Scientists have discovered that a cell-signaling molecule Akt plays a key role in the progression of melanomas from non-invasive to invasive cancers. Understanding this molecular difference could lead to new targets for treating advanced stage melanoma, with a survival rate of 98% for radial melanomas on the surface of the skin.
A study from UNC School of Medicine suggests that improving healthcare access is key to reducing disparities in prostate cancer among black men. The lack of regular healthcare and trust in physicians hindered their ability to receive preventative care, leading to higher death rates.
Brown University researchers found that naturally occurring vitamin C reacts with chromium 6 to cause massive DNA damage, leading to cancer. The study suggests that even low doses of chromium 6 combined with vitamin C can produce significant genetic mutations.
A study published in Cancer Cell reveals that a specific sequence of genetic mutations determines the behavior of cystic pancreatic cancer, which has a 50% long-term survival rate. The research found that cells with this mutation are resistant to TGFb's tumor-promoting properties, contributing to their improved survival.
Researchers at University of Sheffield have developed a new technique to enhance x-ray microscope images, enabling the capture of high-resolution 3D images of any molecular structure. They aim to develop the ultimate x-ray microscope with computer-aided image processing and potentially replace lenses with solid-state optical microscopes.
Researchers identified a third native North American bamboo species, Arundinaria appalachiana, which differs from other two species in dropping its leaves in the fall. This discovery was made by Iowa State University botanists Lynn Clark and Jimmy Triplett, along with their colleague Alan Weakley.
A Canadian Medical Association Journal study reveals patients with psychiatric illness have a higher mortality rate and limited access to circulatory disease procedures like heart disease and stroke treatment. The study highlights existing barriers to healthcare equity for individuals with mental health conditions.
Scientists discovered that soil color can be as accurate as laboratory tests in predicting carbon content. The study found that typical description colors done by a soil scientist were nearly as effective in predicting SOC values as the more expensive method of deriving colors by a chroma meter.
Research finds that music training fine-tunes brainstem's sensitivity to speech sounds, benefiting learning activities, and potentially improving sound encoding skills. The study suggests a dynamic relationship between the brainstem and neocortex, allowing basic sensory circuitry to be malleable.
Researchers at Rice University discovered that gold nanorods can spontaneously self-assemble into ring-shaped structures within seconds. The rings are made of tiny gold rods and form due to the condensation of water droplets onto a solution of the rods in a nonpolar solvent.
A recent study found that a magnitude 8.0 earthquake in Tonga was likely a slab-tearing event, which explains why the resulting tsunami was relatively small and caused no damage. The researchers deployed seven seismograph stations to record aftershocks beneath the surface, providing insights into the nature of earthquakes in the region.
Researchers studied two lung cancer-derived EGFR mutants and found distinct differences in inhibitor binding, leading to overactivation of the enzyme. The study suggests that specific mutants have unique targets for inhibition, potentially reducing toxicity and increasing effectiveness.
Scientists at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute mapped the structures of small molecules and mutated protein receptors in non-small cell lung cancer cells. They found that two inhibitors bind more tightly to specific mutations, potentially leading to more effective treatments.
A new study found that the most commonly used malaria vaccine may not be effective against the prevalent strain in Mali. The researchers discovered that only 16% of infections were caused by the strain included in the vaccine, highlighting the importance of testing vaccines in diverse populations.
Researchers at University of Massachusetts Amherst have developed a new technique using the Ultrachron machine to analyze monazite mineral, allowing them to pin dates to geologic processes with high accuracy. This breakthrough is providing new insights into the expansion of the North American continent and the growth of the Himalayas.
Researchers at CSHL have successfully corrected an mRNA splicing defect in SMA patients, using RNA splicing antisense technology. The therapy holds promise for treating the genetic disease, which causes progressive muscle weakness and respiratory failure.
Research from the Framingham Heart Study found that people with long-lived parents are more likely to avoid high blood pressure, cholesterol, and other cardiovascular risk factors in middle age. Long-lived parents also conferred a lower risk of cardiovascular disease over time.
A recent study by Phil Howard and Kris Erickson found that 60% of breached-record incidents between 1980 and 2006 were caused by organizational mismanagement, such as missing or stolen hardware. The number of reported incidents more than tripled in 2005 and 2006 after California's pioneering Notice of Security Breach law took effect.
A new study finds anxiety to be as prevalent as depression, affecting nearly 20% of patients in primary care. The GAD-7 screening tool identifies undiagnosed anxiety disorders, highlighting the importance of physician assessment.
A study found that individuals with a higher body mass index (BMI) are less likely to be discharged directly home after hospitalization for an ischemic stroke. The risk was significant across BMI categories, with 26% chance of discharge in the highest group compared to 45% in leaner patients.
Urologists are urging transport companies and family doctors to develop strict guidelines for staff with kidney stones, as sudden attacks can cause debilitating pain and pose safety risks. The authors have devised their own guidelines, but stress the need for governing bodies to create formal ones.
A new funding agreement will help conserve and manage the world's thousands of unique rice varieties. The IRRI's genebank provides the last line of defense against famine, especially in times of war, natural disasters, and pests/diseases.
Researchers at Stowers Institute have identified a cellular factor that can reverse histone trimethylation associated with mixed lineage leukemia. This discovery may lead to the identification of new targets for the treatment of leukemia caused by MLL translocations.
Researchers find that stress hormone THP increases anxiety in adolescents by reversing its calming effect, contributing to pubertal angst. The discovery sheds new light on the causes of mood swings during puberty.
Human ancestors used short legs to gain a fighting advantage, helping males compete for females. The study analyzed nine primate species and found that shorter legs correlated with higher aggression indicators, including body weight and canine tooth size ratios.
Researchers used human embryonic stem cells to treat a degenerative disease in mice, demonstrating the first successful use of hESCs in a diseased brain. The treatment not only replaced damaged nerve cells but also boosted the brain's supply of an enzyme and reduced inflammation.
Scientists have demonstrated that fermions, particles predicted by quantum mechanics to avoid close proximity, indeed exhibit an 'anti-bunching' effect, repelling each other due to quantum interferences. This finding enables the detection of correlations between atoms and advances our understanding of matter at the quantum scale.
Researchers successfully created a magnetic field in a highly turbulent flow of liquid sodium, exhibiting remarkable similarities with cosmic magnetic fields. This breakthrough advances our understanding of the mechanisms behind the formation of natural magnetic fields.
Researchers calculated the probability of periodicity in climate shifts, finding that they hit a beat 70% of the time. Simulations showed that if climate shifts were truly random, the actual regularity would likely be lower, making them unpredictable.
A study found that Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) significantly impacts daily activities such as reading, computer work, professional work, and watching TV. DES affects an estimated 4.8 million people in the US, with women more likely to be affected than men.
Researchers at the University of Alberta found that advanced cancer patients experience unique and persistent taste and smell abnormalities, leading to malnutrition and poor quality of life. A personalized diet tailored to an individual's needs may improve their quality of life.
As people age, their neurons must speak more loudly to muscles to achieve precise control, leading to poorer physical responses and increased falls. Exercise, such as weight training, can increase firing rates and preserve motor capacity in older adults.
Scientists have detailed images of a bacterial cell wall target that could aid in designing new antibiotics to treat deadly infections. The images, published in the journal Science, show an antibiotic called moenomycin binding to the enzyme, providing a new understanding of its structure and function.
The Flat Plasma Spectrometer (FlaPS) is a tiny analyzer developed by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory to study plasma depletions in the ionosphere. The spectrometer's small size and low power consumption make it ideal for large-scale missions, enabling dozens of instruments to be carried on microsatellites.
Researchers at Delft University Technology replicate cylindrical fluid flow to generate slowly growing magnetic field. New experimental facilities enable more realistic replication of Earth's magnetic core.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered a way to pre-screen cancer patients for blood cancer drugs by testing for p53, a tumor-suppressor protein. This test may help identify patients who are most likely to respond to treatment and avoid harmful side effects.
Gold nanorods spontaneously form rings due to condensation of water droplets on their surface, changing optical and electromagnetic properties. The discovery could lead to development of novel nanodevices such as highly sensitive sensors and invisible objects.
Professor Ray Dolan of UCL Institute of Neurology received the prestigious Max Planck Research Award 2007 for his groundbreaking research on neuromodulation and behaviour. The award will support his investigation into neurochemical mechanisms underlying emotional learning and decision-making in humans.
A study by Duke University Medical Center found that having both type 2 diabetes and depression significantly increases the risk of death for heart patients. This is because individuals with diabetes who also experience depression may be less motivated to follow their self-care regimen, thereby putting them at a higher risk.
Researchers have developed nanoelectrodes that can be used for electrochemical and biochemical sensing within living cells. The probes, which are 100 nanometers in diameter, can be controlled precisely where they penetrate a cell or pinpoint smaller structures like the nucleus or mitochondrion.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania found that common inhaled anesthetics increase amyloid plaque appearance and cognitive decline in genetically engineered mice. The study suggests a potential link between long-term anesthesia use and early-onset Alzheimer's disease.
SHIMMER is the first satellite-based instrument using spatial heterodyne spectroscopy to image the Earth's atmosphere and track altitude profiles of the hydroxyl radical. CITRIS will detect scintillation and refraction in the ionosphere, providing global maps of ionospheric densities and irregularities to improve navigation systems.
The UCF research aims to make small unmanned spyplanes smarter by allowing them to communicate with each other, follow targets and hand off tracking. The project enables real-time data transmission of 3D images, providing valuable intelligence to troops on battlefields.
Researchers have confirmed that cuttlefish employ night camouflage to adapt quickly to microhabitats on temperate rock reefs. The ability is key to their nighttime predator/prey interactions and fine-tuned visual system, allowing them to dominate the dark environment.
Researchers found genetic markers associated with lower scores in tests measuring anger, hostility, and aggression in women. The study identified two alterations in the serotonin receptor 2C gene promoter region linked to increased risk of hypertension, glucose metabolism, and heart diseases.
Researchers have discovered a peptide that can free the protein p73, which induces tumor cell death, and effectively kills both p53-sufficient and p53-deficient human tumor cell lines. The study suggests targeting the p73-mediated pathway could provide a new avenue for developing anticancer therapeutics.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that adding cholesterol to zebrafish embryos exposed to small amounts of alcohol restored normal development. Fetal alcohol syndrome affects the nervous and cardiovascular systems, leading to growth retardation, facial abnormalities, and lowered mental functioning.
Researchers at UGA show rats can think about their own thinking, knowing when they don't know an answer. The study opens new areas of research on animal cognition and memory, challenging previous beliefs that only primates possess metacognition.
Researchers at Michigan State University found that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced by burning tobacco interfere with cell communication, promoting pancreatic cancer. PAHs do not initiate cancer but contribute to its promotion.
Recent studies show that major changes in life circumstances, such as marriage, divorce, or illness, can have long-term impact on happiness levels. Happiness levels can change over time, and individual differences play an important role in adaptation processes.
Five UH geosciences professors are recognized for their outstanding achievements in various fields of study. Janok Bhattacharya receives the Grover E. Murray Memorial Distinguished Educator Award, while Aibing Li receives a $450,000 NSF Faculty Early Career Development Award supporting research and education integration. Fred Hilterman...
A worldwide general warning is warranted due to the significant health risks posed by mercury-contaminated fish, particularly for children and women of childbearing age. The Madison Declaration on Mercury Pollution highlights the need for effective national and international policies to combat this global problem.
Researchers have discovered a new treatment for malaria, which showed that longer-acting drugs can prevent patients from getting sick again within six weeks. The study found that combining two drugs increased the effectiveness of treatment and reduced the risk of relapse.
The CRADA team, comprising Argonne National Laboratory, USCAR and the Plastics Division of the American Chemistry Council, has been awarded the Plastics Recycling and Sustainability Award. The team's work focuses on mechanical recycling technologies and chemical conversion of end-of-life vehicle materials to fuels and chemicals.
GTRI researchers patented a digital process for aircraft radar warning receivers, improving stability and reducing cost. The new digital crystal video receiver can detect RF signals over a wide range of frequencies, making it more robust and efficient.
A study by Mayo Clinic researchers found that normal cell phone use has no noticeable impact on patient care equipment. The five-month test involving 300 calls and 192 medical devices revealed no problems incurred.
Researchers successfully tag sperm whales and jumbo squid swimming together, providing new insights into the diving behavior of both species. The study, published in Marine Ecology Progress Series, raises questions about the feeding habits and hunting strategies of sperm whales and their prey.
The study of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 060729 reveals a wider energy release and potential magnetar powering some GRBs. The XRT detected the GRB's afterglow for over 125 days, defying expectations.
Researchers found that rats can judge whether they have enough information to pass a test, opting out more frequently when the task is difficult. This ability broadens our understanding of cognitive skills in animals and may provide opportunities for studying metacognition's neuroanatomical mechanisms.
The collaboration aims to broaden the scientific basis for targeted cancer therapies, combining expertise from NDDO, ESMO, and NCI. The partnership will further accelerate early-phase clinical trials and translational research, strengthening ties between European and US cancer research communities.