A large multiethnic cohort study found that midlife cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes and high cholesterol, are strongly linked to an increased risk of dementia in later life. The study also suggests that treating these risk factors may reduce the risk for dementia.
Researchers found significant differences in mitral valve tissue between healthy and congestive heart failure patients, affecting the valve's strength and hydration levels. These changes may contribute to recurring surgical outcomes for patients with mitral regurgitation.
A six-year study found that children of overweight mothers exhibit significant weight gain and increased body fat by ages four and six. The research highlights the importance of targeting prevention efforts towards at-risk children from an early age.
A recent study found that Vioxx increases the risk of coronary heart disease by 34%, with a higher risk associated with standard and high doses. The study estimated that 88,000-140,000 excess cases of serious coronary heart disease occurred in the US due to Vioxx use.
Researchers found that human embryonic stem cells contain a non-human sialic acid called Neu5Gc, which is incorporated from animal-derived culture materials. The discovery poses a safety concern for the potential therapeutic use of these cells in humans.
Cancer researchers have developed a new method to delay dendritic cell activation, extending the time when immune cells can detect and attack cancer. By using a drug that links molecules, the approach prolongs the activity of dendritic cells, which are key to cancer vaccines.
A study found that healthy older adults with the e-4 allele of the ApoE gene exhibit significantly worse prospective memories, struggling to remember tasks even when instructed to do so. The findings suggest a strong impact of genetic variation on cognitive function and recommend reevaluating the role of ApoE in cognition.
A recent Stanford study has identified a link between genetic differences in African-Americans and an increased risk of hypertension. The research, which analyzed the genetic profiles of over 270 individuals, suggests that specific genes in regions near chromosomes 6 and 21 may contribute to high blood pressure risk in African-Americans.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine found that sildenafil can treat enlarged hearts by blocking the breakdown of cyclic GMP, a key molecule involved in heart stress. The study showed significant improvements in heart function, including increased contractility and cardiac output, even after hypertrophy had developed.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego, have developed a technique to identify the precise mix of extracellular matrix proteins that optimally prompts mouse embryonic stem cells to begin differentiating into liver cells. This breakthrough enables scientists to use inexpensive and widely available reagents and machinery ...
Researchers at the Mayo Clinic have developed a new method to repair cleft palates using distraction osteogenesis, which gradually lengthens bone and soft tissue. The technique has shown promising results in animal studies, with some degree of bony closure observed in most treated animals.
The study found that despite increased male involvement in domestic tasks, women still bear the brunt of childcare responsibilities. Women are often responsible for organizing and scheduling care, even among more affluent households, due to cost and quality concerns.
Researchers at Brenner Children's Hospital will conduct four clinical trials to find the best treatments for children with heart conditions. The hospital hopes to renew its participation in the network after two years, offering patients access to cutting-edge treatment advances and better health outcomes.
Researcher Anne Lincoln found that female Academy Award nominees tend to begin their acting careers at a younger age than male nominees. By analyzing the average age of Oscar nominees from 1928-2001, she discovered historical trends suggesting women start earlier, which may explain the gendered age disparity between winners and nominees.
Scientists have detected a 'whiff' of methane evaporating off the surface of Saturn's moon Titan, revealing insights into its geology and weather systems. The data from the Huygens probe also suggests that beneath the thin crust lies a material made of water ice grains.
The study explores how classical polyandry, a practice where multiple males mate with a single female, has evolved in different species. It reveals that this practice enhances female reproductive success and social stability through the provision of genetic diversity and protection from predators.
Researchers have developed a method to assemble nanoparticles using DNA molecules, enabling targeted delivery of drugs and contrast agents to cancer cells. The approach uses dendrimers, star-like synthetic polymers that can carry multiple molecules, and allows for rapid synthesis and self-assembly of nanoparticle complexes.
Researchers analyzed data from the National Center for Health Statistics to show that COX-2 inhibitors were frequently prescribed to patients at low risk of gastrointestinal side effects. The study found a rapid nationwide shift away from older, inexpensive drugs with better established safety and efficacy.
A study published in Liver Transplantation found that liver disease severity does not accurately predict quality of life, suggesting alternative methods should be considered for organ allocation. Patients with end-stage liver disease experience impaired quality of life, but this is not correlated with MELD scores.
A study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that 63% of growth in COX-2 use came from patients with low risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Heavy marketing and the tendency to equate 'newer' with 'better' medicines contributed to the overuse of these drugs.
The Economic and Social Research Council is hosting an international conference on the Evolution of the Life Science Industries, which will discuss state-of-the-art research, development, and problems in the life sciences. Speakers with international reputations will shape future pathways of innovation.
New classification system improves elastomeric liner prescription, while telerehabilitation and pressure casting streamline wound management. Studies also explore shoe choice impact on residual limb damage and develop novel knee prosthesis for increased stability.
The NSF report reveals a significant increase in the number of minority scientists and engineers earning research doctorates, with 17% of all doctorate recipients being from underrepresented groups. Women also maintained their percentage of earned doctorates, while most graduates received financial support from university fellowships.
Scientists have successfully reached a critical size regime, demonstrating reliable patterning at the 2 nanometer scale. The work explores the fundamental resolution limits of polymer nanoimprint lithography and its potential applications in fields such as semiconductor device manufacturing and biotechnology.
A nationwide assessment of triclocarban contamination reveals the compound is present in 60% of US water resources, making it the fifth most frequent contaminant. Triclocarban concentrations are found to be much higher than previously thought, with some samples containing up to 6.75 micrograms per liter.
Research suggests that moderate alcohol consumption may help protect against cognitive decline and dementia in older women. The study analyzed data from the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study, which found that women who drank one or two drinks per day scored higher on tests of cognitive function than those who drank less.
Dr. McDonald and his team solved the missing solar neutrinos puzzle, confirming that neutrinos change type on their journey to Earth from the sun. This discovery validates theories of energy generation in the sun and transforms our understanding of elementary particle physics.
A recent study by Johns Hopkins University reveals that women who have been abused are less likely to engage in stable, long-term relationships. The researchers found that those who were physically or sexually abused as adults often avoid cohabitation and marriage due to a need for recovery time from abuse.
Researchers have identified integrin [alpha]v[beta]6 as a key risk factor for developing early-stage colorectal cancer. The molecule's high levels are also predictive of patient survival, with low expression associated with better outcomes.
A study found strengths and weaknesses in the quality of care for children with ADHD, major depression, and conduct disorder in California's public mental health clinics. Despite comprehensive evaluations, there were moderate to poor documentation of medical monitoring, psychoactive medication management, and parent consent.
Scientists have discovered that zeaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, plays a crucial role in protecting plants from excessive solar energy. The study used ultrafast spectroscopic techniques to follow the movement of absorbed excitation energy and found that zeaxanthin interacts with chlorophyll molecules to dissipate excess energy.
Researchers found depressed female monkeys exhibited socially withdrawn behavior, reduced body fat and disrupted hormone levels, similar to human depression in women. The study aims to develop new treatments specifically for females, who are 66% more likely to experience depression.
The American Academy of Neurology recognizes Dr. Callaghan's efforts to advocate for tort reform in Washington state, while Dr. Wasay leads programs to improve public health in Pakistan. The Palatucci Advocacy Leadership Forum empowers neurologists to advocate for patient care improvements.
A comprehensive review of UK asthma frequency and health service use found that south Asian people had lower asthma symptoms, while black people had similar symptoms. South Asians were three times more likely, and blacks twice as likely, to have emergency hospital admissions for the condition.
Researchers have discovered that reducing Abeta buildup in the brain can rapidly reverse structural nerve damage associated with Alzheimer's disease. The study used a mouse model to demonstrate the effectiveness of an anti-Abeta antibody treatment, suggesting a potential new approach for treating the condition.
Dr. Russell, a Yale cardiovascular researcher, is awarded the Bayer Fellowship for his work on heart function and metabolism in disease states. His research focuses on glucose transporter expression, AMP-activated protein kinase, and mitochondrial uncoupling proteins to understand and treat heart failure.
The CRaTER instrument will measure high-energy charged particles in deep space to develop equipment and materials for human safety in the lunar environment. Scientists at Boston University are leading the development of the instrument with NASA funding.
A new study found that rats bred for low aerobic exercise capacity had more cardiovascular disease risk factors than those bred for high exercise capacity. The researchers discovered a close association between low aerobic capacity and metabolic syndrome, including high blood pressure, insulin-resistance, and abdominal fat.
Researchers have found evidence of coastal subsidence preceding major subduction zone quakes, potentially providing a warning system for tsunami alerts. The study suggests that areas along subduction zones should monitor subsidence to predict potential earthquakes and tsunamis.
Common antidepressants lower effects of tamoxifen in many women, with different SSRIs affecting active tamoxifen byproducts in the blood. Genetic testing may help identify groups that benefit more from one SSRI than another.
Researchers found no evidence of an asteroid impact during the Great Dying, a mass extinction event that occurred 250 million years ago. Instead, they suggest that atmospheric warming due to greenhouse gases from volcanic eruptions led to the extinction of 90% of marine life and nearly three-quarters of land-based plant and animal life.
Researchers Arkush and Stanish argue that the Andes were home to more frequent and devastating conflicts than previously believed. They contend that a better understanding of the archaeological signatures of warfare will clarify the course of war and peace in the region.
Researchers measured ancient moraine crests to determine past movement on the Karakorum fault, revealing a significant right-lateral motion. The study's findings provide crucial insights into the Asian continent's movement and the collision of India and Asia.
A new avian species called Vegavis iaai has provided unprecedented fossil proof that some close cousins to living bird species coexisted with dinosaurs during the Cretaceous period. The research, published in Nature, places Vegavis within the Anseriformes group and indicates its evolutionary relationship to ducks and geese.
Researchers found that HIV-specific CD4+ T cell population remains intact after treatment cessation, with increased turnover and activation upon viral rebound. This suggests a potential mechanism for the immune system to respond to viral infections.
A study published in Diabetologia found that higher levels of protein adiponectin are associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), even independent of conventional risk factors. The study showed a remarkable 63% reduction in CAD risk for each 6.3 microgram per milliliter increase in serum adiponectin levels.
Researchers found that clearing Alzheimer's plaques leads to rapid recovery of normal brain structure in just three days. The study suggests that plaque-clearing treatments may slow or halt disease progression, and researchers plan to investigate the underlying mechanisms.
Researchers use genetic analysis to trace a genetic gradient across distance, challenging the theory of speciation by distance. The findings have broad implications for conservation approaches, highlighting the importance of preserving gradients of forms rather than well-defined groups.
A new UCI study finds that men and women use different brain areas to achieve similar IQ results, with women having more white matter and men having more gray matter related to intellectual skill. The study suggests that human evolution has created two different types of brains designed for equally intelligent behavior.
Researchers have found that gold nanoclusters can become electrically charged when anchored to defects in a magnesium oxide catalytic bed. This charging mechanism enables the transfer of an electron to reacting molecules, weakening chemical bonds and allowing reactions to occur at low temperatures.
A recent study by Robert Kurzban and Daniel Houser found that three main personality types play a crucial role in group projects: Reciprocators, Cooperators, and Free Riders. The study revealed that about 63% of participants are Reciprocators, who tend to hold back before fully committing to a project.
Researchers aim to develop new catalysts that can convert water into hydrogen with improved efficiency, reducing energy consumption by up to 40%. The project seeks to replicate nature's process of splitting water into oxygen and protons using manganese-based catalyst materials.
A new study shows that exercise improves three measures of heart protection in postmenopausal women, including better blood clotting profiles and reduced blood clot activation. Regular physical activity may help prevent the formation of blood clots, leading to a lower risk of heart attacks.
The Journal of Nuclear Medicine Supplement offers a comprehensive overview of radionuclide therapy, including its applications in thyroid cancer, lymphoma, and other diseases. The supplement highlights the growing importance of nuclear medicine in patient care and provides insight into emerging trends and technologies.
The 10th edition of the GeoRef Thesaurus, a guide to index terms used by GeoRef, includes new terms representing names and concepts frequently encountered since the last edition. The new edition covers complete coverage through ODP Leg 209, with 870 pages in soft cover format.
The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke (IRIS) trial aims to investigate the effectiveness of pioglitazone in reducing recurrent stroke and myocardial infarction among eligible participants. The trial will enroll 3,136 participants over three years and tests the hypothesis that pioglitazone reduces risk by 20 percent.
Researchers found that elevated levels of ávâ6 expression in colon carcinoma cells are associated with reduced patient survival. The molecule is identified as an independent prognostic marker for colorectal cancer and predictive of early-stage disease outcomes.
A recent linguistics study found that people from different cultures use varying numbers of emotion words, with a greater emphasis on negative emotions. The researchers discovered that older adults tend to have more diverse vocabularies when describing their emotional experiences.
Researchers found that small male cuttlefish that change their appearance to look like females are successful in fertilizing eggs at a rate of 60 percent. The study used DNA fingerprinting and observed the cuttlefish's behavior over ten days, revealing this unique mating strategy
The study uses intense x-ray beams and electronic flight simulators to probe the muscles of flying fruit flies, revealing previously unsuspected interactions between proteins that turn 'on' and 'off'. The research has implications for understanding human heart disease and developing new models for cardiac muscle performance.