Lung surfactant plays a crucial role in balancing host defense and reducing surface tension. Research has also linked surfactant to the innate and adaptive immune systems, with collectins such as SP-A and SP-D regulating immune responses and preventing infection and lung injury.
The team, led by Joerg Lahann, aims to create a non-invasive and inexpensive over-the-counter breast cancer screening test using metabolites present in breath. The device will utilize switchable surfaces that can attract and detect cancer-indicating metabolites.
A new study by the University of Queensland research has found a link between cannabis use and marital changes in children up to age 21. Children who experienced more frequent changes in their parents' marital status were more likely to report cannabis use, with almost half having used cannabis at some point.
This study compares pregnancy risks and outcomes among babies born to foreign-born Asian-Indian, U.S.-born Asian-Indian, foreign-born Mexican, and U.S.-born Mexican mothers. Foreign-born Asian-Indian women face higher rates of low birth weight and small for gestational age babies despite a low-risk socio-demographic profile.
Panitumumab significantly improves progression-free survival and disease control in patients with mCRC, with a median duration of response of 17 weeks. The treatment was well-tolerated, with few major adverse reactions.
Using bird-mounted cameras, researchers can measure key aspects of a bird's flight with unprecedented accuracy. By analyzing the motion data from these onboard systems, scientists hope to gain insights into the intricate mechanics behind a bird's flight, including its control system and body motion.
A Finnish study found ICP associated with higher incidence of hepatitis C, non-alcoholic cirrhosis, gallstones and cholecystitis. Women who had ICP were more likely to be hospitalized due to liver diseases during the study period.
Researchers have successfully induced neotendon formation in mesenchymal stem cells using the Smad8 signaling pathway. This breakthrough could lead to new cell-based therapeutic approaches for musculoskeletal injuries.
The rural population in England is ageing at an accelerated rate, with 5.3m projected growth until 2028 driven primarily by the rise in people aged 60 and above. Rural areas are expected to experience a higher proportion of residents over 50, trebling numbers of those aged 85 and over.
A large-scale model simulates the spread of a pandemic influenza virus in the US population, exploring the impact of interventions such as vaccination and social distancing. The study finds that stockpiling vaccines and implementing a combination of mitigation strategies could be effective in slowing the spread of the flu.
Researchers found that the feedback system regulating eye growth doesn't consider all spatial frequencies and only focuses on the finest detail present. This discovery has implications for the development of myopia and suggests that images of low contrast can be just as effective at initiating growth as blurred images.
A new study challenges the notion of an autism epidemic in the US, citing inconsistencies in special education data and diagnostic practices. Researchers argue that changes in how children are labeled as having special needs can lead to misleading trends and undermine efforts to accurately measure the scope of developmental disability.
A Packard/Stanford study found a correlation between increased screen time and subsequent requests for toys and junk food in children. Over a 20-month period, the study showed that kids who spent more time watching TV or playing video games made more requests for unhealthy treats.
Researchers have developed novel diagnostic tests for lung cancer using airway gene expression assays, which identified three times as many early-stage cancers as conventional bronchoscopy. Genetic signatures from epithelial cells complement clinical results to diagnose 95% of patients with lung cancer.
Studies confirm celecoxib reduces the formation of large intestinal adenomas and incidence of pre-malignant tumors in high-risk patients. Celecoxib also showed reduced risk of advanced neoplasms, severe dysplasia, or invasive cancer.
A new study found that high good cholesterol levels (HDL) are a strong predictor of reduced heart attack risk, while low bad cholesterol levels (LDL) are not. The researchers suggest that current guidelines should focus on both HDL and LDL cholesterol levels.
The western prairies in Canada are facing a dire water crisis due to climate change, drought, and human activity. The region's glaciers are dwindling, snowpacks are decreasing, and precipitation evaporation is increasing, exacerbating the issue.
Research reveals that people's mood can influence their choices, particularly in situations involving risk-taking behavior, social interactions, and financial decisions. The studies found that thinking about one's own mood can increase concern with the pleasurable consequences of decisions, leading to less optimal outcomes.
A study found that vitamin C depletion is associated with lower body fat, but not with weight loss in a short-term low-fat diet. Participants who took a vitamin C supplement had increased blood levels of vitamin C and improved ability to oxidize fat.
Researchers found that elevating perceived sexual competition in male house mice led to increased vigorous thrusting and premature ejaculation during copulation. Males were nearly twice as likely to ejaculate on a second occasion when a rival male was present.
The study found that explicit and implicit memory are strongly linked during encoding of new information, as measured by brain signal patterns. Researchers observed a reduction in brain activation when photos were viewed again, indicating repetition attenuation and a signature of implicit memory.
A study found that regular religious attendance is linked to a lifespan extension of 1.8-3.1 years, comparable to statin therapy (2.1-3.7 years) and physical exercise (3.0-5.1 years). Religious attendance may also be more cost-effective than statins.
Physiologist Dr. Pawelczyk highlights the human body's challenges in space life medicine and physiology, including radiation effects and heavy metal ion bombardment. He emphasizes the importance of current and future research to address these issues and prevent health problems such as osteoporosis and cancer risk.
Researchers are developing bionic implants that mimic original functions, surpassing the power of natural organs. Digital humans walk across computer screens, revealing complex interplay of muscles and bones, while wearable robotic systems turn wearers into super-strong individuals.
African stonechats exhibit spontaneous nocturnal activity echoing that of European stonechats, indicating the presence of Zugunruhe. The researchers propose that this migratory program may be a common avian feature, allowing birds to adapt to environmental changes.
Researchers found that training teens on media literacy can significantly reduce smoking behaviors, intentions, and attitudes. The study's scale for measuring media literacy correlated with smoking patterns and showed promise as a component of tobacco control programs.
Dasatinib has shown promise in treating leukemia patients resistant to standard therapies, with 93% complete hematologic response and 45% major cytogenetic response. However, relapses have occurred in certain patient groups due to dasatinib-resistant BCR-ABL mutations.
A study analyzing patient data from over 60,000 women across six countries reveals HPV testing is highly sensitive and reproducible, with a sensitivity rate of 96% overall. Cytology was less effective but more specific in older women.
A study published in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association found that preschool children who watched TV during lunch ate significantly less than those who did not. However, children who frequently watched TV also tended to eat more on TV days, suggesting a potential link between TV viewing and overeating in young children.
A study found that ramelteon significantly reduced time to fall asleep in approximately two-thirds of patients, with no rebound insomnia or withdrawal effects. The medication showed effectiveness in treating chronic insomnia, representing an alternative option for patients seeking a safe sleeping aid.
A study published in Developmental Cell identified several hundred genes involved in cell migration and material transport, shedding light on the mechanisms of human cancer spread. The research found that these genes share similarities with those found in human metastatic breast cancer cells.
A team led by Dr Josephine Bowles and Professor Peter Koopman discovered that retinoic acid, a derivative of Vitamin A, triggers the beginning of meiosis in female embryos, resulting in egg production. In males, an enzyme suppresses meiosis until after birth, leading to sperm production.
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) patients develop fewer complications than hepatitis C patients, but those with normal liver functions still face mortality risk from sepsis and cardiac events. The study highlights the importance of future therapeutic interventions for NASH patients.
A study by Lee S. Berk found that watching a favorite funny movie increases beta-endorphins by 27% and human growth hormone by 87%. This 'anticipatory mirthful laughter experience' has long-lasting effects on stress reduction and immune response.
A study of 1,016 children found that those exposed to more than two hours of television per day were more likely to be overweight at ages 36 months and 54 months. The research suggests that even background TV exposure can contribute to weight gain through unhealthy snacking and advertising.
A Wake Forest physician has successfully grown functional bladder organs in patients with congenital defects, showing improved bladder function and reduced kidney damage over time. The lab-grown bladders eliminated the need for surgical repair with intestine tissue, offering a potential solution to organ shortages.
A recent study found that diabetes care has improved over the past decade, but two in five people with diabetes still have poor control of cholesterol and blood pressure. Lifestyle changes can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease for those with mild hypertension.
Research at a public hospital found that African-American and white women have similar prognostic profiles for estrogen receptor and tumor grade. Low economic standing is linked to poor outcomes, regardless of racial background. Socioeconomic status, not biological factors, may contribute to breast cancer disparities.
Researchers have discovered that high carbon levels can inhibit the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a dangerous human pathogen. This finding suggests that increasing local carbon availability could be an effective way to prevent infection.
The study found that Nrf2 plays a crucial role in regulating the body's inflammatory response and protecting against oxidative stress. Mice deficient in Nrf2 expressed increased levels of cytokines, leading to early death in sepsis cases, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
A pilot study found elevated Bcl-2 levels in patients with ovarian cancer, associated with 92% of cases, while CA125 tests identified only 68%. The research aims to develop a safe, non-invasive detection method for ovarian cancer.
Dr. Teitelbaum's research reveals that blocking integrin receptors on osteoclasts can prevent bone loss in osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, offering new drug targets. Additionally, his work has shed light on the effects of protease inhibitors on osteoclasts in HIV/AIDS patients.
Researchers found that omega-3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) inhibited the growth of liver cancer cells, whereas omega-6 fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) had no effect. The compounds induced apoptosis and decreased beta-catenin levels, which are involved in tumor progression.
The HealthGrades study reveals a significant increase in hospital incidents, with Medicare patients experiencing one-in-four chance of dying during hospitalization. Top-performing hospitals and states like Minnesota show progress in patient safety, with potential cost savings of $2.45 billion.
Research reveals that fish larvae can't maintain a horizontal body position while coasting, leading to increased drag and poor swimming abilities. This conclusion refutes previous theories on poor hatchling swimming, providing new insights into pectoral fin development and swimbladder formation.
The APS lecturer's videos provided a real-time look at immune cell interactions in a mouse lymph node, highlighting how dendritic cells teach T cells to respond to infections. The research focuses on leukocyte recruitment and trafficking, particularly in the lymph nodes.
Researchers have discovered the structure of Anopheles gambiae's 3-hydroxykynurenine transaminase, a key enzyme in its oxidative defense mechanism. This finding could lead to the development of novel antimalarial agents by inhibiting this enzyme and disrupting the malaria parasite's lifecycle.
The Society for Experimental Biology is developing a new e-journal to showcase top UK undergraduate research. Interested stakeholders are keen to use the system, which aims to address concerns around copyright and incorporate online review procedures.
The Mayo Clinic research identifies a signaling mechanism by which natural killer cells initiate a toxic response against cancers and viruses. The discovery provides crucial information for designing therapies to stop, reverse or protect against cancer.
Research using government data found that children consuming 100% juice had lower z-scores for body mass index than non-juice consumers. Total fruit intake was three times higher among juice consumers, supporting the nutritional benefits of whole fruits and juices.
A study published at the AACR annual meeting found that a history of allergies and asthma significantly reduces the risk of developing brain tumors. Individuals with allergies or asthma had a lower risk of glioblastoma, mid-grade anaplastic astrocytoma, and low-grade gliomas compared to those without these conditions.
A study of 216 individuals found that those living on the coast reported more health issues, with a mean symptom score of 14.1 compared to inland residents. The authors conclude that long-term effects of crude oil spills on local populations warrant further investigation.
Researchers found a significant increase in cancer risk among first-degree relatives of lung cancer patients, particularly young onset cancers. The study's findings suggest that genetic factors play a crucial role in the development of lung cancer and other types of cancer.
Researchers have identified a multi-marker panel of 20 proteins that correctly recognize over 98% of serum samples from women with ovarian cancer, offering higher diagnostic power than any other published assay. The study uses novel technology to analyze multiple proteins in a single drop of blood or serum and aims to develop this scre...
Native insects provide valuable services worth $50 billion in recreation industry, $4.5 billion in pest control, $3 billion in crop pollination, and conserving grazing lands valued at $380 million annually. Insects are crucial for human survival, and their ecological functions need to be conserved or enhanced through research investment.
A new scientific review highlights the effectiveness of vegetarian diets in promoting weight loss, with body weights averaging 3-20% lower than meat-eaters. A low-fat vegan diet leads to a weekly weight loss of about 1 pound without additional exercise or calorie restrictions.
Researchers found that waves in cancer cells selectively round up activated growth-promoting proteins, which can help terminate signals and prevent cancerous traits. This discovery provides new insights into the role of waves in cancer cell metastasis.
Researchers found that individuals with depression who exhibit increased activity in certain brain regions are more likely to respond to CBT. The study used fMRI to identify these regions, which included the subgenual cingulate cortex and amygdala.
A study by Losey and Vaughan estimates the economic value of ecological services provided by insects at $57 billion annually in the United States. The services include natural control of crop pests, pollination, and wildlife nutrition, valued at $4.5 billion, $3 billion, and $50 billion respectively.
A Mayo Clinic study found that a specific gene profile of HOXB13 and IL17BR is an independent marker of early breast cancer relapse or death in lymph node-negative breast cancer. This discovery has significant clinical implications, suggesting the potential for improved treatment outcomes for high-risk patients.