect biochemical studies, revealing why stalling occurs.
Researchers developed a biomarker to detect HBV mutations that speed up liver cancer development. Studies found HBV mutations predicted major liver disease, including liver cancer, up to eight years before diagnosis.
Researchers found that gingival inflammation decreases during menstruation compared to ovulation and premenstruation. The hormone estradiol may play a role in this phenomenon, according to the study published by the American Academy of Periodontology.
Scientists have identified a key gene, FoxP2, that enables vocal learning in birds, which is similar to human language production. The researchers found that the gene is expressed in areas of the brain responsible for song production and learning, and its expression levels increase during times of song learning.
Researchers studied fruitfly embryos to understand how specific cells change shape during gastrulation, a critical growth step in development. They found that many types of proteins are involved and that changes occur well before the cells actually transform.
Guohua Yang and Gang-yu Liu used scanning tunneling microscopy to study the behavior of thiols on gold surfaces, revealing up to 15 different structural phases. These findings shed light on the interaction between thiol molecules and the gold surface, potentially enabling the creation of patterns with other molecules.
A new study published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine found that taking patients off thyroid medication for only two weeks prior to a scan produces the desired changes in nearly 90% of patients. This simplified approach reduces the need for six-week follow-up scans, making it easier and quicker for patients.
Researchers discovered that Nembutal suppresses colon cancer metastasis and improves post-radiation brain function. Additionally, erythropoietin was found to protect cognitive function after whole brain irradiation, while a new vitamin B12 molecule targets tumor cells.
The symposium will focus on challenges in herb research, including the development of a valid test for herbal supplements and discussions on health benefits and quality issues. Experts will share their knowledge on polyphenols, regenerative properties of Chinese herbs, and quality problems with plant products.
Researchers have developed a new biological sensor platform that uses phospholipids to detect specific ions and molecules in real-time. The sensors can safely hold water-soluble dyes and enzymes, allowing for detailed analysis of cellular chemistry.
Researchers found that early exposure to environmental toxins reprograms the uterus to promote tumor growth in genetically susceptible rats. This new model of gene-environment interaction may explain why some people develop cancer while others don't, especially considering inherited BRCA1 mutations.
A Cardiff University team is designing and planning infrastructure for a pan-European wireless broadband network to provide affordable universal broadband access. The project aims to deliver low-cost services with negligible environmental impact, benefiting both citizens and businesses.
The 'one-step' chain growth method enables the design and synthesis of various highly conductive polymers. Regioregular polythiophenes can be formed into nanowire sheets or create a plethora of new conducting polymers by varying the chemical cap. This research has significant implications for applications in devices like transistors.
Researchers successfully treated 21 small breast cancers with RF ablation, destroying malignant tissue with no adverse effects. However, surrounding tissue was not removed, limiting the procedure's effectiveness as a standalone treatment.
Amanda Rudisin, a Virginia Tech undergraduate, has developed polymers that can transport DNA across cell membranes. Her research found that linear and branched molecules have varying effects on complexation with DNA.
Research highlights the potential risks of high-protein diets, parental happiness impacting birth weight, and frequent medical errors in family physician offices. Simple dietary restrictions may reduce mortality risk associated with high transferrin saturation, while maternal report of partner happiness can predict birth weight.
A recent study published in PNAS found that single cocaine exposure can increase both morphine preference and kappa-opioid receptor agonist aversion in rats. This suggests the existence of opposing brain circuits involved in drug craving and avoidance, with potential implications for treating addiction by modulating these pathways.
A synthetic compound called ISO-1 appears to work by blocking inflammation and protecting mice from developing type 1 diabetes. The researchers believe it could be developed into an oral drug that provides long-lasting protection for young people.
Researchers have developed a novel approach to modify alpha globin, potentially providing more effective treatments for sickle cell disease. Genetically engineered mice with the disease showed improved blood counts and extended lifespan after producing zeta globin.
Lunar experts from the University of Arizona will testify about the benefits and challenges of an extended human presence for scientific exploration and mining. The hearing will focus on using water as a resource for propulsion, life support, and fueling return trips to Earth.
Researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology discover a way to boost the efficiency of polymer organic light-emitting diodes by biasing spin statistics. The new method could lead to more efficient devices with an increased percentage of light-emitting singlets.
Virginia Tech researchers are creating biocompatible adhesives that can be activated with light to mend vascular tissue. The novel polymer has been shown to have promising properties for laser-assisted vascular repair, potentially speeding up the healing process and reducing complications.
Scientists studying an Antarctic 'cod' are gaining insights into how its unique physiology helps it survive in icy waters. By understanding how the fish adapts to environmental change, researchers hope to develop new treatments for human heart conditions.
A new transcript-based cloning technique enables scientists to identify specific genes in a matter of months, reducing the process from years. The technique was used to isolate and identify a gene in Medicago truncatula that plays a crucial role in nitrogen fixation.
Scientists at Fox Chase Cancer Center successfully extracted high-quality RNA from archived tissue samples using the Paradise Reagent System. This innovation allows researchers to identify genetic changes in cancer that span years, enabling personalized therapy.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison have developed a new storage method that increases stem cell survival rates by over 20 times, allowing for more efficient and reliable research. The technique uses a gel matrix with trehalose to protect cells from freezing and thawing damage.
Jefferson researchers have discovered a unique genetic signature for colon stem cells, which could lead to a better understanding of colon cancer development. The study found that specific genes are selectively expressed in the bottom of crypts, where stem cells reside.
A UCLA study finds that FoxP1 and FoxP2 genes shared by humans and songbirds may play a critical role in human speech and speech disorders. The study suggests that understanding these genes could lead to new medications for speech disorders.
OneWorld Health plans to launch a network of volunteer pharmaceutical scientists to develop treatments for diseases like visceral leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, and malaria. The initiative aims to harness the expertise of industry professionals to address global health disparities.
Researchers at the Eleanor Roosevelt Institute have patented a new treatment for type II diabetes, focusing on regulating insulin resistance by manipulating melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) levels. The approach has shown promise in genetically engineered mice and may offer a new direction in understanding and treating the disease.
Dr. Blossom A. Damania has been awarded the $50,000 Gertrude B. Elion Cancer Research Award for her research on tumor virology and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). This award recognizes her groundbreaking work in deciphering how the virus can transform cells into malignancies.
Researchers are developing bacterial cellulose-based products for various uses, including artificial blood vessels for microsurgery, electronic paper displays, and bioengineered wound dressings. These innovative materials have the potential to improve healing rates, reduce pain, and enhance medical outcomes.
Researchers fabricate polymer 'nanobrushes' and other 'smart' molecules with potential uses in analyzing individual cell proteins and detecting chemicals. The molecular dimensions of these nanostructures allow for scalable chemistry and could enable tiny ELP arrays to screen protein contents.
Researchers have found that Nembutal, a sedative, can suppress the growth of colon cancer cells by inhibiting gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors. The study suggests a novel approach to treating cancers with neurotransmitter receptors on their surfaces.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that providing young women with emergency contraceptive pills at home did not lead to an increase in unprotected sex or inconsistent contraceptive use. Instead, the study showed a corresponding increase in condom use among those who received the pills.
A new shape-search system developed by Purdue engineers allows employees to search huge industry databases using sketches of parts or selecting similar-shaped parts. The system reduces design time by up to 80% by indexing parts based on their geometry and features, providing valuable background information about part production costs.