The molecule features two freely spinning rings that can adopt either a Hückel or Möbius topology, depending on the solvent and temperature conditions. This allows it to exhibit distinct colors in each configuration.
A new standard aims to reduce carbon emissions from fuels by 10% by 2020, stimulating improvements in transportation-fuel technologies. The standard covers all gasoline and diesel fuel providers, requiring them to track life-cycle global warming intensity and reduce it over time.
Researchers at Tufts University have identified a specific DNA sequence that increases chromosome breakage and stalls replication, which can lead to cancer. The study's findings suggest that this sequence may be responsible for the fragility in human chromosomes associated with common fragile sites.
New discoveries in ACS Chemical Biology highlight the potential for snail toxins to lead to new drugs, as well as strategies to minimize the side effects of COX inhibitors. The journal also explores how sex hormones activate cell signaling pathways, and helper peptides influence calcium channel opening.
The Phoenix Mars Lander Mission aims to study the history of water and search for complex organic molecules in Martian soil. The team, led by Kounaves, will analyze the chemical record left in the soil to decipher the climatic history of Mars, which may hold vital clues on climate change on Earth.
Engineers at the University of Bath have developed a diagnostic test that measures sound frequencies produced when the femur bone is vibrated, enabling earlier detection of loosened joints. This method is more sensitive than traditional x-rays and can diagnose smaller gaps, reducing unnecessary surgery.
A Tulane University/University of California-Berkeley study reveals that people exposed to war crimes are more likely to choose violent means to achieve peace. The survey of 2,585 adults in northern Uganda found that those with PTSD and depression symptoms were less likely to support nonviolent methods.
Researchers investigate causes and treatment options for pediatric heart failure, including gene regulation, cell regeneration, and surgical interventions. The grant aims to improve treatments and reduce the need for heart transplants in children.
A series of surveys shows a decline in support for religious government and an increase in support for secular political rule. Iraqis exhibit a strong sense of national identity, prioritizing being 'Iraqis' over other affiliations.
Scientists at VIB have discovered a new control system that helps plants cope with stress by containing energy consumption and mobilizing reserves. This finding may be valuable beyond plants, as the proteins involved are also found in mammals and could play a role in understanding disorders such as diabetes and cancer.
Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University found that colon cancer is caused by a lack of hormones that regulate intestinal epithelial cells. Hormone replacement therapy may prevent or treat the disease, shifting the focus from genetic to endocrine aspects.
Researchers at Iowa State University have successfully treated rats with blindness caused by glaucoma using a new technique involving bone marrow-derived stem cells. The experimental treatment aims to move to human trials and potentially benefit millions of people affected by the condition.
The Newark Geoscience Scholars program aims to expose city students to the wonders of and career possibilities in geoscience, addressing a shortage of minority candidates. The program will utilize Rutgers-Newark graduate students and partner with local institutions to provide hands-on science work from kindergarten through the 12th grade.
A study published in the August 2007 Journal of the American Dietetic Association found that adding a lifestyle intervention led by a registered dietitian to usual care for obese people with type 2 diabetes did not increase health-care costs. Instead, it may result in cost savings of up to $8,046 per person per year.
A recent study published in SLEEP found that rotating shift workers have significantly lower levels of serotonin compared to day workers. This could have implications for the treatment of associated comorbidities and behavioral problems in rotating shift workers.
Researchers developed a novel technology using light to probe tissue architecture, enabling subtle changes in tissue to be detected. The technique produced an optic fingerprint from altered tissue, distinguishing patients with cancer at an accuracy approaching 100 percent.
A recent study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that weekly progesterone injections did not reduce the rate of preterm birth in women pregnant with twins. In contrast, previous research showed that these injections reduced additional preterm births by one-third in women whose previous babies were born prematurely.
Researchers found that the MX2 gene is significantly down-regulated in narcoleptic patients' white blood cells, which may contribute to immune system abnormalities. This discovery could help elucidate the pathophysiology of narcolepsy and inform further studies on its functional relationship with the MX2 gene.
A recent study published in Mayo Clinic Proceedings found that patients prescribed cholesterol-lowering medications do not necessarily adopt unhealthy diets. Despite taking statins, patients made good faith efforts to improve their health through lifestyle changes.
The study provides a complete picture of how anthrax-causing bacteria survive and grow inside immune cells, identifying key genes and enzymes that play crucial roles. This breakthrough could lead to the development of more effective and easily tolerated treatments for anthrax infections.
A new study published in SLEEP journal shows that methylphenidate (MPH) significantly improves vigilance performance in children with ADHD who have poor sleep efficiency. The researchers tested 37 children aged 6-12 and found a moderate increase in arousal levels, facilitating improved performance.
Scientists assess natural variation in solar irradiance's impact on Earth's temperature. Early humans' adaptability to high northern latitudes is also studied, indicating a prominent presence around 1 million years ago.
Researchers at Forsyth Institute have identified a novel mechanism controlling adult stem cells, highlighting the importance of direct cell-to-cell communication. The study's findings suggest that gap junctions play a critical role in regulating stem cell behavior and tissue regeneration.
The new vaccine uses a virulent M. tuberculosis strain with genes knocked out to prevent apoptosis of mammalian cells, eliciting a strong and long-lasting T-cell response. This approach demonstrates superior protection compared to the standard BCG vaccine in animal models.
A University of Minnesota study found that only 37% of the US population is eligible to donate blood, a significant decrease from the previously estimated 177 million. The conventional method overestimated the national pool by 59%, mainly due to factors like chronic diseases and high-risk behaviors.
A study reveals that monkeys learn through active engagement, mirroring human learning strategies. By generating answers themselves from memory, monkeys outperformed passive training with hints in long-term retention. This finding supports the importance of active learning in both humans and animals.
A new analysis reveals that atmospheric brown clouds over south Asia significantly contribute to observed warming, leading to the alarming retreat of Himalayan glaciers. The findings suggest that reducing air pollution could help arrest some of this melting by reducing the combined heating effect of greenhouse gases and brown clouds.
A cost-effective approach for generating siRNA molecules, called esiRNAs, is described in the article. This method allows scientists to efficiently target virtually any gene in mammalian cells, enabling large-scale studies of gene function.
A review of 32 cases finds violent behavior most frequently appears after direct provocation or close proximity, affecting 81% of sleep terror patients and 100% of confusional arousal patients. Sleepwalking episodes often follow minor provocation, with men displaying more aggressive behavior.
A study found that ibuprofen treatment improved cognitive function in rats with chronic liver failure by reducing inflammation and normalizing a key brain pathway. The results suggest a potential therapeutic utility of decreasing inflammation in treating hepatic encephalopathy.
Two studies published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that progesterone treatment reduced the rate of preterm birth among women with short cervix. However, weekly injections of 17P did not show similar benefits for women carrying twins. Researchers hope to identify underlying causes of prematurity to improve progesterone t...
Researchers found that progesterone treatment did not decrease the risk of premature birth in women carrying twins compared to placebo injections. In contrast, earlier studies showed a significant reduction in preterm birth among pregnant women with a history of preterm delivery and single-baby pregnancies.
Researchers found that Spanish-speaking Latinos in San Diego County's mental health system had a higher proportion of patients with major depression but lower rates of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. They were also more likely to receive outpatient treatment than English-speaking Latinos or Caucasians.
A study of diabetic patients from three North West London Primary Care Trusts found that those from ethnic minorities receive lower quality care, with poorer diabetes control and treatment outcomes. The researchers attribute this to patient factors, such as poor understanding of the disease, rather than institutional racism.
The American Political Science Association (APSA) has recognized outstanding contributions to the study, teaching, and practice of politics with its 2007 awards. This year's winners include notable public servants, journalists, scholars, and researchers who have made significant impacts in their respective fields.
A study of US medical residents found that nearly half of them incorrectly answered questions about diagnosing and managing tuberculosis (TB). The residents showed particular difficulty in answering questions related to latent TB, the progression from latent to active disease, and interpreting diagnostic tests for patients with active TB.
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation reveals that variants of the TCF7L2 gene increase susceptibility to type 2 diabetes by affecting insulin secretion in pancreatic islet cells. The findings provide a mechanism for genetic predisposition and suggest potential therapeutic targets for new treatments.
Researchers found that gene fusions trigger cancer growth and could impact treatment choices, with some genes regulated by androgen. The discovery may lead to better diagnostics and targeted therapies for prostate cancer.
A preliminary study of 85 patients with bipolar disorder shows that modafinil can improve depressive symptoms, with 44% of participants reporting improved symptoms and 39% experiencing remission after six weeks.
The discovery provides new insights into the evolutionary process, suggesting that the coelacanth's fin pattern is similar to that of paddlefishes, sturgeons, and sharks. The fossil sheds light on the developmental evolution of limbs in tetrapods, challenging the conventional understanding of primitive fish models.
Lectins, a family of proteins found in undercooked legumes and grains, can make people feel temporarily miserable by disabling GI tract cells from repairing tears. This can lead to gaps in the epithelial lining, exposing the nasty internal world of the GI tract to the blood supply.
Research reveals how microRNA miR-21 helps cancer develop by blocking tumor-suppressor gene PTEN. High levels of miR-21 are found in many kinds of cancer cells, providing a potential marker for patient prognosis.
BLUElink provides broad-scale information on ocean currents, temperature, and salinity for the first time, improving forecasting capabilities. The system relies on access to accurate oceanic observations, including satellite data and robotic profilers.
Massachusetts General Hospital researchers discovered that a specific enzyme called cathepsin L causes proteinuria by breaking down dynamin, leading to podocyte damage. Altered forms of dynamin may be able to block this process and restore kidney function.
A Northwestern University-developed optical technology has been found to be effective in the early detection of colon cancer, now appearing promising for detecting pancreatic cancer. The technique can detect abnormal changes in cells lining the duodenum without touching or imaging the pancreas.
A phase II trial found that six of 17 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer showed significant tumor shrinkage after receiving the therapeutic vaccine TroVax. The study demonstrated the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine, suggesting its potential as an immuno-therapy approach to enhance the immune response to tumors.
Researchers analyzed 1053 patients with severe emphysema to find marked sex differences in COPD. Women had shorter smoking histories and lower body mass index, but experienced more breathlessness and depression than men.
Researchers at Tufts University have identified a specific population of glial cells required for controlling circadian behavior in Drosophila, suggesting an autonomous glial mechanism drives circadian rhythms. The study's findings have broad implications for understanding diseases affected by altered biological timing mechanisms.
A meta-analysis of 11 studies on coffee consumption and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) found a 41% reduction in HCC risk among coffee drinkers. The study suggests that compounds in coffee may act as blocking agents, reducing carcinogenic detoxification and liver disease risk.
Researchers create new technique for mass-producing nanoscale structures using atomic force microscope and macroscale milling machines. The method enables consistent production of features on the order of single molecules, paving the way for industrial-scale nanotechnology applications.
Mortality rates from pulmonary fibrosis are expected to continue rising, with a significant increase in deaths from the disease itself rather than coexisting conditions. The study found higher mortality rates in older men and women, as well as disparities among racial and ethnic groups.
A new optical technology has been developed to detect early signs of pancreatic cancer, allowing for earlier diagnosis and potentially improving treatment outcomes. The technique uses a minimally invasive procedure that can identify cancerous tissue with high accuracy, even in patients with chronic pancreatitis or family history.
Researchers found that low doses of THC can facilitate infection of skin cells and promote cellular events leading to malignancy, raising concerns for those with lowered immune systems. The study emphasizes the need for caution when using marijuana medicinally or recreationally among vulnerable populations.
A Stanford study using fMRI scans found that music engages brain areas involved with paying attention, making predictions, and updating memory. Peak brain activity occurred during silence between musical movements, a process called event segmentation.
A CU-Boulder study found that bird presence in conifers increases tree growth by up to one-third, removing damaging insects. The study's findings suggest a complex relationship between birds and trees, with implications for forest health and management.
Researchers have identified a potential biomarker, urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), to predict acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill children. The study found that uNGAL levels increased 48 hours before a jump in serum creatinine levels, suggesting its potential as an early warning system for AKI preven...
This issue of JRRD features several studies exploring advancements in ambulation and motor control for individuals with spinal cord injury. Researchers found that functional electric stimulation systems can significantly improve walking distance and speed, while a new measure for assessing spasticity impact was also developed.
A University of Iowa study shows that disrupting the acid sensing ion channel protein (ASIC1a) reduces innate fear behavior in mice. The findings suggest that this protein may be a critical component of brain systems underlying innate fear.
Researchers identified over 50 genetic abnormalities in sporadic ALS, providing expanded opportunities for developing treatments. The study's findings also uncovered genes controlling nerve adhesion, offering a major new avenue for ALS research.
A team of scientists has found a way to switch a material's magnetic properties from 'hard' to 'soft' and back again. This breakthrough could lead to new ways of controlling electromagnetic devices. The research, published in Nature, used a magnet to be 'tuned' by subjecting it to a second magnetic field.