A population-based study with up to 31 years of follow-up found that reducing tobacco consumption from heavy smoking can lower lung cancer risk. Heavy smokers who cut their daily intake by half saw a 27% reduction in lung cancer risk compared to unchanged heavy smokers.
A team of international researchers analyzed the sulphur and iron composition in the wooden timbers of the Mary Rose, an English warship wrecked in 1545. They found high concentrations of organo-sulphur compounds in the lignin-rich areas between the cells, which may have helped preserve the ship while it was submerged in seawater.
The Penn theorists describe how nanoscale particles of certain materials can work as circuit elements, enabling faster computer processors and exotic applications. The technology could also enable the creation of biological circuits and couple electronic signals to individual molecules.
Patients with fever of unknown origin have a higher risk of developing cancer, particularly haematological and sarcomas, than the general population. After several years of follow-up, diagnostic bias is believed to be a contributing factor to the association.
Researchers developed a 20-mile computer-simulated driving course to help stroke patients regain their driving skills. Patients who received simulator training were almost twice as likely to pass an official driving test, and retained the skill level achieved in training.
Studies examine prevalence of primary HIV infection, effectiveness of antidepressants in primary care, and the impact of patient-centered communication on healthcare costs. Research also explores aggressive antibiotic treatment for nursing home patients and cost-effectiveness of expanded testing for primary HIV infection.
A new strain of equine influenza virus, H3N8, has been found to infect dogs in the US, with close to 100% of infected dogs showing symptoms. The virus is highly contagious and can spread rapidly throughout dog populations, making it a major concern for dog owners.
ASU's Center for Rehabilitation Neuroscience has received significant funding to develop neural clamps, MRI systems, and adaptive electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury rehabilitation. The team aims to design techniques to investigate, replace, and repair damaged neural systems for improved mobility.
A recent study found that variations in the beta-2 gene significantly determine length of survival for acute coronary syndrome patients on beta-blockers. High-risk groups had a five times higher risk of death, while low-risk groups had a six percent mortality rate after three years.
A Yale University team has confirmed the existence and location of the long-speculated Maya city Site Q in Guatemala. The discovery was made by Marcello Canuto's team, who found an in-situ panel carved with over 140 hieroglyphs that match the style and historical chronology of the Site Q texts.
A new concept, funded by NASA's NIAC, proposes using guided balloons to study the Martian surface in unprecedented detail. These balloons can be steered towards specific targets and drop small science packages, allowing for faster exploration of the planet.
Researchers have developed a novel method for growing barium titanate films at atmospheric pressure using the localized hydrothermal technique. The method uses an aqueous alkali-earth hydroxide solution and Joule heating, resulting in low-energy consumption and simple experimental setup.
The University of California, San Diego and Keio University successfully streamed nearly six hours of 4K content in real-time via 1 Gbps IP networks from Tokyo to San Diego. The demonstration showcased the feasibility of networked distribution of high-quality digital media over long distances.
Researchers develop gene therapy that increases atrial natriuretic peptide production to control blood pressure without severely reducing it. The therapy successfully maintained healthy blood pressure levels for 125 days in mice.
A study found that certain gene variants, specifically ADRB2 genotypes, are associated with a higher risk of mortality in patients taking beta-blocker therapy for heart conditions. The researchers identified specific genotype groups at high risk for long-term mortality and suggested pharmacogenetic targeting to improve ACS care.
Robert Gallo emphasizes the need for a rational approach to HIV vaccine development, ignoring empirically driven methods and focusing on solid knowledge of HIV biology. He suggests leveraging the Gates's Foundation's Grand Challenge for Global Health to find practical solutions to scientific roadblocks.
Researchers found that patients with high levels of somatization are more likely to use healthcare services after being evaluated by doctors, suggesting that physicians may be driving the need for excessive tests. The study suggests educating doctors on recognizing somatization and treating it appropriately.
A recent study on African bird fauna found that large-scale patterns of species richness and endemism are robust to changes in species concepts. The analysis identified complexity within long-recognized centers of endemism, with certain areas acting as 'species pumps'.
A review by Stephen Gillespie and Philippe Gay finds no evidence of antibiotic resistance from GM crops being transferred to bacteria, which would be dwarfed by the impact of human antibiotics use. The authors conclude that while it's possible for transfer to occur, its contribution to antibiotic resistance is low.
A recent study by John R. Lott Jr. suggests that delays in judicial confirmations are driven by the fear of capable and influential judges who would effectively shape the courts' positions. The study, published in the Journal of Empirical Legal Studies, finds that confirmation delays limit the impact of judges on court decisions.
A study found that increased intake of phytoestrogens, found in soy products and certain fruits and vegetables, was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer. The study analyzed data from over 1,600 patients with lung cancer and matched healthy controls, revealing sex-specific differences in protective effects.
Researchers found a common genetic defect that prevents proper lung repair, increasing risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in families with a history of the disease. Smoking is also a major contributor to the disease, particularly among those with a family history.
Researchers at University of Illinois Chicago have found a new connection between the signaling protein Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) and cell migration. By studying the compound locostatin, they identified RKIP as a key player in controlling cell movement, suggesting it as a potential target for anti-cancer strategies.
Researchers at Newcastle University found that alginate, a seaweed extract, can strengthen mucus, slow digestion, and increase fibre content in foods. This compound may help reduce the incidence of diseases like bowel cancer by promoting high-fibre diets.
A study found that physicians' ability to diagnose and treat bioterrorism-related diseases improved significantly after completing an online course. The online training showed a marked increase in correct diagnosis rates, with smallpox diagnosed correctly by 79% of doctors after the course.
The American Academy of Neurology updated its guideline to recommend carotid endarterectomy for patients with severe or moderate stenosis and recent symptoms of stroke or transient ischemic attack. Carotid endarterectomy may also be considered for patients without symptoms but with a high life expectancy.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found a clear link between the number of lynchings and death sentences in US states, particularly for Black victims. The study suggests that the death penalty has become a legal replacement for lynching, with a stronger connection observed when only Black death sentences are considered.
Research suggests that performing genotype resistance testing at the time of HIV diagnosis can guide treatment choices, increasing patient survival by over 14 months. The cost-effectiveness analysis indicates a cost of $23,900 per quality-adjusted life year gained, comparable to other HIV interventions.
AZojomo is the first open-access publishing system to reward authors and peer reviewers with revenue sharing, providing a more inclusive and accessible way for scientists to publish research papers. Peer-reviewed by internationally renowned materials science experts, AZojomo ensures the credibility of published content.
A recent study by UC Irvine and USC researchers found that gang injunctions can lead to positive short-term outcomes, including reduced intimidation and visibility of gangs. However, the findings suggest that lasting community changes require additional efforts, such as vocational training and resident involvement.
A study suggests that the evolutionary history of tuberculosis is linked to historical patterns of human migration. The researchers found that the genetic signatures of over 300 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reflect the dispersal and evolution of the pathogen according to human migration patterns, with a strong gender bias obse...
A newly designed molecule, 9,10-dithioanthracene (DTA), has been engineered to walk in a straight line on a surface using its two linkers as feet. This achievement proves that molecules can be deliberately designed to perform specific dynamic tasks on surfaces.
Researchers identified two novel mutations in FGFR1 and PDGFRA, implicated in various cancers, suggesting potential for targeted therapies. The study aims to develop small molecules and antibodies to regulate mutated genes, offering new treatments for glioblastoma and other cancers.
Researchers found that pomegranate extract killed more cells at higher doses, and mice treated with pomegranate extract showed slowing of cancer progression and reduced PSA levels. The study adds to growing evidence that pomegranates have powerful agents against cancer.
The event aimed to raise awareness about the importance of maintaining strong bones, particularly for young people, who can build peak bone mass between ages 11-17. Experts stressed the need for proper diet, exercise, and lifestyle habits to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, which affects one in three women over 50 worldwide.
This study reveals that airborne particulate matter is associated with an increased risk of heart attack, particularly in individuals with damaged arteries. The research suggests that exposure to these pollutants can lead to lung inflammation and fatal blood clots.
Researchers found that smokers had a significantly higher incidence of developing diabetes compared to non-smokers, even after adjusting for other risk factors. The study suggests another poor health outcome associated with cigarette smoking, supporting current surgeon general's warnings.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that a genetic variation in the mu opioid receptor gene may make brain cells more vulnerable to addictive drugs. The A118G variation resulted in reduced protein production and altered mRNA regulation, potentially increasing an individual's susceptibility to addiction.
The new guidelines emphasize ongoing self-education and research participation, with a focus on developing physician-scientists. The report outlines specific training requirements in key areas, including echocardiography, electrophysiology, and adult congenital heart disease.
A Canadian study found that severe maternal morbidity rates declined between 1991 and 2001, with lower rates of postpartum hemorrhage requiring transfusion. However, a significant increase in uterine rupture cases was observed during this period, with women who experienced these complications being 158 times more likely to die.
During lowest-rated games, emergency room visits were 15% above normal volume due to fans showing up in the emergency department. However, after the Red Sox won a game, visits dipped by 5-15%. The study found an inverse relationship between Red Sox viewership and ER visits.
A team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology discovered that the formation of capillary structures is thermally activated. By studying the frictional forces acting on an atomic force microscope tip, they found that reducing temperatures and moving surfaces quickly can reduce adhesion between nanoscale surfaces.
A two-year study compared HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients with community-acquired pneumonia, finding no significant differences in hospitalization length or mortality rate. Treatment of HIV improves patient health and reduces infections like bacterial pneumonia.
A study has identified a genetic mutation in the SEPT9 gene as the cause of HNA, a chronic pain syndrome characterized by recurring episodes of severe pain. The mutation affects protein filaments that provide internal scaffolding for cells, leading to abnormal cell division and nerve disorders.
Korean researchers explore reusing sewage sludge in cement kiln processes, offering a potential solution for reducing organic components' negative impact on the environment. The study's findings focus on mitigating the obstacles associated with high P2O5 and Cl content in sewage sludge, paving the way for its effective utilization.
The University of Washington is broadcasting live from the Endeavour Segment of the Pacific Ocean ridge, showcasing extreme environments with eerie spires and chimneys. The transmissions will be available in standard-definition video on TV and online.
Renal transplant recipients are at increased risk for melanoma due to immunosuppression, with a 3.6-fold increase in incidence compared to the general population. The risk increases five percent per year after transplantation and is greater in men, who also experience rapid age-related increases.
A study found that nearly half of US adults have inadequate health literacy, which is associated with chronic conditions such as high blood pressure and diabetes. Individuals with low health literacy were more likely to report activity limitations and pain interfering with daily activities.
Physicians can serve as investigators in bioterrorism cases, collecting forensic evidence like in a sexual assault investigation. They should also document the patient's medical history and physical exam. This helps prevent further attacks and achieves justice.
Researchers at University of Illinois have successfully demonstrated room-temperature operation of a light-emitting transistor laser, paving the way for high-speed applications. The breakthrough could lead to faster signal processing, large capacity seamless communications, and improved electrical and optical integrated circuits.
The 2005 Science and Engineering Visualization Challenge recognizes achievements in using visual media to promote understanding of research results. The contest has awarded winning entries across five categories, including illustration, informational graphic, photography, interactive media, and non-interactive media.
A study at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center identified the neuroD2 gene as a potential controller of risk-taking behavior and emotional memory in humans. Mice with one copy of the gene showed impaired ability to form emotional memories and conditioned fear, similar to humans who have varying levels of risk-taking tendencies.
A population-based study found that women with breast cancer are more likely to be absent from work for 4 weeks or more compared to healthy women. However, by the third year, work absence patterns become similar. The study also reveals factors that modulate work absence, such as stable relationships and self-employment.
A study compared genetically modified Desirée potatoes with five conventional varieties, revealing a surprising range of variation in substance content. The analyses found that the genetically modified lines exhibited similar variation to the conventional varieties, except for higher inulin polysaccharide content.
A study found that a thorough family history is an effective measure for cancer risk, with 20% of women with breast or ovarian cancer having a high risk of BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations. Women of Ashkenazi ancestry were more likely to have high-risk family histories than those of non-Ashkenazi ancestry.
A new protocol has been developed to identify women with high-risk family histories of breast or ovarian cancer, allowing for more accurate data collection and analysis. The study found that 20.6% of participants had elevated risk levels, with higher rates among those with Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.
A study published in Neurology found that people who lost approximately one unit of BMI per year had a 35% greater risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The researchers also found a similar relationship between changes in BMI and rate of cognitive decline, which is the clinical hallmark of AD.
Researchers have identified a potential new treatment for insulin-dependent diabetes by targeting natural killer T cells. The study shows that multiple doses of alpha-galactosylceramide can reduce the production of interferon-gamma, which helps destroy transplanted islet cells.
A study of 1,234 stroke patients found that heart and neck scans were less commonly used in women than men, despite being crucial for preventing second strokes. Women were 36% less likely to receive an echo-cardiogram and 43% less likely to have carotid artery exams.
Zafra Lerman and Herman Winick will receive the Pagels Award for their tireless efforts on behalf of scientists' human rights. The award, given since 1979, recognizes individuals who have fought to protect freedom of science.