Research suggests sweat can carry hepatitis B virus, potentially transmitting the infection during contact sports. The study found that 13% of Olympic wrestlers had hidden or occult HBV infection and 11% had particles of the virus in their sweat.
A team of researchers calls for better forecasting of extinction rates due to global warming. They argue that current models overestimate extinction risks and propose eight recommendations to improve forecasts, including clarifying biodiversity definitions and testing existing models more rigorously.
The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) is an accurate predictor of liver disease survival, particularly useful in allocating organs for transplants. However, efforts to refine its accuracy are needed to further improve patient outcomes.
Research tracked over 3,000 participants from birth to age 53 and found that rapid height gain before 2 and after 15 lowered 'bad' cholesterol. Higher body fat and weight gain were associated with higher total cholesterol levels.
A national series of interventions aimed at improving chronic disease management quality resulted in enhanced processes of care for diabetes, asthma, and hypertension. However, these efforts did not lead to improvements in intermediate clinical outcomes, such as control of high blood pressure or glycated hemoglobin levels.
Scientists have discovered how immune cells decide to respond to infections by either fighting to the death or becoming the body's memory for future infections. The research reveals that immune cells can take divergent paths, leading to a more targeted approach to developing vaccines.
Operations researchers introduced unbiased analytical tools to study criminal justice, shedding new light on crime patterns and the effectiveness of imprisonment. Prof. Blumstein's work reveals that crime rates fell during the crack cocaine epidemic as people turned away from the drug, while imprisonment did not prevent crime.
Researchers have created a material with a refractive index of 1.05, making it an ideal building block for anti-reflection coatings. The new coating could lead to more efficient solar cells, brighter LEDs, and smarter lighting systems by controlling light properties.
Experts call for universal rules for doctors responding to public emergencies, citing concerns about legal implications and lack of specialized training. The 'Good Samaritan' law is deemed inadequate, with no guarantee against malpractice claims or lawsuits.
A randomized trial found mild IVF with single embryo transfer resulted in similar livebirth rates to standard IVF while reducing complications and costs. Mild strategies also reduced patients' discomfort and diminished the risks of multiple pregnancies.
A genetic analysis of vespid wasps reveals that eusociality evolved separately in two groups, contradicting a long-held model. The study adds weight to earlier findings and sheds light on the complexity of evolutionary processes.
Researchers discovered a rare genetic mutation that causes early onset coronary artery disease in an Iranian family. The mutation, in the LRP6 gene, leads to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes, all risk factors for heart disease.
Researchers at Yale University discovered that ice sheets sometimes mesh together when colliding, forming a series of interlocking blocks dubbed finger rafting. This curiosity has puzzled scientists for over 50 years.
Hormel was recognized for its outstanding achievements in food safety investments, including the development of high pressure processing technology, and pioneering efforts to ensure humane animal treatment. The award honors food companies that protect consumer health and improve satisfaction.
Researchers transplanted bone marrow stem cells into testes of infertile mice, showing potential for treating male infertility. The stem cells differentiated into germ cells and supporting cells, suggesting a new approach to replacing nonfunctioning cells involved in sperm production.
A new study shows that Transcendental meditation significantly improves heart function and quality of life for African Americans with congestive heart failure. The technique was found to reduce symptoms such as depression and rehospitalizations, leading to improved survival rates.
Two new studies from the CATIE trial provide more insights into comparing treatment options and their impact on people with schizophrenia. The trials found that newer antipsychotic medications like quetiapine and olanzapine may be more effective than older medications, but patient responses varied significantly.
Researchers developed a new computer modeling approach to study material behavior under stress, offering insights into designing materials with optimal balance between strength and ductility. The model reveals that twin boundaries play a critical role in the strength and ductility of metals.
Researchers discovered a sediment wedge beneath the Whillans Ice Stream in Antarctica, which provides stability against moderate sea level rise. The wedge, eroded by moving ice sheets, helps maintain the grounding line's location despite changes in relative sea levels.
Researchers identified genetic and cellular mechanisms that enable mice with high-fat diets to resist obesity and diabetes, suggesting a role for brown fat cells. The study may lead to new therapies for obesity and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
Researchers identified a protein called MARCO that helps immune cells in the lungs clear oxidants, protecting against lung damage. HDL proteins were also found to have anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting new potential treatments for diseases like asthma and COPD.
The lack of attention to women's health is a significant issue, with women putting their lives at risk during pregnancy. Improved access to contraception could prevent up to 90% of deaths from unsafe abortions and 20% of obstetric mortality.
A recent study published in the journal SLEEP found that treating insomnia is far less costly than ignoring it, with costs ranging from $924 to $1,143 for six months prior to treatment. The study suggests that addressing insomnia can lead to significant cost savings for individuals and employers.
Researchers found that vitamin A derivative ATRA increases levels of miRNA-15b and miRNA-16-1, which inhibit Bcl-2 gene activity. This helps explain how the drug works by regulating genes that need to be silenced for cell differentiation.
Research reveals Gypsies' and Travellers have higher rates of long-term illnesses, mobility issues, and pain, with poorer mental health outcomes. Policies to address health inequalities have not met their needs, highlighting the need for targeted support.
A study by UCLA researchers found that only 41% of primary care providers offered advice on sexually transmitted infections or safe sex, while 36% had offered more than 20 HIV tests. The study suggests that providers are testing patients who present with symptoms rather than proactively offering early detection.
Research suggests that the ability of humans to use social cues in cooperative situations may have evolved since the human lineage split from chimpanzees. In contrast, domestic dogs display an innate ability to solve social problems without prior training. This capacity is thought to be linked to the process of dog domestication.
A new study published in the journal SLEEP found that sleepy driver near-misses may be dangerous precursors to actual accidents. The study analyzed 35,217 individuals and reported that near-miss accidents associated with sleepiness were common, occurring in 18.3% of the sample.
Researchers have found that monochloramine treatment is less reactive and less efficient than traditional chlorination in killing bacterial contaminants. This means that municipalities with monochloramine systems may need to rely on other methods of monitoring for contamination.
A study found that lactulose improved cognitive function and health-related quality-of-life in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy, a condition associated with advanced liver disease. The treatment showed significant improvement in emotional behavior, movement, mobility, sleep/rest, and recreational activities.
Scientists at UCLA's Jules Stein Eye Institute have discovered defects in the infection-fighting T-cells of Graves' disease (GD) patients' immune systems. The study found an abnormal surplus of receptors targeted by an antibody that mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing inflammation and damage to eye tissue.
A new study published in Clinical Therapeutics suggests that private health plans increasingly rely on escalating copayments to manage drug costs, making treatment more expensive for patients. This can affect adherence to treatment, particularly for psychiatric disorders.
Researchers at Yale University and the University of Leicester have discovered an ancient solar observatory at Chankillo, Peru, dating back to the 4th century B.C. The site features a line of 13 towers aligned with the sun's position throughout the year, making it the oldest complete solar observatory in the Americas.
Researchers at North Carolina State University have found that Phytophthora infestans, the fungus-like pathogen responsible for the 1840s Irish potato famine, originated in the Andes region of South America. The study used gene genealogies to track the migration patterns of different strains of the pathogen, pointing to an Andean origin.
A series of articles provides tried-and-true advice on maintaining and manipulating flies, inducing mutations, harvesting and analyzing embryos, and characterizing proteins. These protocols are designed to be easy to use at the bench, with reagents, equipment, and recipe lists.
OHSU research reveals calcium ions modulate auditory nerve cells' recharging after bursting signals. High levels of calcium can be toxic, but regulating sodium pump activity conserves energy and prevents cell death.
Researchers at The University of Manchester have developed a new type of technology using the world's thinnest material, which can be used to sieve gases and make ultra-fast electronic switches. The discovery has significant implications for the development of medical drugs, as it will potentially allow the rapid analysis of atomic str...
Researchers at the University of Manchester have developed a new type of transistor made from graphene, which is only one atom thick and less than 50 atoms wide. This innovation could lead to the development of faster computer chips by allowing for the rapid miniaturization of electronics.
Researchers at Eindhoven University of Technology have developed a software patch to increase fuel efficiency in cars, reducing energy waste and emissions. The patch enables the car to achieve optimal engine performance more frequently, resulting in savings of up to 2.6% on fuel consumption.
A USC study found that Healthy Kids coalitions in 28 California counties linked 85,000 kids with health insurance coverage. The success of these coalitions was attributed to diverse stakeholder groups and strong leadership.
The podcast series explores the impact of nanotechnology on human health, safety, and the environment. Key stakeholders share their perspectives on the benefits and challenges associated with this emerging technology. The discussion aims to raise awareness and promote informed decision-making about the future of nanotechnology.
Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered how controlling glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) activity can improve neuronal connections and prevent memory erasure in brain disorders. This breakthrough sheds light on the role of GSK3 in normal neuronal function and may lead to the development of drugs to inhibit its activity.
The Gene Ontology (GO) has expanded its vocabulary to describe the complex events occurring when a microbe encounters its host. This updated language will enable researchers to compare gene functions in diverse organisms, including those related to disease-causing microbes and beneficial microbes.
A new study reveals that Yellowstone's volcanic hotspot is much more active than previously believed, exerting powerful forces on the surrounding terrain even between eruptions. The hotspot's effects are evident in the deformation of Earth's crust, with the Yellowstone caldera rising at an unprecedented rate.
Researchers found that studios can increase revenues by changing distribution channels, but this move would threaten theaters' survival. In the US, film studios could gain 16% in revenue, while theaters' revenues could drop by 40%
Research suggests that giving choline to infants after birth can improve their learning and behavior if they were exposed to alcohol during development. The study found that choline significantly reduced the severity of alcohol-related over-activity and spatial learning deficits in rats.
Carnegie Mellon University researchers developed the software that guided NASA's DEPTHX craft to safely operate in a complicated, unexplored three-dimensional space. The mission aims to explore the world's deepest sinkhole, La Pilita, and develop technologies for future ocean exploration.
Researchers found that adult participants who met with pharmacists during a community outreach project showed significant reductions in metabolic syndrome risk factors and heart disease risk after four months. The study suggests that pharmacist-driven education and lifestyle recommendations can help combat metabolic syndrome.
Researchers develop biodegradable vaccine delivery system that stimulates cellular-mediated immunity and enhances antibody response. The microsphere formulation could lead to single-dose vaccines for diseases requiring booster shots.
A study published in Arthritis Care & Research found that patients with rheumatic diseases experience increased psychological distress and depression, particularly due to appearance concerns. The results suggest that targeting appearance concerns can improve mood and reduce the impact of the disease on mental health.
A nationwide study found that obese children benefited from attending school, with their rate of BMI gain reduced the most. Schools seem to help limit the spread of obesity due to their structured environment, restricting access to food and promoting healthier choices.
A NYU study finds that people who see the world as fair and just can maintain their perspective by reducing moral outrage, leading to decreased support for helping the disadvantaged. The research suggests a palliative effect of ideology on emotions.
Research suggests that excessive TV viewing among young children is associated with poor eating habits, including increased consumption of sugary drinks and extra calories. The study found a correlation between longer hours of TV watching and lower intakes of healthful foods like fruits and vegetables.
Researchers found a close correlation between vancomycin exposure and severe thrombocytopenia with serious bleeding. The antibiotic was discontinued in most cases, resulting in normal platelet counts.
The Moody's Mega Math Challenge attracts top eleventh and twelfth graders from the New York City metropolitan area, who compete to solve a realistic math modeling problem. The challenge offers scholarship prizes ranging from $1,000 to $20,000.
Scientists at Forsyth Institute successfully induced frog tadpole tail regeneration using gene therapy and electric fields. This breakthrough discovery may hold key to regenerating human spinal cord tissue, providing insights into the role of bioelectricity in regeneration.
Professor Daniel Gall will receive a $400,000 grant to develop fundamental understanding of material vapors condensing on surfaces and assembling into nanostructures. The research aims to create specialized nanostructured materials with broad applications in various industries.
Researchers mapped neurons in zebrafish spinal cords to understand how they control movement speed, revealing a surprising pattern that regulates slow and fast movements. The study opens a door to basic understanding of spinal cord architecture and function.
Researchers at Yale University have identified key virulence genes in A. baumannii bacteria, which cause highly resistant infections in combat troops. The study's findings suggest new targets for antimicrobial drugs and provide insight into the evolution of bacterial virulence.
A University of Missouri-Columbia researcher is assisting the US Army in fighting multi-drug resistant infections among wounded troops, often caused by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). The study aims to identify effective antibiotics and treatment durations to reduce infection rates and amputations.