The study utilizes biomechanics to improve understanding of heritable heart disorders and prevent children's spinal injuries. New materials and treatments are also discovered to aid in surgical implants development.
Researchers developed a risk calculator that uses various statistical tests to analyze biopsy results, family history of prostate cancer, race, age, rectal examination results, and previous biopsy history. The model can help patients and physicians decide whether a prostate biopsy should be performed.
Chronic pain in elderly population projected to increase by 75% between 2010 and 2030, with limited effective treatment options. Dr. Debra Weiner emphasizes the need for more research to better treat chronic pain in older adults.
Researchers have discovered evidence of massive carbon dioxide releases into the atmosphere over a short geological timescale. Fossil records show significant changes in carbon isotope ratios, indicating sudden releases of light carbon isotopes.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that gamma ray bursts are rare and unlikely to occur near our solar system due to the Milky Way's metal content. The study suggests that GRBs pose no danger to life in our galaxy, dismissing theories of mass extinctions caused by these events.
A new mathematical model, devised by Phil Ham, calculates the size of a polluted groundwater plume and assesses natural degradation capacity. This scientifically-supported method enables predictions about the effectiveness of natural degradation as an alternative to aquifer remediation.
The Maldives AUAV Campaign has demonstrated the effectiveness of lightweight AUAVs in analyzing atmospheric chemistry, revealing how pollution particles cause dimming and contribute to cloud formation. The data produced will aid in understanding climate change science.
The US Office of Naval Research supports the joint US-Taiwan COSMIC satellite project, which will track hurricanes, monitor climate change, and accelerate space weather research. The constellation will provide real-time atmospheric data daily.
Researchers at UCSC discover that Hymenopteran insects create new centrosomes in unfertilized eggs using accessory nuclei. This process allows for the development of haploid males, which have half the number of chromosomes as females. The study sheds light on basic cell biology and the evolution of these social insects.
Researchers present new discoveries on topics ranging from molecular biology to clinical diagnosis and treatment of smell and taste disorders. Key findings include zebrafish exhibiting robust light responses, flavor and fragrance scientists working to uncover basic science behind sensory delights.
Chromosomes in the cell nucleus exhibit directed, long-range movement that depends on actin and myosin, contradicting earlier theories on gene location. The study reveals a mechanism for actively moving chromosomes between the periphery and interior of the nucleus.
Research highlights how mega-brands, such as processed foods with high sugar and salt content, maintain market share despite health concerns. Supermarkets favor these brands due to their high sales velocity and profit margins, perpetuating unhealthy eating habits.
Scientists create new voltage-sensitive dyes that allow them to image the electrical activity of cells deep within the heart. These dyes provide a more complete picture of normal and abnormal heart rhythms, shedding light on the causes of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Researchers have discovered how certain zeolites form, enabling targeted methods to create crystals with precise sizes and shapes. The study reveals a step-by-step process, including silicon-oxygen nanoparticles forming first, which can be used to develop tailored designs for specific applications.
A new study finds that PCOS is associated with elevated cholesterol levels, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in mothers. The long-term health consequences of PCOS are significant, and mothers should be screened for cardiovascular disease risk factors.
Researchers at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital develop a strategy to identify 'light bulb genes' linked to medulloblastoma mutations, helping to predict which children will respond to new treatments. The approach could also be applied to other types of cancer.
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that overexpression of microRNA miR155 leads to the development of a neoplastic disease in transgenic mice. The researchers believe that miR155 acts as an oncogene, promoting abnormal cell growth and cancerous transformations.
A study examining Campylobacter jejuni isolates from 585 Australian patients found only 2% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, a type of fluoroquinolone. This low level of resistance likely reflects Australia's policy of prohibiting fluoroquinolones for animal use.
Researchers found that blocking microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1 in mice reduces cardiovascular risk, while retaining the benefit of Vioxx and Celebrex. The study suggests a promising alternative for patients with arthritis, conserving clinical benefits while managing cardiovascular risks.
A study found that tanning advertisements appeared in 48% of Colorado high schools' newspapers between 2001 and 2005. The ads often promoted discounts for students or labeled as 'prom specials', but only 13% featured UV-free tanning options.
Researchers found that 20% of participants developed additional melanoma within one year and 27% within two years after initial diagnosis. Those with atypical moles had a higher risk of developing additional melanomas, with those having three or more atypical moles being four times more likely to develop multiple tumors.
Researchers found a genetic switch controlling animal development and cancer growth, involving protein PTEN. The discovery provides insight into cancer progression and suggests additional genes may be involved.
A survey of healthcare staff in the US found that over 40% would be unlikely to report to work during a flu pandemic, while 66% feared putting themselves at risk. The study also showed that many felt the need for additional training to prepare for such an event.
A new study by UC Davis Cancer Center researchers reveals that smoking is a significant contributor to cancer death rates among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. The study found that non-lung cancer death rates correlate closely with smoke exposures, suggesting that eliminating smoking could lead to very low cancer mortality rates.
Researchers found that salmonid fish gene expression is controlled by a few major genes and can predict their future lifestyle. This study reveals how programs of gene expression shape different developmental outcomes in these fish, which exhibit exceptional life-history variation.
Researchers have successfully completed 18 data-gathering missions using autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles in pollution-filled skies over the Maldives. The aircraft flew in synchronous vertical formation, collecting unprecedented detail on how pollution particles contribute to cloud formation and dimming.
Researchers have discovered nearly 4,000 genes associated with high and low alcohol consumption in mice, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms underlying excessive drinking. These findings could lead to new targets for treating alcoholism.
A study of 40 wrong-site surgery cases found a rate of one in 112,994 non-spine procedures. Implementation of the JCAHO protocol would have prevented eight cases, highlighting the importance of site-verification interventions.
A study found that clinical staff, such as physicians and nurses, were more likely to report for work than technical or support staff. The willingness to report was strongest among employees who perceived an importance in their work during a pandemic, while technical workers felt they had little role to play.
A mathematical model reveals that implementing isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) in co-infected individuals may increase the transmission of drug-resistant TB. Large-scale IPT programs need to be equipped to diagnose and treat resistant cases as part of their strategy.
Researchers discovered that octopuses generate two waves of muscle contraction to create joint-like bends in their arms, allowing for precise point-to-point movements. This human-like strategy suggests that articulated limbs controlled by joints are the optimal solution for achieving such movements.
A recent study published in Archives of Surgery found that tightly controlled blood sugar levels before surgery can significantly reduce the risk of postoperative infections in diabetic patients. The research involved 490 diabetic patients who underwent major noncardiac surgery between 2000 and 2003, with 197 having good glycemic control.
A study of 56 children with Down syndrome found that 57% had abnormal sleep patterns and evidence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In contrast to parental reports, only 25% met the normal REM sleep criteria.
A six-year study analyzing data from 1 million mammograms reveals racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer screenings. African-American women are more likely to have inadequate screening before diagnosis, whereas Asian and Native American women tend to underutilize mammography, leading to higher advanced-stage tumor rates.
A study led by Binghamton University aims to address cardiovascular disease in rural women, who face unique challenges such as limited access to healthcare and healthy habits. Researchers will employ two techniques: community intervention and nursing interventions, tailored to individual readiness to change behavior.
A randomized controlled trial found that telephone support from bilingual prevention care managers significantly increased cancer screening rates among low-income and minority women. The intervention resulted in a 12% increase in mammography screenings, a 7% increase in Papanicolaou tests, and a 13% increase in colorectal screenings.
Researchers reveal that specific physical and chemical cues guide CD8+ T cells to sites of activation in the lymph node. This discovery provides insight into the fundamental behavior of the immune system and suggests new approaches to vaccine strategies.
Emmanuel Candes, a Caltech professor, has been awarded the $500,000 Waterman Award for his groundbreaking work in harmonic analysis and signal processing. His research aims to improve signal processing and analyze complex waves, with potential applications in medical imaging and everyday technologies.
A new curriculum at the University of Kentucky aims to teach healthcare professionals to evaluate and prescribe medications in a cost-effective manner, reducing influence from pharmaceutical marketing. The program will be taught online and in classrooms to medical students, physician assistants, and practicing clinicians.
A survey of 141 physicians and medical students found that female respondents were more likely to perceive sex discrimination in surgery, citing workload considerations and lifestyle concerns as deterrents. The results suggest addressing these concerns to attract both men and women to surgery, but also highlight the need to confront a ...
Researchers found that a high-caloric ketogenic diet slowed ALS progression in mice by promoting mitochondrial energy production and membrane stabilization. The study suggests that dietary interventions may offer new therapeutic options for ALS patients.
A team of researchers from the University of Toronto has developed a new paint-on laser technology using colloidal quantum dots. This innovation could help alleviate the interconnect bottleneck in computer chip industry, which is expected to reach its capacity around 2010.
A recent study by McMaster University professor Ashish Pujari found that companies must integrate environmental impact across the organization to make green products successful. This shift in focus is paying off in increased return on investment, higher sales, and enhanced competitiveness.
A study by Kermyt G. Anderson investigated the correlation between men's perceptions of fatherhood and actual paternity rates worldwide. The results show that men with high paternity confidence are indeed the biological fathers over 98% of the time, while those with low confidence are incorrect in more than 70% of cases.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have made significant progress in understanding how yeast cells communicate with each other through quorum sensing. This complex process allows yeast to coordinate behaviors such as biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance.
Clathrin is found to play a role in regulating nuclear morphology and gene expression in plants. The study reveals that clathrin is involved in the formation of nuclear structures and influences gene regulation pathways.
Researchers at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have identified SIRT7 as a key regulator of cellular metabolism and longevity. The study reveals that SIRT7 promotes the activity of key enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism, leading to improved energy balance and lifespan.
Researchers found that chronic exposure to cortisol, a human stress hormone, contributes to symptoms of depression and anxiety in mice. Mice given chronic doses took longer to emerge from a dark compartment into a brightly lit environment, indicating increased fearfulness.
Researchers found that patients with severe COPD walked significantly further while breathing Heliox 28 than with other gas mixtures. The study suggests that using lower-density helium gas can reduce airway resistance and improve respiratory gas exchange for these patients.
A new gene, Lazaro, has been discovered to reduce retinal degeneration in fruit flies by enhancing the production of diacylglycerol, a key player in controlling TRP channels. This discovery may have implications for understanding sensory signaling in mammals.
Patients with severe sleep-disordered breathing have a higher prevalence of arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia. The study found that individuals with SDB are more vulnerable to nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death.
Researchers have developed graphene circuitry comparable to carbon nanotubes, allowing for high-volume production. The material exhibits high electron mobility and coherence, enabling the transport of electrons through waveguides. Challenges ahead include improving patterning techniques and understanding fundamental properties.
Researchers at University at Buffalo have determined that the temperature difference between air and water controls the amount of mist at Niagara Falls. The study found that a higher temperature difference results in a thicker and more substantial mist plume, contrary to previous reports linking high-rise hotels to increased mist levels.
Automatic influences over us are typically benign and help keep us in touch with our present circumstances while our conscious mind is time-traveling into the past or future. The article highlights the importance of acknowledging these unconscious influences to regain control.
The lizard's parietal eye photoreceptors contain two pigments, allowing it to respond to blue and green light in the same cell. This unique mechanism may have been an economical way to detect changes in sunlight during dawn and dusk. The study proposes a 'missing link' between the light-sensing apparatus of lower animals and humans.
Researchers developed a microfluidic instrument to measure interfacial tension between two fluids. The device tracks changes over time as drops move through the channel, producing a measurement in approximately 1 second.
Researchers have identified two proteins, Bid and Bax, as major players in cell death during ischemic renal failure. The study aims to understand the process to manipulate it for better kidney treatment.
Researchers have developed a new technology that uses a bioactive cement scaffold to improve bone grafts. The scaffold is seeded with patient cells and formed with a calcium phosphate material strengthened by adding chitosan, which enhances cell attachment and reduces the risk of rejection.
Researchers have identified a new global mechanism for gene repression, using histones and the SUMO protein to silence genes. The study found that sumoylation occurs near telomeres and is involved in maintaining genomic stability.
Researchers have provided new insight into enzyme function through detailed experimental observations and theoretical analysis. Their findings suggest that enzymes use quantum mechanical tunnelling to overcome energy barriers, which could lead to improved pharmaceuticals and manufacturing processes.