Researchers have found that dental pulp cells can provide support and survival for nerve cells affected in Parkinson's disease, potentially leading to a new cell-based therapy. The study suggests that these cells produce beneficial 'neurotrophic' factors, promoting nerve cell survival.
Researchers found a novel genetic insertion associated with increased MCL-1 gene expression, leading to reduced response to chemotherapy and poorer outcomes. This discovery provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) progression.
A study found that marijuana use disorders increased significantly between 1991-1992 and 2001-2002, especially among young black and Hispanic men. The increased potency of marijuana is thought to be a contributing factor.
A study at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital found that PACS implementation led to a 39% increase in work-related relative value units (WRVU) per radiologist, indicating improved productivity. Staffing remained the same despite increased patient volume, suggesting efficient use of PACS can handle growth without adding staff.
A study found that women with core breast biopsy results showing minimal abnormal cells were still at risk of having cancer when surgical excision was performed. The study suggests that these women should undergo surgical excision to ensure accurate cancer detection.
Researchers report first clinical experience of preimplantation HLA matching, demonstrating feasibility for stem cell transplantation in siblings with bone marrow failure. The study involved nine couples with children affected by blood disorders and resulted in five healthy children who were HLA-matched to their affected siblings.
The NIAID-licensed rotavirus vaccine has been developed to combat severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. The vaccine has shown promise in reducing the number of deaths caused by rotavirus infections, particularly in developing countries where access to effective treatments is limited.
A retrospective study of 249 children with ALL found that most chromosome abnormalities had little impact on prognosis, except for those involving the loss of chromosomes 7 and 9. In these cases, only 15% remained disease-free five years after treatment.
A large-scale national trial led by Duke University Medical Center researchers found that exercising reduced the risk of death and non-fatal heart attacks in heart attack patients who were depressed or socially isolated. The study followed 2,078 patients and compared their outcomes to those who did not exercise.
A nationwide sample of children with asthma found that 13% of parents still smoke, triggering year-round symptoms. Pediatricians should counsel parents on quitting to improve their children's health.
Researchers at UCLA successfully deliver gene therapy agents directly into tumor cells with minimal complications, improving effectiveness and reducing side effects of existing treatments. The study demonstrates the feasibility and safety of CT-guided injection for gene therapy delivery.
The US task force recommends targeted screening of healthy women over 70 with mammography and Pap tests, as there is limited evidence to support universal screening for lung cancer. Meanwhile, a study reveals that managing drug care for older adults requires improvement, with failures in educating patients on medication use and underus...
Between 1988 and 2000, New York State's HIV prevalence among childbearing women decreased steadily, with a 49% decrease in NYC and a 24% decline statewide. This decline was largely attributed to the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy and targeted efforts aimed at minority populations.
MRI is a safe imaging option for pregnant patients, as it uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses instead of ionizing radiation. The study found MRI accurately depicted several disease processes, including appendicitis and uterine fibroids.
The Case CFAR, located in the Midwest, has been renewed with an $8 million NIH award for a five-year period. This renewal recognizes the center's strong AIDS research program and its collaboration with local and international institutions.
Researchers found that intact eye movements are necessary for reflexive attention development. Voluntary orientation works even with impaired eyesight.
A study published in Journal of Biology reveals that young dolphins adopt an ideal position to get a 'free ride' in their mother's slipstream, reducing energy required for swimming. This drafting phenomenon helps the calf stay with its mother, but can be disrupted by fishing vessels, potentially impacting dolphin populations.
A clinical trial of 370 patients found that Pfizer's VFEND was as effective as the two-drug standard of amphotericin B and fluconazole in treating Candidemia. The treatment successfully cleared Candida from the blood, with a response rate of 41% at 12 weeks.
A recent study of 413 pediatric knee MRI exams found that bone bruises in adolescents frequently occur without accompanying injuries to the menisci, ligaments, or cartilage. This discovery could lead to more conservative treatment approaches and reduced anxiety for patients and families.
A study found that adopting the 12-step philosophy and behaviors significantly enhanced drug counseling outcomes for cocaine addiction. Changing beliefs about addiction was more highly correlated with reduced drug use than adopting the 12-step philosophy.
Researchers have identified a new protein target for a universal childhood malaria vaccine, which causes infected red blood cells to stick inside blood vessels. This protein is expressed on the surface of red blood cells during severe childhood malaria but not during adult infections, making it an ideal candidate for vaccination.
The NIST quantum key distribution system generates a verifiably secret key at a rate of 1 million bits per second, about 100 times faster than previously reported systems. The system uses time-stamping and high-speed observations to identify photons from the sender among multiple photons from other sources.
The study found that school-based provision of inhaled corticosteroids resulted in fewer missed days of school and more symptom-free days for urban children. However, the program had limited effectiveness among those exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes.
A new clinical syndrome has been discovered that leads to severe osteoarthritis, characterized by cartilage breakdown and the presence of specific FRZB gene mutations. The study sheds light on the genetic mechanisms underlying this complex disease, with potential implications for treatment and prevention.
A study of over 1,900 mothers and their infants found that frequent spanking was a risk factor for behavior problems in white, non-Hispanic children. The researchers suggest that the broader family context surrounding spanking may influence its effects on children.
A new study by Mount Sinai researchers found that exposure to WTC dust increased the risk of respiratory symptoms, including cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath. Pregnant women who were near the disaster site experienced a two-fold increase in small for gestational age infants.
Researchers at Dartmouth Medical School have developed a new breast imaging technique using electrical impedance, microwave imaging, and near-infrared spectroscopy. The method can identify specific breast characteristics that differ in normal and diseased tissue, potentially leading to early detection of breast cancer.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center have discovered a molecular mechanism that enhances the ability of stem cells to fight disease. By blocking the function of p18, a molecule critical for cell cycle control, scientists found improved long-term engraftment of stem cells in bone marrow tissue.
A study found that bupropion significantly reduced daily cigarette smoke among adolescents with ADHD, leading to lower carbon monoxide levels. No change was noted in ADHD symptom scores.
A study found that lifetime exposure to adversity is associated with an increased risk of developing depressive or anxiety disorders in young adults. The researchers analyzed data from 1,803 interviews and found that the level of adversity was a significant predictor of these disorders.
Researchers have identified a key antigen underlying Crohn disease, bacterial flagellin, which triggers an immune response. Studies found high reactivity against specific flagellins in CD patients, but not in controls or ulcerative colitis patients, providing new leads for causal antigens.
Researchers used MR spectroscopy to analyze 27 patients with previously treated brain tumors and found that Choline, Creatine, and N-acetylaspartate were detectable markers for tumor identification. Early detection can lead to timely treatment and prevent unnecessary therapy.
Scientists successfully deleted primary afferent neurons expressing vanilloid receptor 1, leading to potential breakthroughs in pain management. The study aims to provide new avenues for treating chronic pain by targeting the TRPV1 receptor.
Scientists use NASA satellites and balloon-borne sensors to track the movement of a pollution train traveling from the Indian Ocean to the South Atlantic. The study reveals that Asian pollution can flow southward, get caught up in clouds, and reach as far as Brazil.
Wavefront-guided LASIK yields sharper and higher quality vision, as well as improved night driving abilities compared to conventional LASIK. With wavefront-guided LASIK, patients achieve 97% of 20/20 vision and 85% with 20/16 vision, significantly outperforming conventional LASIK.
Researchers found that combining counseling with baclofen reduced cocaine use in chronic users, suggesting a potential treatment for cocaine dependence. The medication targets dopamine release in the brain, reducing cravings.
Researchers developed a new technique to selectively delete C-fiber neurons, which transmit chronic pain signals, using the drug resiniferatoxin. In animal studies, this approach reduced pain and improved behavior without side effects.
Researchers have developed a technique called 2D CSI MRS that uses chemical signatures to distinguish between tumor recurrence, normal tissue, and treatment-related changes in the brain. This method has shown significant differences in chemical ratios for recurrent tumors versus treatment-altered tissue.
A study found that caffeine consumption is associated with increased systolic blood pressure in adolescents, particularly those who consume more than 100mg of caffeine per day. The researchers suggest that high caffeine intakes may be a marker for unhealthy dietary and lifestyle practices that increase the risk of hypertension.
A study found that SMASH imaging decreases examination time by more than eight minutes per knee examination, leading to better patient tolerance and image quality. This technique is expected to impact other areas of musculoskeletal imaging with the right coil.
A study published in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery found that elastic nails allow children to regain mobility and resume normal daily activities more quickly, reducing treatment time by half. Children treated with elastic nails missed about half the amount of school compared to those in casts.
A recent study by the University of California - San Francisco found that healthy older women are more likely to be screened for cancer, while those in poor health are less likely. The study analyzed data from over 4,700 women aged 70 and above, revealing a significant gap in screening rates among healthy versus unhealthy individuals.
A NIH study found that combination therapy of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy improved treatment adherence and reduced depression in injection drug users. The study showed nearly 40% of participants fully adherent to treatment were in remission, compared to 12% without treatment.
A University of Michigan study found that most prostate cancer treatment guides overlook key details and favor active treatment over watchful waiting. The researchers recommend complete information on risks and benefits, clear writing styles, and visual elements to engage readers.
Researchers found that an enzyme called superoxide dismutase helps prevent inflammation and promotes lung development in premature infants. This discovery could lead to improved treatments to alleviate chronic lung disease and preserve lung function.
Researchers found that NKT cells are attracted to tumors producing the chemokine CCL2, leading to better patient outcomes. Neuroblastomas with abnormally high levels of the cancer-causing gene MYCN contained fewer NKT cells and produced less CCL2.
Adolescents with co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders are at higher risk of attempting suicide. The study found that males with hallucinogen or sedative-hypnotic use disorders were more likely to attempt suicide, while females with conduct disorders were at higher risk.
Research suggests that motivational interviewing may not be effective in reducing drug use behaviors, as individuals often resist weaker language during assessment feedback. Therapists should modify their techniques to avoid undermining existing motivation for behavior change.
Researchers found that bacterial proteins are destroyed by the proteasome within the cytosol during infection, activating the immune system. Bacteria like Listeria avoid recognition by moving within the cytosol, preventing immune activation.
A study published in Nicotine and Tobacco Research found that bupropion was an effective treatment for women who smoked lightly. Women receiving bupropion were twice as likely to remain abstinent from smoking if they smoked fewer than 20 cigarettes per day, compared to those receiving behavioral counseling alone.
A study found that HIV's gp120 protein can repel immune cells, dubbed fugetaxis, which could lead to a new therapeutic approach to block this activity. This mechanism may also apply to other viruses, such as pox and papilloma viruses.
According to the study, MRI is superior to ultrasound in predicting cerebral palsy in preterm infants. Ultrasound should be used as the first imaging technique due to its availability and lower cost.
A new study found that blocking the protein FcRn reduces autoantibody production and protects against arthritis in mice, offering a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases. The research suggests that FcRn may be responsible for promoting autoimmunity in patients with conditions like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Researchers at Dartmouth College developed and tested three alternative breast imaging methods to learn about breast tissue structure and behavior. The non-invasive techniques include electrical impedance spectral imaging, microwave imaging spectroscopy, and near infrared spectral imaging.
The study reveals two locomotor activity rhythms originating from separate areas within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), highlighting a network of multiple oscillators. This finding suggests that uncoupling of oscillators within the central pacemaker itself can cause symptoms like jet lag and rotating work schedules.
Dr. Lyon's 1961 discovery of X-chromosome inactivation explained the inheritance pattern of X-linked disorders such as hemophilia and fragile X syndrome. The study of X-inactivation continues to excite researchers today, with a focus on understanding the process.
A study found MRI to be highly useful in the evaluation of patients with uterine fibroids. The imaging technique offers advantages over sonography, including a larger field of view and better contrast resolution. MRI can help identify subsets of patients who may not benefit from UAE treatment, allowing for more personalized care.
The study found that 4-MDCT results correlated accurately with surgical findings in 88 of the cases (93%), and specifically with renal vein anatomy in 91 of the 94 cases (96%). This technique offers several advantages over conventional imaging methods, including speed, non-invasiveness, comfort for patients, and greater volume coverage.
The LASOR team aims to revolutionize optical integration density and develop new technologies to advance optical router capacity beyond 100 Terabits per second. The project will utilize tunable all-optical wavelength converters to direct packets through the router using light itself.
A new animal study suggests that antioxidant vitamins may increase the secretion of VLDL in liver cells, leading to higher levels of LDL cholesterol. The study found that vitamins hampered a process in the liver that prevents the production of harmful lipoproteins.