Satellite images help model sediment transport in New Caledonia's southwest lagoon, providing a three-dimensional picture of the process. The combined use of remote sensing and numerical models refines predictions of erosion rates and improves precision.
A meta-analysis of 27 clinical trials found that erythropoietin treatment lowers the likelihood of needing a blood transfusion and improves hematologic response in cancer patients. However, results on overall survival are inconclusive, suggesting erythropoietin should not be used to increase survival outside clinical trials.
A new long-acting injectable naltrexone formulation has been shown to reduce heavy drinking by 25% and is well-tolerated, indicating a potential improvement in intervention strategies for alcohol dependence. The study featured one of the largest samples ever treated with a medication for alcohol dependence.
The ALLHAT study found that diuretics are superior to calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors in lowering blood pressure and preventing heart failure. Diuretics were also more effective in reducing high blood pressure and stroke in black patients, supporting the use of diuretics as first-line therapy for high blood pressure
The NASA-led Swift mission has successfully measured the distances to two gamma-ray bursts, both originating from over 9 billion light years away. These direct distance measurements, achieved with Swift's Ultraviolet/OpticalTelescope (UVOT), represent a major milestone for the mission since its launch in 2004.
A Harvard School of Public Health study analyzed dietary habits and found no strong association between western or prudent diets and pancreatic cancer risk. Participants who adhered to the prudent diet had healthier lifestyle behaviors, suggesting individual dietary components may still play a role in risk.
Two UW ocean-diving gliders, Seagliders, have set a new record by traveling across the Pacific Ocean. They were deployed in September and traveled over 1,860 miles in 191 days. The gliders' autonomous technology allows them to collect oceanographic measurements without propellers, setting a precedent for the longest range of any autono...
The USC High-resolution Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography (HUTT) system offers superior 3D images of soft tissue, outperforming existing commercial X-ray, ultrasound, or MRI units. The technology uses multi-band analysis with sub-millimeter ultrasonic transducers to create detailed images with improved resolution and precision.
Randy 'Duke' Cunningham, a prostate cancer survivor, receives funding for cancer research through his committee work. Deidre Downs, Miss America 2005, continues her childhood cancer research efforts through CureSearch and her medical student program.
The study found that PTEN and PI3K are required for cell migration and division, raising hopes for new treatments in cancer and inflammatory disorders. The researchers also discovered a novel mechanism by which cells regulate PIP3 levels to control cell migration.
A recent study challenges traditional theory that El Niño-La Niña cycles affect sardine and anchovy populations differently. Researchers found that sardines can thrive in warm waters during El Niño events, while anchovies adapt to cold conditions by extending their reproduction periods.
The study reveals that the informal sector creates most jobs in West African cities, but these occupations are insecure and poorly paid. Underemployment affects 67% of active people, with nearly 2.7 million individuals in this situation.
A study of ALLHAT trial data reveals that thiazide-type diuretics are superior to ACE inhibitors and calcium channel blockers in reducing cardiovascular disease incidence and heart failure in both black and non-black patients. Diuretic-based treatment also showed reduced risk of myocardial infarction and fatal coronary heart disease.
The ALLHAT study confirms diuretics are superior to newer drugs in lowering blood pressure and preventing complications. Diuretics were also found to be more effective in reducing high blood pressure and preventing stroke in black patients.
A study conducted in South Africa found that mild iron deficiency in mothers can disrupt healthy mother/infant interactions. The research showed that mildly iron-deficient mothers were less sensitive to their baby's cues and appeared bored or distant more frequently, leading to changes in child behavior.
Scientists found that auroral ovals in the northern and southern hemispheres do not form mirror images, contrary to previous thought. The study suggests that the tilt of the Earth's magnetic field towards the Sun and conditions in the solar wind play a crucial role in shaping the auroras.
Nineteen undergraduate students have been awarded the AACR-Thomas J. Bardos Science Education Awards for their outstanding contributions to cancer research. The recipients will receive financial support to attend two consecutive Annual Meetings, providing them with a platform to network and learn from leading scientists.
Marcus Milling received the AGI's prestigious Pick and Gavel Award for his tireless efforts to unite the geoscience community. He has made valuable contributions in research, management, and leadership in both corporate and public sectors.
A new study found that altering food schedules and light/dark exposure in mice modified the expression of circadian clock genes and genes involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The authors conclude that the altered light/dark or feeding schedules may slow tumor growth in chronic jet-lagged mice.
The Hudson River has seen a doubling of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the past 15 years, with possible causes including changes in river materials and bacterial metabolism. This increase may be linked to nitrogen deposition, leading to eutrophication-driven problems such as hypoxia.
Researchers at Yale University identified IRAK-M as a key regulator of bone cells, finding that its presence prevents bone loss and its absence leads to severe osteoporosis in mice. The study suggests IRAK-M could be a new target for treating or preventing osteoporosis.
A study published in the Journal of Neurosurgery found that golf-related head injuries in children increased by 15% between 1996 and 2002. The majority of these injuries occurred outside golf courses, highlighting the need for cautionary guidelines and safety training programs to prevent accidents.
A six-month study found that long-acting naltrexone combined with low-intensity counseling significantly reduced heavy drinking days, from 19 to three per month. The treatment was well-tolerated and effective in reducing alcohol dependence.
Researchers used harmonic radar to track butterflies' flight patterns, finding they follow decisive routes for feeding and orientation. The study aims to understand how butterflies navigate fragmented landscapes and maintain sustainable populations.
Researchers develop nanostructured thermoelectric devices that can harness heat energy and double efficiency. The breakthrough enables the generation of electricity from geothermal sources or waste heat in hybrid cars.
Researchers test a new therapy for advanced melanoma, delivering a DNA plasmid through electroporation to stimulate the immune system. The results show high success in curing mice and preventing tumor regrowth.
The National Science Board has awarded Cornell University a $70 million contract to manage the Arecibo Observatory until March 31, 2010. This renewal will enable further scientific research capabilities at the observatory, with plans to develop new instruments and expand user access.
Archaeological findings reveal extensive ancient Maya salt workshops beyond royal control, while researchers investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 in inducing neuropathic pain. Atmospheric pollution is linked to wheat disease prevalence, and microarray technology helps diagnose skin cancer stages. Serotonin levels may regulate e...
A randomized trial found that exercise and stress management training improved physiological markers of cardiovascular health, including blood flow to the heart and vascular endothelial function. These non-pharmaceutical approaches also showed promise in reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety, and improving baroreflex sensitivity.
Researchers found that nearly all psychiatrists consider metabolic side effects serious or very serious, but baseline data and regular checks are often neglected. The study highlights the need for clinicians to change their practice to reflect this concern and provide better care for patients with schizophrenia.
A University of Maryland study found that more than 86% of dialysis patients with severe heart failure experienced improved cardiac function after a kidney transplant. The study, which followed 103 patients between 1998 and 2002, suggests that a timely transplant can significantly improve heart health for these patients.
Researchers found that 12.9% of wild chimpanzees carry Ebola virus antibodies, indicating regular contact with the animal reservoir and non-fatal infections. Dogs also carry the virus, with high antibody prevalence near epidemic foci, suggesting they could become a potential source of infection for humans.
Researchers found that a peptide called GPCS significantly inhibited bone mineral loss in isolated bone cells from newborn rats. Additional studies are needed to determine the mechanism of action and effectiveness of GPCS on human bone health.
Researchers create laser pulses with specific shapes to produce signals with higher frequencies, enhancing image resolution and accuracy in detecting underground objects. The technique allows for precise control over radio frequencies, improving ultra-wideband communication systems.
A new study from Rice University found no independent relationship between Lp(a) levels and coronary calcium in either whites or African-Americans, suggesting an unknown mechanism may be at work. The study used a large multiethnic dataset of Dallas County residents to examine the link between Lp(a) and heart-attack risk.
Researchers at VCU demonstrated that administering Viagra before an anti-cancer drug like doxorubicin can prevent heart damage and dilated cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. The study suggests that Viagra may be used to reduce the incidence of DOX cardiomyopathy in patients receiving chemotherapy.
A study by UCSD researchers suggests that BMP-15 plays a crucial role in determining ovulation quota and litter size in mammals. The team found that BMP-15 is produced normally in humans but degraded in mice, leading to increased egg production and ovulation.
Research by Marino and colleagues reveals that dolphins and primates share similar cognitive abilities despite their distinct brain development patterns. The study, which spans 47 million years, uses magnetic resonance imaging and fossil records to compare the encephalization of cetaceans and humans.
Two trials found that menopausal hormone therapy may increase breast cancer recurrence risk, but a new trial suggests no association. Researchers call for further study on safe treatment regimens.
Researchers have found a trio of proteins that protect tumor cells from destruction by radiotherapy, and a deeper understanding of their relationship could lead to more effective treatment. Genetic testing could help doctors identify the most effective treatment method for each patient's unique cancer tissue.
A multicenter trial found that alpha-tocopherol supplementation increased the rate of developing a second primary cancer during treatment but reduced the risk after treatment ended. After 8 years, the proportion of participants free of a second primary cancer was similar in both groups.
A randomized controlled trial found that exercise and stress management training lower average depression scores and reduce distress in patients with stable heart disease. These interventions also improve certain cardiovascular risk markers, suggesting potential benefits for patients with ischemic heart disease.
Research links seasonal climate variations to meningitis outbreaks in Sahelo-Sudanian Africa. The study suggests that Harmattan winds drive the transmission of meningococcus bacteria, leading to epidemic cycles.
Researchers analyzed 403 sonograms of solid masses, finding that the BI-RADS lexicon descriptors were highly predictive for both malignant and benign masses. Descriptors like circumscribed margins were accurate in 90% of instances for benign lesions.
Scientists have found that activating PPARd genes can increase calorie burning, reduce inflammation, and build resistance to weight gain. This discovery has significant implications for treating obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, potentially using genetic engineering or experimental drugs.
A recent study found that obesity in mice significantly impairs their immune response to influenza infection, leading to a 40% mortality rate compared to lean mice. The research suggests that humans with obesity may also be at increased risk for severe outcomes from influenza.
A new study found no significant difference in outcomes between patients ruled out for pulmonary embolism with MDCT and single-detector CT. However, the increased detection rate of small clots may lead to more unnecessary treatment, increasing risks such as hemorrhagic stroke.
The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) has awarded scholarships to 103 full-time graduate, medical, or postdoctoral students and junior faculty members from underrepresented groups. The recipients will receive stipends to attend the AACR Annual Meeting and present their research papers.
Researchers investigated the effects of temperature-dependent cadmium exposure on oysters, exploring a potential deadly threat from global warming. They also discovered a therapy for cystic fibrosis by rescuing mutant CFTR protein through chaperone competition.
The American College of Physicians recommends a weight loss approach that includes diet and exercise for everyone, with medication or surgery considered only for those who fail to achieve weight loss goals. However, the guidelines also warn about potential side effects and risks associated with surgical procedures.
A new nickel-based alloy with added gadolinium has been verified as safe for the disposal of spent nuclear energy fuel. The alloy can be fabricated in large quantities using conventional techniques and has a higher neutron-absorption capacity than borated stainless steel.
Research found that obese shoppers face subtle interpersonal discrimination in stores, with professionally dressed obese shoppers experiencing less discrimination than average-weight shoppers. The study suggests that by removing justifications for prejudice, manifestations of interpersonal discrimination can be curbed.
The AACR Minority Scholar Awards program aims to increase minority participation in cancer research by providing opportunities for young scientists and clinicians. The program's 20th anniversary is being celebrated with a special session and gala, honoring past award recipients and recognizing the contributions of minority researchers.
Researchers found that chronic gastritis can progress to gastric cancer in mice with abnormally low levels of gastrin. The study identified key genes and molecular changes involved in the development of human gastric cancer.
Cantley's discovery of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) revealed a new lipid produced only when cells are stimulated with growth factors or made cancerous. His work has supported the model that PI3K plays a critical role in many human cancers, and its inhibition is being explored for various diseases.
Research found that children of mothers with preeclampsia have higher systolic pulmonary artery pressure, linked to re-entry altitude sickness and potential long-term health risks. The study suggests new ways to prevent and treat primary pulmonary hypertension.
The American College of Physicians (ACP) recommends a multi-faceted approach to treating obesity, including lifestyle changes, weight-loss drugs, and bariatric surgery. ACP identifies six valid weight-loss drugs, but emphasizes the need for frank discussions about potential side effects and lack of long-term efficacy data.
Researchers have discovered a new role for NKT cells in the liver, which crawl along vessel walls to detect foreign molecules and trigger an immune response. This finding offers a potential new approach to treating hepatitis by manipulating the NKT cell's behavior and reducing inflammation.
Research at Massachusetts General Hospital found that tumor cells use VEGF-A to stimulate growth of new lymphatic vessels, allowing them to spread to lymph nodes more easily. The study's results suggest that targeting this process could be a promising approach for preventing the further spread of metastatic cancer.
A review article highlights the importance of engaging physicians-in-training in community health initiatives to combat issues like obesity, violence, and mental health disorders. The authors emphasize that each community and residency program has unique needs, requiring tailored training models.