Increased expression of claudin-1 has been found in human primary colon carcinomas and metastases. Claudin-1's mislocalization is associated with higher levels of expression and increased metastatic behavior in colon cancer cells.
Researchers found that intrinsically photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are present at birth and act as functional photoreceptors, providing input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This discovery has implications for the effect of light on early retinal development.
A team of four Johns Hopkins University students adapted a tractor for use by people with disabilities, including those who are paraplegic. The modifications included a hydraulic lift, hand-controlled throttle, and mechanical device to enable drivers without disabilities to operate the tractor.
Researchers have identified a specific region on the yellow fever virus protein that elicits an immune response, which could help improve existing vaccines and reduce severe side effects. The study found that antibodies produced by the immune system interact with this part of the protein to fight off infection.
Abed-rest study investigates the impact of space-like conditions on the human immune system, exploring possible causes of a compromised immune response. The study aims to provide valuable data for international efforts to plan long-duration missions and address health risks associated with chronic radiation exposure.
The NIH is funding a high-throughput screening center network at Scripps Research Institute and Scripps Florida to identify proof-of-concept molecules for studying human health and developing new treatments. The three-year grant aims to accelerate the application of chemical biology to understand physiology and pathophysiology.
Researchers found that the GSTP1 gene is temporarily inactivated through hypermethylation, increasing the risk of prostate cancer in African-Americans compared to Caucasians. The study suggests that GSTP1 hypermethylation may serve as a potential biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Three NYC students won the Grand Prize by writing essays on major scientific achievements by Nobel Prize winners, including physics, chemistry, and medicine. The winners will attend the Nobel prize ceremonies in December.
Researchers at NIST have developed a new DNA sequencing chip that detects mtDNA changes associated with early cancer. The chip promises faster, easier interpretation, and higher throughput than current methods, potentially revolutionizing early clinical cancer diagnosis.
Researchers at UNC Chapel Hill found that radiation exposure at older ages significantly increases the risk of lung cancer among Hanford nuclear workers. The study analyzed data from 26,389 workers hired between 1944 and 1978 and identified 2,265 cancer deaths.
Emerging diseases can move between species, mutating into more virulent forms; WCS proposes 'One World, One Health' concept to prevent outbreaks. The global trade in wildlife poses a significant challenge, with estimated $100 billion losses due to livestock pathogens and pandemic diseases.
Researchers at NIST and SEMATECH developed a method to determine nanoscale 'linewidth roughness' with improved accuracy, reducing exaggeration of true values by 40%. The new technique corrects for measurement noise and bias, enabling more precise quality control in semiconductor fabrication.
A recent study found that an 8-week course of doxycycline effectively eliminated adult Wuchereria bancrofti worms, a key cause of elephantiasis. The treatment also reduced larval offspring populations, suggesting a promising approach for mass treatment.
Scientists have identified temporal bias in gene duplication events within a complex region of human chromosome 2. This 'punctuated' evolution suggests that DNA duplication and rearrangement occurred at an unprecedented scale in the past, followed by quiescence.
Researchers extended the lifespan of blood vessel cells from elderly donors, enabling successful culture of engineered blood vessels. This breakthrough advances tissue engineering towards treating vascular disease.
Researchers found attacks on brachiopods were rare but widespread during the Paleozoic Era, with predators likely mistaking them for other prey. The findings hint at how the food chain changed over time as predators diversified and prey groups became better armored.
Researchers find high levels of 142Nd in terrestrial rocks, contradicting earlier theories on Earth's formation. This discovery suggests that the planet underwent a violent history of collisions and radioactive heat release, leading to its chemical differentiation.
Researchers found that the immune system can control disease by increasing cell renewal in the intestine, allowing parasites to be expelled naturally. This discovery may lead to new ideas for treating inflammatory bowel diseases and bowel cancer.
The Lancet emphasizes the need for open discussion to understand the true extent of drug use, its risks, and effective management strategies. Doctors are lacking essential knowledge due to a lack of transparency and open debate.
Fine-tuning drug levels in neuroblastoma patients can improve treatment outcomes, according to St. Jude researchers. By closely monitoring and adjusting topotecan levels, the study demonstrates that pharmacokinetic-based dosing can tailor cancer treatment to individual children, potentially increasing long-term survival rates.
The extension study found that oral liquid hydroxyurea was well-tolerated in babies and worked similarly to older children, increasing fetal hemoglobin levels and preventing sickle cell complications. The treatment may also improve quality of life for patients with sickle cell anemia, especially in underprivileged areas.
Researchers at PNNL have developed more efficient CFL replacement lamps, while redesigning hard-wired fixtures to use these lamps. This could lead to significant energy savings in U.S. homes with recessed downlights.
Researchers found that nearly 60% of patients with a minor ischaemic stroke died within 10 years, and 54% experienced at least one new vascular event. Event-free survival after 10 years was just 48%. The risk of vascular events decreased over time, but continued secondary prevention is crucial.
Climate expert Kevin Trenberth warns that hurricanes will intensify due to global warming, fueled by rising ocean temperatures and increased atmospheric water vapor. This may lead to heavier rains and an increased risk of flooding at landfall, particularly in the US coastline.
A computer model has been developed to aid in the design and certification of new fire detection systems in cargo compartments. The model uses complex simulations to determine worst-case locations for fires and optimal sensor placement, reducing the risk of false alarms.
The Duke team successfully engineered new blood vessels from vascular cells of four elderly men with heart disease, extending their lifespan indefinitely. The treated smooth muscle cells were then impregnated into a biodegradable polymer tube and grew for up to seven weeks, forming functional-like arteries.
Researchers estimate that excess fresh water entered the North Atlantic Ocean, causing salinity changes and potentially slowing the ocean conveyor. The study suggests that a freshening threshold could be reached in a century, affecting heat transport and climate.
The NIST method corrects stray light errors in spectrometers, enabling accurate measurements of low-power radiation components and large dynamic intensity ranges. The new method has been implemented and validated using a commercial spectrograph, allowing real-time corrections without significant speed reduction.
Research identifies genetic linkages associated with bipolar disorder, including a possible connection to autoimmune thyroiditis. The findings suggest that identifying these genetic markers could help develop more effective treatments or prevent the disorder in at-risk individuals.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have fabricated superconducting nanowires to measure magnetic fields. The devices exhibit periodic oscillations in resistance when a magnetic field is applied, reflecting wave nature of matter and quantum mechanics.
Researchers have identified a novel type of lung cell that can divide into fresh copies and specialized types, suggesting these cells may contribute to the development of most common lung cancers. The discovery could lead to earlier diagnosis and potentially more effective treatments for lung cancer.
Researchers discovered a genetic link between a Fog2 gene mutation and small lungs, abnormal diaphragm development, and breathing difficulties in children. The study provides an important genetic starting point for further insight into human disorders.
A new study reveals that transplantation of healthy germ cells can restore fertility in males who have undergone chemotherapy for childhood leukemia. Additionally, researchers identified a potential biomarker, claudin-1, which may be exploited to detect colon cancer progression and inform therapeutic strategies.
Researchers have identified a regulatory element within the 52-kilobase deletion region responsible for Van Buchem disease. This discovery provides strong causal evidence linking the deletion to the disease and opens up new avenues for understanding bone formation and potentially developing therapeutic agents.
A study of fossilized brachiopod shells reveals that predators were a constant threat throughout the Paleozoic Era, with subtle increases in predation traces suggesting escalating predation pressures. The findings suggest that marine ecosystems have become increasingly hostile to survival, consistent with macroevolutionary models.
Researchers have identified the regulatory element responsible for Van Buchem disease, a hereditary disorder that causes facial distortions, osteosclerosis, and vision and hearing loss. The discovery provides insight into long-range gene regulation and could lead to new treatments for osteoporosis.
Researchers describe a method to distinguish and separate healthy sperm stem cells from leukemic cells in mice. The transplanted cells successfully colonized and produced healthy offspring, paving the way for the treatment of infertility caused by chemotherapy in childhood leukemia patients.
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have successfully manipulated electron spins using a scanning optical microscope, achieving a higher degree of spatial coherence compared to traditional methods. This breakthrough could lead to the development of faster and more efficient electronic devices with low power consumption.
The Air Force has developed a portable biosensor system that can detect and identify biological warfare agents. The system, consisting of a spray and a hand-held 'green box,' provides rapid detection capability and is designed to be reliable, disposable, and cost-effective.
A comprehensive annotation of Candida albicans genome paves way for improved diagnostics and therapies. The 6,354 gene annotation will aid in understanding the yeast's role in human diseases.
Scientists at the University of Manchester studied the mating behaviour of dusky roaches to understand the mechanisms behind age-related decline in female fertility. The research suggests a natural biochemical reaction is to blame, where perfectly healthy eggs begin to die due to delayed reproduction.
A study of 58 breast cancer patients found that initial tumor volume and changes in tumor volume during chemotherapy are strong predictors of recurrence-free survival. MRI measurements can help tailor treatment strategies for individual patients.
A recent study conducted by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health reveals high rates of sexually transmitted infections among young drug users. The study found that nearly 73% of participants were injection drug users and that women were more likely to have syphilis than men.
Researchers found that nicotine activates CREB in the brain's reward pathway, which is also triggered by opiates and cocaine. This suggests a potential new approach to treating nicotine addiction by blocking the reward pathway with opioid receptor blockers.
Moss's work on local structure of alloys led to the development of Krivoglaz-Clapp-Moss theory, redefining alloy studies. He continues to study atomic structure of alloys to understand phase stability and properties.
The University of Pittsburgh has been awarded $9 million to develop research tools for drug discovery as part of NIH's Roadmap initiative. The Molecular Libraries Screening Centers Network aims to accelerate medical discoveries by conducting high-throughput screenings of molecules.
Researchers John S. Wettlaufer and J. G. Dash propose an alternative explanation for the behavior of a solid isotope of helium at low temperatures. They suggest that a thin, lubricating superfluid film forms between the solid and its container due to melting at the boundary, which occurs in all solids.
The Penn Center for Molecular Discovery will screen hundreds of thousands of molecules against biological targets, creating a massive public-domain database. The center's capabilities include printing and testing molecules on a glass surface, probing chemical-biological interactions in nanoliter volumes.
Dutch researchers have won the NWO/Spinoza prize for their groundbreaking work in cancer research, cognitive sciences, physics and mathematics. Prof R Bernards developed innovative genetic technologies to predict breast cancer metastases, while Prof P Hagoort demonstrated that damaged brains can still understand language via other routes.
A new study from the University of Colorado found that walking at a leisurely pace can increase calorie burn by up to 25% for obese adults. Additionally, reducing walking speed from 3 miles per hour to 2 miles per hour can decrease knee joint loads by up to 25%.
Researchers found that placebo treatment reduced subjects' ratings of unpleasant pictures and activity in emotional centers. The study generalizes the concept of placebo effect and its underlying neural mechanisms for both pain perception and emotional stimuli.
A study conducted by George Hollich and colleagues found that moderate background noise can distract infants from learning language, emphasizing the need for visual cues. The research showed that when infants could see a speaker's face while hearing them speak, they focused longer on the spoken word.
A Dartmouth study found that traditional TB screening methods can miss active tuberculosis cases in HIV-positive individuals in developing countries. The study recommends using more sensitive and accurate TB culture tests, such as the one used in Tanzania.
Multiple short exposures to wet work can cause more dermatitis than single long exposures, emphasizing the need for preventive measures. Reducing frequent and intense exposure of hands to water, detergents, and soaps is crucial in preventing hand eczema.
The NIH has established a nationwide network of molecular libraries screening centers, enabling academic researchers to explore novel ideas and progress on treating human diseases. The network will utilize the PubChem database to facilitate high-throughput assays and identify potential targets for new therapies.
Scientists found that mobile genetic elements, known as LINE-1, play a role in brain diversification by introducing new gene expressions and influencing cell function. This process is unique to the brain and leaves other organs unaffected.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine have developed a nanoparticle-based treatment that targets cancer cells, increasing therapeutic response and reducing drug toxicity. The treatment uses dendrimers to deliver methotrexate and folate, allowing the cancer cells to internalize the drugs while minimizing harm to normal cells.
A recent study published in Appetite found that preschool children aged 4-6 consume more food when served larger portions, regardless of their previous meal size. The researchers monitored the food intake of 16 children over five days and discovered that increased snack offerings also contributed to higher total daily calorie consumption.
A well-designed NICU can conserve energy, improve environment management, and reduce respiratory support, lung disease, and length of stay. Modified environments can also reduce staff stress and improve patient and family experience.
The NIH State-of-the-Science panel recommends a broader use of cognitive and behavioral therapies to treat chronic insomnia, which has limited proven options. Research suggests that these methods can be effective in treating insomnia when combined with relaxation training.