Researchers create maps of science from vast digital data collections, enabling exploration and analysis of interconnected scientific disciplines. The results provide insights into how scientists and their work are connected, with potential applications in education, funding, and industry.
A recent study published in JAMA found that approximately four out of five newly-disabled older people regain independence within six months. However, recovery is often short-lived, with many experiencing recurrent episodes of disability.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that over half a million Americans die annually in ICUs after admission, with average lengths of stay ranging from 8.9 days and cost $8,548 for non-ICU hospitalization. The researchers recommend improving prediction models to reduce ICU admissions at end-of-life
A UCR study found that exposure to second-hand smoke compromises the ability of fibroblasts to move towards damaged tissue, leading to abnormal healing and excessive scarring. The research team discovered that components of second-hand smoke alter the cells' cytoskeleton, increasing adhesive properties and reducing mobility.
Researchers found that exercise-induced high blood pressure may be caused by cells failing to relax and expand blood vessels. This impairment can be a common factor among various risk factors for heart disease, including aging, menopause, and diabetes.
A study of Dutch women exposed to famine during World War II found a significant association between short-term famine and increased breast cancer risk. Women who experienced severe hunger and weight loss had a 48% higher risk of breast cancer compared to those with no exposure.
A study compared different clinical guidelines for diagnosing and treating sore throats, finding that the selective use of throat cultures can help reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions. The researchers also found that children require throat culture confirmation to ensure optimal identification of GAS pharyngitis.
A team of researchers from Cornell University and Gene Network Sciences Inc. has developed a 3D computer model of the canine heart to simulate ventricular fibrillation. The model aims to help understand the causes of this life-threatening condition, currently treated with electrical shocks that can damage the heart.
Researchers at the University of South Florida have developed a biosensor-regulated gene therapy that protects heart muscle cells from further injury after a heart attack. The therapy uses an oxygen-sensitive switch to turn on protective genes, which were shown to limit tissue scarring and improve heart function in mice.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have discovered that a hormone associated with obesity also plays a key role in male fertility, influencing testosterone production and sperm transport. Orexin receptors were found in areas of the testis, epididymis, and penis, suggesting its potential involvement in penile function and erection.
A study by Dr. Terri H. Finkel and colleagues identifies a gene called HALP that plays a crucial role in protecting HIV-infected cells from apoptosis. The discovery may provide clues for new treatments, including ways to prevent latent infection.
University at Buffalo researchers have created an innovative animal model to study tinnitus treatment, allowing them to monitor individual neurons in the brain during phantom sound perception. The model, developed with a $167,000 grant, enables researchers to measure changes in neural activity before and after inducing tinnitus.
A recent study by Cardiff University found that the Human Rights Act has had a limited impact on solicitors' work in the Cynon Valley, an area with high social deprivation. Solicitors cited lack of training and inadequate public funding as major concerns.
A recent study led by University of Rochester Medical Center professor Günter Oberdörster investigates the link between nanotechnology and human health. The research suggests that nano-sized particles may accumulate in the body and cause harmful inflammation, potentially leading to brain damage or central nervous system disorders.
The study found that Experience Corps volunteers experienced increased physical, cognitive, and social activity, which could lead to improved health outcomes. Volunteers also reported feeling stronger and had a reduced need for canes. In contrast, the control group showed a decline in social activity and an increase in TV viewing.
Two new studies found no association between aspirin use and mortality from pancreatic cancer, while elevated insulin production was linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Hyperinsulinemia, a condition associated with type 2 diabetes, also appears to be linked to an increased risk of colorectal cancer.
Researchers discovered structural changes in ovary lining cells and higher levels of Bcl-2 protein in women with ovarian cancer. These findings suggest potential early detection methods for the disease.
A study found that immediate mammogram reading can decrease stress and anxiety in women, especially those receiving false-positive results. Women who received rapid evaluation of their mammograms reported less anxiety than those who had to wait several days for results.
Researchers developed a computational method to 'morph' deformed fossils back to their original shapes using geometric morphometrics and multiple rock slabs. The new retrodeformation programs have been tested with fossils from the Middle Ordovician Period, showing promise for understanding ancient deformation.
The UPMC Community Medicine initiative improved HbA1c levels by 0.83 percent and reduced blood pressure and cholesterol below target ranges in a large proportion of patients. Physician compliance with evidence-based guidelines was significantly increased through data tracking and education.
A randomized controlled trial found that a home-based program, PEARLS, significantly improved depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life in medically ill, low-income, mostly homebound older adults. The study showed promising results for non-pharmacological treatments in this vulnerable population.
A study found that only half of publishers agreed to grant permission for web-based courses to store electronic versions of articles without additional charges. Fewer than 60% granted permission to reproduce extracts at no fee, highlighting the need for more transparent and accessible publishing policies.
Researchers at Lund University have discovered that the same genetic mechanism is responsible for developing both leukemia and solid tumors, contrary to previous assumptions. This finding has significant implications for treatment strategies, as it may lead to more effective medicines targeting specific fusion proteins.
The partnership aims to improve human resource development and create an international network of social scientists working on maritime issues. Students from developing countries in Asia and Japan will be awarded scholarships to pursue Masters of Philosophy or Doctor of Philosophy degrees.
SOS Rx aims to produce behavior changes in consumers through education efforts and institutional changes within the health care system through advocacy. The coalition is exploring ways to promote system-wide changes, including a clearinghouse of safe practices and personal medication records.
The Global Technology Confidence Index (GTCI) has shown a dramatic increase in business confidence, particularly in North America, where executives plan to boost technology investments. The index, which measures confidence in technology management, has been rising steadily since its inception in 2003.
Scientists use 'targeted mutagenesis' to make proteins more amenable to crystallization, shedding light on the plague and other diseases. The technique has already solved the structures of stubborn proteins like V antigen of Yersinia pestis.
A study led by University of Central Florida researchers found that loggerhead sea turtles are laying eggs 10 days earlier than in the past, with near-shore ocean temperatures increasing by nearly 1.5 degrees Fahrenheit between 1989 and 2003. This change raises concerns about the turtles' food supplies and hatchling survival rates.
The DVD offers a self-contained, research-based education on how to make better decisions for oneself. Girls who watched the DVD were more likely to become abstinent or report fewer STD cases compared to those who didn't.
A large cohort study found no association between ejaculation frequency and increased prostate cancer risk. High ejaculation frequency may actually be associated with a lower risk of total and organ-confined prostate cancer.
Cumbria's unique genetic 'unique' red squirrels are dwindling in number due to an American grey squirrel invasion. Conservationists argue that a captive breeding programme should be introduced as additional measure to ensure their survival.
Researchers have discovered a gene that inhibits NF-kB, a cellular transcription factor involved in anti-viral immune responses and inflammation. The study found that this gene, K1L, prevents degradation of the cellular inhibitor of NF-kB, ultimately halting viral replication.