Researchers discovered that mice lacking two related fatty acid binding proteins exhibit striking changes in their lipid profiles and strong resistance to diet-induced obesity and other conditions. The proteins appear to play a crucial role in integrating metabolic and inflammatory responses underlying metabolic syndrome.
Charles Yanofsky, a renowned molecular biologist at Stanford University, has been awarded the National Medal of Science for his groundbreaking work on gene expression and protein production. His research has significantly advanced our understanding of how genes are regulated to produce specific proteins.
Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) has emerged as a paradigmatic growth factor, defining cell- and context-specific actions attributed to many growth factors. Dr. Anita Roberts will discuss TGF-α's role in wound healing, autoimmune disease, fibrosis, and cancer, and several therapeutic strategies based on the growth factor.
Researchers found that most HIV 'blips' detected through intensive sampling were not associated with clinical significance or demographic factors. Blips were marginally linked to self-reported nonadherence, but no new drug resistance mutations were identified.
A cohort study in Japan found that daily coffee consumption was associated with a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In contrast, no association was found between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer incidence. The authors suggest further studies to confirm these findings.
Researchers successfully transplanted islets from a single donor pancreas into eight women with type 1 diabetes, achieving insulin independence and freedom from hypoglycemia. The trial resulted in superior glycemic control in four of five recipients with sustained insulin independence.
A survey of 74 students found that subordinates were more likely to use name avoidance towards their boss's boss and CEO compared to immediate supervisors. This phenomenon is rooted in socialization patterns and the tendency to rank lower in organizational hierarchies, creating tension between power and equality.
Researchers discovered that inserting human UCP2 into fly nerve cells extended lifespan by 28% in females and 11% in males. The increased mitochondrial uncoupling led to reduced ROS production and oxidative damage, without affecting reproductive or physical activity levels.
Scientists have found that functional forms of missing tRNA genes can be created by copying from distant DNA sequences and joining them. This discovery sheds light on the evolution of extremophiles in the Archaea kingdom.
A study found that the experimental test's effectiveness was undermined by technical issues and biological implausibility, casting doubt on its potential as a reliable diagnostic tool. The researchers emphasize the need for standardized protocols in proteomics research to ensure reproducibility of results.
Researchers at UNC School of Medicine used embryonic stem cells treated with a growth factor to reverse hemophilia B in genetically altered mice. The study demonstrates the potential for stem cell therapy in treating genetic disorders, such as liver diseases.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that HIV 'blips' in viral load are mathematical artifacts caused by test variations, not signs of drug resistance. The study reassures patients on HAART therapy that their medications haven't failed and provide a better understanding of when to worry about blips.
Researchers found that 'blips' in HIV treatment were not clinically significant and did not lead to drug resistance. The blips were attributed to random statistical fluctuations rather than ongoing viral replication or developing resistance.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is soliciting applications for Clinical Trials Units to lead in the development and evaluation of treatments, prevention strategies, and vaccines for HIV/AIDS. The selected units will focus on interventions that can be employed in resource-limited settings.
Researchers found that mismatched gestures and speech in math instruction can significantly improve student learning. The technique helps students learn better than when the instructor's gesture and speech match, and even surpasses teaching with two identical strategies.
Scientists create artificial mechanism of allosteric control based on mechanical tension, allowing for controlled switching of proteins in living cells. The breakthrough could lead to targeted pharmaceutical drugs with reduced side effects and improved understanding of protein molecular architecture.
A large-scale study shows that flu vaccination is highly effective in reducing severe end points such as deaths and hospitalizations among high-risk persons of working age. The vaccine benefits people of any age with high-risk medical conditions, not just the elderly.
The study found that dietary supplement use increased from 14.2% in 1998-1999 to 18.8% in 2002, with a rise in multivitamin products containing antioxidants like lutein and lycopene. The acceptance of herbal supplements has become more mainstream, and marketing strategies have expanded to prevent chronic diseases.
A new study examines the relationship between distance and detail in human visual perception, finding that blurriness is equivalent to distance from the viewer. The research has implications for eyewitness testimony, including a case where a witness identified suspects from 450 feet away, leading to a new trial.
A team of researchers, led by UCR scientist Michael Allen, investigated the response of a mycorrhizal fungal community to CO2 concentrations over six years. The findings suggest that previous work has overestimated the magnitude of community and ecosystem responses to carbon dioxide changes.
A recent study found that gay men did not engage in increased sexual risk-taking during an HIV vaccine trial. The study, led by Dr. Tom Lampinen, revealed that the biggest risk for new infection was among minority gay men who had unsafe sex with partners whose HIV status they didn't know.
A study found that Salacia oblonga, a herb native to India and Sri Lanka, decreases insulin and blood glucose levels when consumed with meals. The herb works by binding to intestinal enzymes that break down carbohydrates, reducing the amount of glucose in the bloodstream.
The article examines three common Social Security reform proposals and their impact on vulnerable women. The analysis reveals that privatization proposals fail to cover significant numbers of poor women, while benefits tied to U.S. residency or simple Social Security eligibility are more effective at protecting them.
Researchers built robots with sensors and programming similar to rat pups' basic senses and motor skills. The robots showed a new behavior in an arena, favoring one wall over another, displaying emergent behavior. Understanding this simple system's biology may inform the design of more sophisticated robots.
Researchers have developed a new compound, AMN107, that effectively blocks proliferation of Bcr-Abl dependent cells in CML patients. The drug has been shown to inhibit growth of cells expressing resistant mutants and prolongs survival in imatinib-resistant CML mouse models.
A UCI study found that combinatorial drug therapies halted brain-cell damage in fruit flies with mutated Huntingtin protein, showing potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases. The treatment combines compounds targeting different cellular processes with no toxic side effects.
A mouse model of leukemia reveals a causal link between Shp2 mutations and leukemia, pointing to these mutants as attractive therapeutic targets. The study's findings suggest that current treatments are often ineffective and highlight the need for clinical trials of Ras/Mek inhibitors.
Researchers developed a new method for early disease outbreak detection using electronic health records. The 'space time permutation scan statistic' can detect outbreaks even without geographical information, and has been implemented in the SaTScan software for wider use.
A study by University of Toronto researchers found that depressed women exhibit anxiety and self-consciousness due to sociotropy, a personality trait characterized by a need for close relationships. In contrast, men with depression tend to be angry or hostile about perceived losses, according to the research.
A recent study found that nearly a third of pharmaceutical ads in American medical journals offered no supporting references. Meanwhile, the majority of data-on-file documents cited in these ads were inaccessible to physicians due to company policies. In contrast, journal articles and books were more readily available for review.
A 14-year study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that quitting smoking can add years to life. The study showed a significant reduction in death rates among participants who quit compared to those who continued to smoke.
Researchers at UC Davis have developed a new method to create supercapacitors using aligned and packed carbon nanotubes on nickel foil. This innovation enables the creation of devices with high power density, up to 30 kilowatts per kilogram (kW/kg), significantly outperforming current commercial devices.
Research found that adolescent brain function is vulnerable to disruption from binge drinking, resulting in permanent damage. Heavy drinking during adolescence can impair problem-solving skills, working memory, and emotional reactivity, increasing the risk of mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar spectrum disorders.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute have developed a new hybrid targeted therapy, AMN107, which kills CML cells more effectively than Gleevec and triggers longer remissions in mice. The study's findings suggest that AMN107 may be an effective treatment option for patients with Gleevec-resistant disease.
Researchers at U of T used 3-D ultrasound to analyze tongue function after surgery, creating a baseline for 'Joe Canadian' tongue reconstruction. The study aims to improve speech outcomes for patients with tongue cancer.
A new study by UC researchers identifies the Slc39a8 gene as a key player in transporting toxic heavy metals like cadmium, which can cause tissue death and damage. The discovery has significant implications for understanding how nonessential heavy metals contribute to cancer and other diseases.
A recent study found no correlation between increasing flu vaccination coverage in the elderly and declining death rates. The authors suggest that this disconnect may be due to disparities in who is likely to receive vaccination, particularly among those with fragile health. This finding has implications for influenza vaccination policy.
A U of T researcher has discovered a connection between gene mutations and schizophrenia, suggesting the brain overcompensates for these mutations by becoming supersensitive to dopamine. This new understanding could lead to new research directions into schizophrenia.
Research suggests that alcohol alters gene expression in the brain, contributing to addiction symptoms like tolerance and physical dependence. Gene expression profiling has identified specific genes and pathways involved in alcohol's effects on different brain regions.
The audio file captures the tone of Huygens' antenna as it changes frequency in response to signal strength fluctuations during descent. The tone shifts dramatically at 43 seconds, indicating the probe's touchdown on Titan's surface.
Tamoxifen has been shown to reduce breast cancer recurrence by up to 50% and lower heart disease risk in women with breast cancer. The study found that current use of tamoxifen was associated with a significantly reduced risk of heart disease, particularly in women who had completed less than two years of therapy.
A new study published in the Journal of Cardiac Surgery found that older patients who receive a heart transplant fare just as well as younger counterparts, even many years after surgery. The study showed no statistically significant differences between heart transplant recipients aged over 60 and those under 60.
A study by Harvard Medical School researchers found that older doctors are less likely to follow current medical standards, with declining performance over time. The findings suggest that quality improvement interventions targeting all physicians, including those who have trained recently, may be necessary to update knowledge and tools.
Researchers used tree-ring data to reconstruct years of low river flows in the Columbia River Basin back 250 years, revealing six multiyear droughts that were much more severe than anything in recent memory. These droughts persisted for years, including one that lasted 12 years.
Researchers found that women with primary hypothyroidism had a 61 percent lower risk of developing invasive breast cancer and those newly diagnosed were 57 percent less likely to have the condition. Women with both conditions tended to be older when diagnosed with a less aggressive, indolent disease.
A Swedish study of 102 postmenopausal women found that moderate wine consumption was associated with increased heart rate variability, a marker of good cardiovascular health. The researchers suggest that the favourable effects on heart rate variability may be one reason why wine protects against coronary heart disease.
Researchers discovered that prostaglandin PGD2 has protective effects in the brain, potentially outweighing its negative consequences. The study suggests that targeting this prostaglandin may lead to new therapeutic approaches for conditions involving brain damage, such as stroke and Parkinson's disease.
Researchers at North Carolina State University found that some strains of Pfiesteria are toxic and can kill fish with minimal exposure. They also developed more sensitive tests to detect the toxin, which is produced by Pfiesteria cells even without bacteria.
The study found that sustained quitters had nearly half the overall death rate of those who continued to smoke. Death rates were also lower for coronary heart disease and cardiovascular disease, and less than half for lung cancer compared to smokers.
Researchers found that UTI-causing E.coli strains matched genetically with bacteria from cows and are resistant to antibiotics. The discovery has major public health implications due to the practice of administering subtherapeutic antibiotic doses in animals.
Research reveals that Ebola viruses can spread from wild animals to humans through handling or consuming animal carcasses. This finding emphasizes the need for improved awareness and monitoring of wildlife in Central Africa to prevent future outbreaks.
A UCLA study found that 29% of pharmaceutical ads in American medical journals offer no references to support medical claims, while 84% of referenced documents are accessible. The majority of original research cited in ads was sponsored by pharmaceutical companies.
Researchers propose that insects close off their respiratory systems to lower internal oxygen concentration and prevent oxidative damage. Insects like grasshoppers and moths regulate oxygen levels by controlling breathing patterns, which can impact aging and pesticide use.
A study in Senegal found that migrants' social context influences their sexual behavior and risk of HIV transmission. In rural areas, strict social control and religion may encourage migrants to adopt safer sex practices upon return. The study suggests that migration is not a major contributor to HIV spread in Senegal.
A study found that women with primary hypothyroidism had a 61% lower risk of developing invasive breast cancer. Women with breast cancer were also less likely to have hypothyroidism compared to healthy women, and those with the condition were diagnosed with earlier stage disease.
Researchers have discovered new alkaloids with antiparasitic properties, which showed efficacy in treating visceral leishmaniasis. These quinoline compounds also exhibited activity against HIV-1 and HTLV-1 retroviruses, offering potential for new treatments.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have identified a new mechanism by which cancerous cell growth occurs, revealing that Skp2 degrades FOXO1, a tumor suppressor. This degradation abolishes FOXO1's ability to suppress tumors and can be reversed using chemicals that inhibit protein destruction.
A team of 138 undergraduate students, led by HHMI professor Banerjee, identified essential genes in eye formation using a novel genetic method. The students created flies with specific mutations, allowing them to study the impact of these mutations on the eye.
A new study of 5,887 middle-aged smokers found that those who quit smoking had a significantly lower death rate than those who continued to smoke. The annual death rates for quitters were 6.0 per 1000 patients compared to 11.0 in non-quitters, showing a 46% reduction.
A report by the British Cardiac Society highlights the challenges women face in pursuing careers in cardiology due to long hours, lack of flexible training, and sexism. The specialty is losing talented female applicants, with only 9% of those applying for specialist registrar posts being women.