Custom-made cancer cell attacks
Researchers at TRIUMF are developing custom radioisotopes to target cancer cells more efficiently. They aim to create tailor-made treatment programs for each patient, reducing radiation doses and treatment sessions.
Science News Archive 2007 - Page 181
Browse by Month - 2007
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Penn researchers replace organ in adult mice using 'single-parent' stem cells
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have successfully used uniparental embryonic stem cells to repopulate a damaged organ with healthy cells in adult mice. This breakthrough could provide a less controversial alternative to traditional embryonic stem cell therapy, and may offer therapeutic benefits for both males and females.
Physics graduate student creates graphene resonator
A Cornell graduate student has created a graphene resonator, a single sheet of carbon atoms just one atom thick that can be used to weigh tiny masses or measure pressure. The material is also stiff and ultrathin, making it suitable for other experiments that require a thin and light membrane.
New class of targeted cancer drugs shows promise in slowing progression of recurrent prostate cancer
A new class of targeted cancer drugs, pertuzumab, shows promise in slowing the progression of recurrent prostate cancer. The study found that prolonged median survival time was achieved by 16.4 months with the drug compared to 10.7 months in a historical control group.
USC receives nearly $3.4 million for stem cell research
Researchers at USC's Keck School of Medicine and Childrens Hospital Los Angeles will explore the therapeutic potential of stem cells in retinal degeneration and Ewing's sarcoma. The $3.4 million grant aims to accelerate discoveries in stem cell research.
No reason to panic over 2005 increase in murder rate, reports Carnegie Mellon U. Professor
Despite a recent increase in US murders and robberies, Carnegie Mellon University Professor Alfred Blumstein suggests that it may not be part of a widespread national trend. The number of crimes dropped by over 40% between 1993 and 2000, with the rate remaining flat since then.
Cellulosic ethanol: Fuel of the future?
A perennial grass called Miscanthus is being promoted as a promising alternative to corn for producing cellulosic ethanol. Using the entire plant body as a starting raw material could result in a higher yield of fermentable sugar per unit of land, according to Chris Somerville.
ASU professor says engineers need to look at sustainability in different light
Engineers trained to solve problems objectively need to consider sustainability's ideological and normative aspects. The concept of sustainability is difficult to define, requiring a unique approach that acknowledges egalitarianism and the redistribution of wealth.
Programmed for obesity
According to a University of Missouri-Columbia scientist, environmental chemicals can alter fetal gene function, predisposing babies to obesity and disease. This 'thrifty phenotype' is programmed for starvation but becomes detrimental in modern environments with plenty of food.
Birth rate, competition are major players in hominid extinctions
Low birth numbers in early hominids combined with intense competition led to their extinction. Dr. Nina G. Jablonski reveals that environmental changes, such as shifting climate patterns, played a significant role in the demise of these ancient human ancestors.
Long road ahead in developing effective avian flu vaccination strategy, Stanford expert says
Developing an H5 vaccine faces hurdles in current egg production methods and the molecule's ability to stimulate an immune reaction, requiring two shots for full immunization. The ideal adjuvant must still be found to boost vaccine effectiveness.
Stopping plants from getting sick
James Kronstad's research focuses on smut fungi, a group of pathogens that infect crop plants. He discovered the method used by these fungi to invade plants and shut down seed production, paving the way for the development of targeted fungicides.
Old dinosaur research leads to new honor
Robert Reisz's lifelong passion for fossils led to groundbreaking discoveries, including the oldest known dinosaur embryos and two-legged reptile. He is being recognized by AAAS for his significant contributions to the field.
Johnson & Johnson announces call for nominations
The Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research honors scientists whose work has the potential to transform human health. This year's award includes a $100,000 cash prize and will be selected by an independent committee chaired by Dr. Solomon Snyder.
First X-ray detection of a colliding-wind binary beyond Milky Way
Astronomers have identified an X-ray-emitting binary star system in the Small Magellanic Cloud, 170,000 light-years from Earth. The system, HD 5980, features two stars with intense winds that collide and produce multimillion-degree gas radiating brilliantly in X-rays.
Not just babbling
Janet Werker's groundbreaking research on infant language development has earned her a fellowship in the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Her work demonstrates that infants can distinguish between sounds not present in their native language, suggesting they learn by recognizing patterns in speech.
Vet College gets grant to develop fish virus diagnostic technique
Cornell researchers are developing a new genetic-based test to detect the deadly viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in fish. The new technique, which can identify the virus in 24 hours, is set to be validated by the end of 2007 and could become the standard test for detecting this disease.
Fixed versus growth intelligence mindsets: It’s all in your head, Dweck says
According to Dweck, people's self-theories about intelligence have a profound influence on their motivation to learn. Students with a growth mindset want to challenge themselves to increase their abilities, even if they fail at first.
US needs to plan for climate change-induced summer droughts
The US should implement a national drought policy to ensure sustainable water supplies for drinking, agriculture, and fisheries. Climate change models predict warmer and wetter weather, but regions like the southwestern US may experience increased drought risk.
Newly discovered West Coast arrhythmias cause
A new synthesis of decades of atmospheric and oceanographic data reveals that wild fluctuations in winds and currents are changing the way scientists think about the future of ocean resources off the US West Coast. Key findings include repeated low oxygen zones larger than Rhode Island and massive die-offs of seabirds.
AAAS Panel -- Sustainable aquaculture critical to feed the world
Research reveals that sustainable aquaculture is essential to meet growing demand for healthy seafood, with advancements in feed efficiency and marine environments crucial to its growth. The industry has enormous potential to increase production and provide affordable and healthy seafood options.
Charting our health by the stars
A study by Peter Austin found that people born under specific astrological signs are at increased risk for certain medical disorders. Virgos were found to be at a higher risk of vomiting during pregnancy, while Pisces had an increased risk of heart failure and Libras were more likely to fracture their pelvises.
CIRM awards $5.9 million to Burnham Institute
The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) has awarded $5.9 million to the Burnham Institute for Medical Research to launch innovative stem cell research projects. The funding will support studies in heart disease, Parkinson's, cancer, and neural development, among other areas.
Old food meets new technologies, leaves food for thought
Nanotechnology is revolutionizing agriculture by controlling unique properties of matter, affecting everything from food-processing equipment to packaging. The technology has various applications in the supply chain, including detecting ripeness and freshness in produce, improving safety, and enhancing environmental monitoring.
Researchers identify factor in pathogeensis of graves' disease
Investigators at LA BioMed found evidence linking insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) to the development of Graves' disease, a common cause of hyperthyroidism. The discovery suggests a potential therapeutic strategy for autoimmune diseases.
UGA researcher receives grant to study risks of jet fuel exposure
A University of Georgia professor has received a $650,000 grant to develop a mathematical model assessing harmful chemicals in the body from jet fuel exposure. The research aims to minimize health risks for military personnel and civilians working with jet fuel, where recent studies have linked vapors to immune system effects.
New analog circuits could impact consumer electronics
Researchers at MIT have developed new analog circuits that eliminate operational amplifiers while maintaining benefits, leading to greater power efficiency. The new comparator-based switched capacitor (CBSC) circuits offer a promising solution for high-performance analog circuits in emerging technologies.
IDIBAPS participates in European Network on antibiotic resistances and hospital infections
The MOSAR project aims to control and study antimicrobial resistance in hospitals, with a focus on four types of microorganisms. IDIBAPS-Hospital Clínic participates in the network, led by INSERM, and has expertise in bacteriology and public health.
Is biodiversity the future of farming?
The article discusses the limitations of industrial agriculture and the potential benefits of biodiversity in farming. Studies have shown that diverse, synergistic farms can increase net farm income by up to 108% while generating environmental and social benefits.
More communication of climate change science won't spur problem solving, says CU researcher
A University of Colorado climate policy analyst argues that more information about human-caused climate change will not lead to meaningful mitigation or adaptation. Instead, strategies integrating climate issues with immediate concerns are more effective.
Better freshwater forecasts to aid drought-plagued west
Researchers are developing new hydrologic forecasting models that use satellite data and atmospheric climate forecasts to predict stream flows. These models aim to provide computerized water forecasts equivalent to modern weather-prediction models, allowing for more accurate and timely decisions on water resource management.
ALTRAN: Industry experts address technology challenges at Altran Innovation Conference
The Altran Innovation Conference focused on technology challenges, with industry experts discussing the need for improved researcher incentives and increased investment in R&D. Innovations showcased included solar-powered technologies, drone capabilities, and sustainable energy solutions.
UI researcher finds gender gap narrowing among victims of certain crimes
A recent study has found that male and female rates of robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault have closed significantly over the past few decades. The research suggests a decline in violence against men and women, with notable differences in intimate partner violence and non-lethal victimization.
Health Canada approves cold and flu medicine
Health Canada has approved COLD-fX as a preventative measure to boost the immune system, reducing frequency and severity of cold and flu symptoms. The product's safety profile is confirmed, with no known side effects or drug interactions for healthy individuals.
New weather, old pipes challenge nation's water supply
Floods and aging infrastructure threaten the nation's drinking water safety, with inadequate monitoring and poor watershed protection being major concerns. According to MSU expert Joan Rose, combining sewer systems and climate change increase the risk of waterborne illnesses, especially in vulnerable communities.
Linguistics expert to speak on language extinction, conservation
A linguistics expert predicts that nearly all human languages could be extinct in two centuries if not conserved. The loss of languages would also compromise humanity's adaptability and diversity, making it harder to survive.
'Watching atoms move' is goal of powerful new X-ray sources
Researchers can now observe oscillating atoms in an excited bismuth crystal using high-energy X-ray free-electron lasers, revealing new insights into atomic activity. The development of linear accelerator-based X-ray sources holds promise for studying sub-picosecond science and its potential applications in chemistry and biology.
Hunting martian fossils best bet for locating Mars life, says ASU researcher
Expert suggests searching for past life on Mars by exploring old rocks and sediments, using instruments to analyze biosignatures and organic materials. Robotic drilling technology currently limits to a few yards depth, making exopaleontology the best approach.
Smithsonian scientists report ancient chili pepper history
Smithsonian researchers discovered that chili peppers were cultivated and traded as early as 6,000 years ago across the Americas, contributing significantly to our understanding of ancient agricultural practices. The findings provide a new window into the past, allowing researchers to trace the history of chili peppers in the Americas.
A crystal ball of earthquakes
Researchers, led by Kristy Tiampo, are working on a new approach to earthquake forecasting that can provide 10-year forecasts for several countries. They aim to pinpoint locations with high earthquake risk and inform government spending and preparations.
US Climate Change Science Program provides key contributions to IPCC fourth assessment
Research conducted by the US Climate Change Science Program has helped resolve uncertainties about global climate change causes and projected future changes in temperature and sea-level rise. The program's contributions significantly increased confidence attributing human activities to temperature increases since the mid-20th century.
Slow-release morphine reduces level of intractable cough
Researchers found slow-release morphine sulfate significantly reduced daily cough scores by 40% in patients with long-term, treatment-resistant chronic cough. The optimal dose for suppression lies between 5 and 10 mg twice daily, with common side effects including constipation and drowsiness.
SourceAmerican Thoracic Society·JournalAmerican Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·DateFeb 15, 2007
Protein inhibitor tangles with Alzheimer's disease
Researchers have identified a complex of proteins that plays a key role in alleviating tau accumulation in mice and cultured human cells. The study's findings suggest a pivotal role for Hsp90 in aberrant tau degradation, making an Hsp90 inhibitor like EC102 a promising therapeutic candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
New observations show sun-like star in earliest stage of development
Astronomers have discovered a sun-like star in the earliest stage of development, dubbed E42, which is believed to be a virtual twin of Earth's sun. The object has a mass similar to the sun and appears in a violent environment similar to that believed to have produced our own star.
Little creatures, big blooms
Researchers studying sedimentary records of dinoflagellates in the San Francisco area and along the western coast of North America predict an increase in toxic blooms. This change is linked to rising water temperatures, which will impact marine life and fisheries.
Clock comparison yields clues to 'constant' change
Scientists conducted precision comparisons among NIST's cesium fountain and mercury ion clocks, narrowing the range for a possible change in the fine-structure constant. These experiments aim to develop a more complete understanding of the history of the universe and test recent theories.
SourceNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)·JournalPhysical Review Letters·DateFeb 15, 2007
Pourquié Lab clarifies mode of formation of spinal precursors
The Pourquié Lab has clarified the mode of formation of spinal precursors in vertebrates. The study reveals that both a cellular and a tissue-based mode of paraxial mesoderm formation occur across different vertebrate groups, providing fundamental insights into spine precursor development.
SourceStowers Institute for Medical Research·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateFeb 15, 2007
Study finds subglacial water in West Antarctica considerably more active than previously observed
A new study using NASA's ICESat mission reveals a complex plumbing system of subglacial lakes and rivers under the West Antarctic ice sheet. The research suggests that this system may play a major role in controlling the rate at which ice moves off the continent, with potentially significant implications for sea levels.
Stem cells determine their daughters' fate
Stem cells in fruit fly gut use Notch signaling to replenish specific cell types, with Delta protein controlling cell fate and division. This finding transforms basic understanding of stem cells and could prove valuable in cancer research.
Global solidarity needed in preparing for pandemic influenza
Developing countries face a critical shortage of pandemic influenza vaccines, with only 500 million doses available globally. The WHO is urging international agreement to ensure affordable vaccine access for these nations, demonstrating global solidarity in the face of the next pandemic threat.
Value of data from HIV testing/counseling centers questioned
Data collected from voluntary HIV counselling and testing clinics in Africa are biased and unreliable, making them unsuitable for HIV surveillance. A better approach would be to use community-based surveys like Demographic and Health Surveys that inquire about testing history and sexual behavior.
Maternal seafood consumption benefits children's development
A study published in The Lancet found that maternal seafood consumption during pregnancy is associated with better neurological development in children. High intake of omega-3 fatty acids from seafood was linked to higher verbal IQ and improved prosocial behavior, fine motor, communication, and social development scores.
Metabolic disease too easily missed
Researchers have developed a new screening method to detect MCAD deficiency in newborns, reducing the number of undiagnosed cases. Early detection improves treatment options and reduces mortality rates, with one-quarter of patients dying before diagnosis is known.
Decision making isn't always as rational as you think (or hope)
Researchers found that people tend to prioritize emotional responses over empirical evidence when making decisions, particularly on sensitive topics. This phenomenon was observed in studies examining crime, deer population, and other risks where emotional reactions outweigh rational thinking.
Computer tool helps pinpoint risky gene mutations
A new computer tool evaluates 16 predictive features to identify genetic mutations linked to a higher risk of cancer. The tool demonstrated an accuracy rate exceeding 94% in identifying protein functions associated with increased cancer risk.
Europeans' understanding of science, evolution, more advanced than Americans
A study found that Americans have a lower understanding of science and evolution compared to Europeans, with only 40% accepting the concept of evolution. This is largely attributed to religion and politics playing a significant role in shaping Americans' views on the subject.
Peruvian glacier may vanish in 5 years
Glaciologist Lonnie Thompson warns that the Qori Kalis glacier in Peru may disappear within five years, with other ice tongues retreating globally. The Quelccaya Ice Cap, the largest body of ice in the tropics, is experiencing a slow but accelerating retreat, exceeding any other in at least 50 centuries.
High-frequency cryocooler is tiny, cold and efficient
Researchers have developed a tiny, cold, and efficient cryogenic refrigerator operating at 120 cycles per second that achieves rapid cooling and low temperatures without moving parts. The device uses oscillating helium gas to transport heat, enabling faster cool-down and smaller size.
SourceNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)·JournalApplied Physics Letters·DateFeb 15, 2007
Merck and AAAS announce 2007 winners of Outstanding Undergraduate Research Programs
The Merck/AAAS Undergraduate Science Research Program has awarded $60,000 to 15 US colleges for research programs emphasizing chemistry and biology. The program aims to enhance undergraduate education through research experiences and encourage students to pursue graduate education in chemistry and life sciences.
Scientists convert heat to power using organic molecules, may lead to new energy source
Researchers at UC Berkeley have successfully generated electricity from heat by trapping organic molecules between metal nanoparticles. The discovery could lead to more efficient ways to directly convert heat into electricity, potentially reducing waste and emissions.