Researchers identified a common genetic mutation, JAK2, in patients with polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia, and myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis. The study used high-throughput DNA sequencing analysis to compare blood and mouth-swab samples from 164 PV patients, 115 ET patients, and 46 MMM patients.
Researchers found that gut bacterium B. theta adapts its genome in response to changing nutrient conditions, allowing it to maintain stability of the gut's complex microbial society. The study reveals that this adaptability is crucial for maintaining intestinal health and preventing diseases such as obesity and diabetes.
Researchers find high-temperature superconductors break Pauli principle due to linked high- and low-energy scales. Strong electron interactions cause mixing of energy levels, affecting renormalization and spectral features.
A study found that individual transferable quotas decreased discard rates for most species, contrary to economic models. In British Columbia waters, the system reduced marketable fish discards to negligible amounts due to 100% observer coverage. The US West Coast fishery, however, experienced higher discard rates despite trip limits.
A three-year study aims to better understand the hormonal influences on post-natal psychiatric disorders in women. Researchers suspect that hormone signals within the brain play a key role in behavioral change following childbirth.
A new study by Ohio State University researchers may lead to a test that prevents unnecessary thyroid gland removal in people with follicular adenoma. The study identified three genes, cyclin D2, PCSK2, and PLAB, which show distinct activity levels between noncancerous and cancerous thyroid conditions.
The study found that one gene, Eda, controls the armor-plating trait in stickleback fish, which evolved rapidly after ocean fish colonized new environments. This suggests that evolution can occur quickly with just a few genes changing slightly, allowing newcomers to adapt and populate new habitats.
Researchers found that a diet rich in docosahexenoic acid (DHA) significantly slowed Alzheimer's disease progression in mice by reducing harmful brain plaques. This study suggests that boosting DHA intake may delay or prevent the disease, even for those genetically predisposed.
Scientists have discovered that deep-sea tremors can be used to predict large earthquakes with high accuracy. By analyzing data from sensors deployed on the ocean floor, researchers were able to set up an early warning system that successfully predicted six major earthquakes in a 15-kilometer radius.
The study identifies five sub-categories of relational vulnerability: external orientation, socialization to violence and power abuse, caretaker identity, and cultural factors. Women from Black communities were more likely to stay in relationships due to strong race consciousness, despite negative societal expectations.
A recent study by Ohio State University found that regular aerobic exercise can help protect muscles in the elderly from damage caused by exertion. After 10 weeks of galloping on a treadmill, retired racehorses showed fewer signs of muscle damage, even after maximum capacity workouts.
UCLA researchers have developed a revolutionary single-shot digitizer that captures lightning-quick pulses 50 times faster than the best commercially available digitizer. This breakthrough enables faster digitalization of signals and has significant implications for areas like particle physics, radar systems, and defense applications.
Researchers found that volcanic eruptions produce a relatively short atmospheric response with no discernible effects from the volcanic events afterward. Additionally, analysis using climate models suggests that the North Atlantic Oscillation may intensify with further increases in greenhouse gas concentrations.
Researchers from MIT and Daniel Webster College found that the effective tax rate on airline tickets is steadily increasing, with passengers facing a 19% average tax on top of ticket prices. The study suggests that airlines cannot raise airfares to keep pace with inflation, while taxpayers may be subsidizing security costs.
Researchers explore non-surgical options for treating cervical disease, including chemoprevention and HPV vaccines, which delay or prevent cancer development. These methods allow for monitoring of infected tissues through colposcopy, providing a safer alternative to surgery.
Research by Professor Allan Williams found that short-term migrants gained enhanced social skills, self-confidence, and networking capabilities, leading to better jobs and higher salaries in Slovakia. The study also highlighted the positive impact of these experiences on migrant's future career aspirations.
A University of Oregon geologist's analysis suggests that a 'troubled' greenhouse event 55 million years ago may indicate wider climate shifts in Africa, North America, and South America. The study confirms dramatic increases in seasonal contrast and rainfall, with potential implications for modern-day weather patterns.
Researchers at RIT have created a wearable eye tracker that enables subjects to wear the technology outside of the laboratory and even outdoors. The device tracks how eye movements support perception and what people pay attention to in order to gather information for everyday activities.
The study found that synesthetes' colors help them distinguish shapes, but are less effective than real colors. The research suggests that synesthetic colors lead to improved behavioral performance similar to real colors.
A Penn State study shows that including spending in other service sectors reduces the between-community cost difference from 81% to 18%. The system of care approach also improves youth's chances of finishing high school and making a successful transition to adulthood.
Researchers have created a mouse model of multiple system atrophy, showing symptoms similar to human MSA, including protein accumulation in oligodendrocytes and progressive motor skill problems. The study points to potential new treatment targets for brain diseases and opens up possibilities for testing therapies.
Researchers propose that spinels, rich in magnesium and iron, condensed from the cooling vapor cloud after a massive asteroid impact. The study strengthens the link between the Chicxulub impact and the mass extinction event that ended the Age of Dinosaurs.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is conducting a Phase I trial to test the safety and immune response of an inactivated H5N1 avian influenza vaccine. The trial aims to prepare for a potential pandemic, following reports of human cases and suspected transmission.
Students at three African universities will be able to test and probe microelectronic devices remotely, thanks to a partnership with MIT. The project aims to enhance science and engineering education in Africa, with cultural-exchange components and faculty collaborations.
A recent study by NYU College of Dentistry found a significant association between high levels of oral bacteria and increased risk of low birth weight and preterm delivery. The study suggests that mother's oral health may play a crucial role in the health of her newborn.
Researchers used a custom-made LCD screen to monitor hundreds of neurons in the zebra fish's brain as they matured in real time. They discovered that young neurons fire only in response to one type of movement, sparking new insights into image recognition and synaptic formation.
Researchers used an ice core to show that a key section of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet probably never contained as much ice as scientists originally thought it did. The study provides new information for interpreting climate and gives scientists new insights into how climate is changing today.
Loneliness is a strong risk factor for depression among retirement community residents, linked to factors like social network size and grieving. Retirement communities can help by encouraging outside friendships, sending reminders, and forming support groups for vulnerable individuals.
Scientists have identified several genes that appear to be switched on by lithium, which may lead to the development of more effective treatments for bipolar disorder. The study found that one gene, GPR88, is associated with a rat model of mania and codes for an orphan receptor that could potentially target dopamine signaling.
Researchers found that grapheme-color synesthetes see reported colors and experience activation in color-selective brain regions. Stronger color perception was linked to better behavioral performance.
Researchers have directly measured light from two confirmed extrasolar planets, HD 209458b and TrES-1, using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope. The gas giants, similar to Jupiter, orbit close to their stars and radiate strongly in the infrared, with temperatures reaching up to 1,574 degrees Fahrenheit.
A recent MIT survey found that the US public is poorly informed about climate change and carbon capture and storage (CCS), a key mitigation technology. The survey revealed that only 17% of respondents had heard or read about CCS in the past year, while many were unaware of other energy-related solutions like hydrogen cars and wind energy.
Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are at much higher risk of cardiac death during sleep, with peaks occurring between 10pm and 6am. The general population's lowest risk period is actually the most vulnerable time for those without sleep apnea.
Researchers developed a system that predicted six major earthquakes along East Pacific Rise transform faults using sensor data and foreshock detection. The study suggests short-term earthquake prediction may be feasible under certain circumstances.
Researchers Marcel Just and Tom Mitchell use computer models to interpret fMRI brain scans, developing a computational theory of brain activity during language processing. They also demonstrate how reading different words and sentences influences brain activity and identify specific brain regions involved in language comprehension.
Researchers found that higher levels of Actinomyces naeslundii gsp2 in pregnant women's saliva were linked to lower birth weights and preterm deliveries. In contrast, higher levels of Lactobacillus casei during pregnancy positively affected birth weight.
A NASA study suggests that soot may be contributing to the changes observed near the North Pole, including accelerated sea ice and snow melting, as well as altering atmospheric temperatures. The research found that a significant portion of soot comes from South Asia, with smaller contributions from other regions.
Researchers have created a novel Raman laser that combines the pump source and material into a single device, enhancing efficiency by 30% and reducing size. The 'matryoshka' design enables tuning of the pump laser radiation to strong electronic resonance in the material, boosting gain by five orders of magnitude.
Researchers developed plant-derived antibodies that protect against anthrax infection, providing immediate protection and a safe alternative to traditional vaccination methods. The plant-produced antibodies can be used before or after exposure and are stable for long periods, making them an attractive solution for stockpiling.
Washington University will receive funding to develop a mobile science classroom that provides interactive experiences and exhibits for elementary school students. The program aims to improve science education in underrepresented public schools, aligning with Missouri standards.
UNH has launched its second spinout company, Xemed LLC, backed by three new NIH grants to commercialize a lung imaging technology that could benefit millions suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The technology allows MRI to produce a clear picture of the lungs' interior, enabling doctors to see which parts are affected.
A review of studies published in Psychosomatic Medicine found that physically fit people have a reduced risk of heart attacks, while inactive cardiac patients who engage in vigorous activity are at higher risk. Strong emotions and stress can also trigger heart attacks in vulnerable individuals.
Lei Xu's experiment reveals that low atmospheric pressure affects the splash process, leading to a new understanding of fundamental mechanisms for splash formation. The discovery has implications for applications in technological situations where splashing occurs, such as combustion and ink-jet printing.
A review of 29 studies found that 19.6% of chronic fatigue syndrome patients improved with inactive treatments, lower than expected figures for other conditions. Behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy show benefits, but high patient expectations and a perceived physical origin may hinder treatment outcomes.
A study found that HIV-positive women with normal cervical cytology and negative HPV test results had a similar low cumulative incidence of abnormal lesions compared to HIV-negative women. The authors suggest considering psychosocial costs of positive HPV tests in these women before adjusting screening intervals
Cancer cells' DNA is tightly compacted, making it resistant to enzyme digestion, unlike healthy tissue. The study's findings suggest new diagnostic and therapeutic tools for distinguishing different types of tumors.
Researchers at Ohio State University discovered that precursors to natural killer cells are found in lymph nodes, not bone marrow. This finding may offer new insights into manipulating NK cells to enhance immune responses to cancer.
A new type of T lymphocyte called the Tn cell has been discovered by researchers at U.Va. that regulates neutrophil production. The process is known as the neutrophil turnstile, which uses negative feedback to adjust neutrophil numbers in response to bacterial presence.
A study of 611 low-income women found that abuse and recent HIV diagnosis significantly increase the risk of suicidal thoughts, attempts, depression, and anxiety. Healthcare providers should routinely screen for mental health issues in these vulnerable populations.
Scientists have successfully grown functional fat cells in a laboratory using a new microscopic three-dimensional scaffolding. The discovery may lead to breakthroughs in treating type II diabetes and could provide a source of transplantable organs.
Researchers have discovered that treated fabric can effectively kill anthrax spores, a significant finding in the field of antimicrobial textiles. The treatment shows promise for various applications, including clothing and outdoor gear, providing a potential solution for exposure to microorganisms.
A recent survey in Sudan found high mortality rates among internally displaced persons, with acute malnutrition prevalent in some areas. The study highlights the urgent need for humanitarian efforts to ensure acceptable living standards for these populations.
A University of Warwick study found a significant positive effect of spouse's life satisfaction on individual's life satisfaction for married couples. However, the same test for cohabiting couples revealed no robust evidence of joint determination of life satisfaction.
A recent review found a strong relationship between psychological problems, particularly depression, and insomnia in HIV patients. Healthcare workers should prioritize diagnosing and treating anxiety and depression to prevent insomnia and its disabling effects on patients with HIV.
Researchers found that infant vernier acuity is comparable to that of adults, with infants able to see small differences in contrast almost as well. This similarity suggests that vernier testing could be a sensitive test for visual disorders and a potential substitute for eye chart testing.
A retrospective cohort study of 292 healthcare professionals found that family history, co-existing psychiatric disorders, and opioid pain-killer use significantly increase the risk of relapse. State physician health programs should consider specialized treatment approaches to address these concerns.
Purdue University researchers discovered that some plants can revert to normal traits carried by their grandparents, bypassing genetic abnormalities carried by both parents. This challenges accepted scientific beliefs and may prompt textbook revisions.
The American Academy of Neurology has established a definition for the persistent vegetative state, a condition characterized by minimal responsiveness and limited brain activity. This definition provides clarity and consistency in the diagnosis and care of patients in this state.
Astronomers have detected periodic X-ray variations in a galaxy, suggesting a massive black hole with a mass of approximately 10,000 Suns. This finding provides strong evidence for the existence of intermediate-mass black holes, which could bridge the gap between stellar-mass and supermassive black holes.
A retrospective study found that African-American women with advanced endometrial cancer have more aggressive tumors, leading to poor survival rates compared to Caucasian patients. The study suggests biologic differences in gene expression may underlie this racial disparity.