A study found that adults in high-crime neighborhoods avoid intervening with young offenders due to fear of retaliation. Adults are more likely to intervene when outsiders are involved or when they have a personal relationship with the youth.
A wearable cardiac telemedicine system allows post-cardiac patients renewed mobility by recording periodic ECGs and transmitting them via SMS. This device can give patients a greater chance of receiving life-saving treatment within the golden hour period.
A new grant will enable researchers to test a diagnostic technique that determines the environmental source of Buruli ulcer. The disease, caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, can lead to severe infections and is difficult to cure without removing infected tissue.
A twin study published by the NIH/NIDCD found that a person's ability to process multiple sounds simultaneously is largely inherited. The researchers discovered that identical twins were more similar in their dichotic listening abilities, with a strong genetic component responsible for up to 73% of the variation.
A recent study by the University of Alberta reveals that some Arctic foxes engage in polyandry, where females have multiple male mates, and multiple paternity, leading to increased genetic variation. This finding challenges previous notions of monogamous mating habits in canid species.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have identified a naturally occurring material that can be used as a template for building nanodevices. The discovery, published in Nature Materials, provides a simpler method for creating nanostructures by leveraging the spontaneous phase separation of a ceramic material at the nanoscale.
A study estimates that radiation exposure from cardiac CT scans increases the lifetime risk of cancer, with higher risks for women and younger individuals. The study suggests using alternative diagnostic modalities for young individuals and weighing the risks and benefits of each test.
Researchers found human walking is 75% less costly than chimpanzee quadrupedal and bipedal walking. This energy savings could have given early hominids an edge in foraging for food, potentially driving the evolution of bipedalism.
A new study reveals that COPD patients prescribed inhaled corticosteroids are at a significant 70% increase in the risk of being hospitalized for pneumonia. The risk is even higher for the severest cases leading to death within 30 days of hospitalization.
A study of 65 tonsillectomy patients found no ongoing dysfunction in their sense of taste after surgery. Despite average ratings of taste and smell decreasing post-surgery, none reported persistent problems, suggesting other factors like pain or discomfort may influence ratings.
Researchers report successful outcomes for a surgical technique called temporalis tendon transfer, which helps reanimate facial paralysis with high patient satisfaction rates. The procedure resulted in improved form and function, with movement in mouth muscles identified in all patients after treatment.
Physicists have discovered that correcting a typo in an e-mail requires dozens of bits of information, each forcing its polarity to align up or down. The researchers found that the spin precession effect, where magnetic fields exert forces on neighboring spins, can lead to avalanches if not properly damped.
The rate of C. difficile colitis cases among hospitalized patients in the US more than doubled between 1993 and 2003, with a significant increase in severe symptoms and mortality rates. Colectomy rates also increased, highlighting the growing burden of this antibiotic-resistant infection.
Scientists studied SIVs in African green monkeys, finding a recent split that may have led to reduced virulence. This discovery sheds light on the potential course and timing of HIV evolution.
Dr. Jaydeep Bardhan, a former CSGF fellow, received the prestigious Howes Scholar Award in computational science for his work on biomolecular modeling. He was recognized among only one or two fellows each year for his novel techniques and approaches to analyzing protein interactions and determining optimal molecular targets.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine identified a combination therapy that selectively eliminates cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact. The therapy combines TRAIL and sorafenib, reducing tumor size in mice with few side effects, demonstrating its potential effectiveness on human colon cancers.
Randal S. Weber, a renowned otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon, has been chosen as an Honorary Member of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO). Dr. Weber's contributions to promoting multidisciplinary approaches in treating patients with head and neck cancers have earned him this prestigious honor.
A survey of 750 doctors from 10 countries found that only 47% of their patients reached cholesterol goals, but 61% deemed this acceptable. Doctors preferred prescribing statins and lifestyle changes over other approaches. Key findings showed significant variation in treatment recommendations across countries.
Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago created a theoretical blueprint for assembling a nanoscale propeller with molecule-sized blades. The propeller's efficiency in pumping liquids is highly sensitive to its chemical and biological composition, finding that hydrophobic blades pump more water while hydrophilic blades become ...
A study published in the American Academy of Neurology found that older women experiencing memory loss are more likely to have sleep disturbances. The nearly 25% of women who experienced cognitive decline were twice as likely to experience sleep disturbances as those without memory problems.
A new report found that children with brain tumors have lower grades in each subject, particularly in foreign language, with over 58% of female patients receiving below an eight. Despite this, most survivors completed the ninth grade at the usual age, suggesting a glimmer of hope for these students.
The BioSuit is a lightweight, skintight suit designed to allow superior mobility when humans reach Mars or return to the moon. It uses mechanical counter-pressure and stretches with the body, allowing freedom of movement.
Women who experienced cognitive decline were more likely to have disturbed sleep patterns, according to a study. The researchers found that it's not the total amount of sleep that matters, but rather how well it's quality, suggesting a potential link between poor sleep and cognitive decline.
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle leads to altered energy storage, promoting metabolic syndrome.
Research finds inadequate ventilation and overcrowding contribute to higher rates of lower respiratory tract lung infections in Inuit children. Carbon dioxide levels often exceed recommended concentrations in homes with poor ventilation.
A new study of children ages 5 to 7 found that C-reactive protein, a marker for cardiovascular disease, also indicates cognitive impairment in kids with OSA. The study suggests systemic inflammation is linked to decreased neurocognitive function in children with OSA.
The American College of Medical Genetics Foundation awarded Dr. Stuart Schwartz a $100,000 grant to develop a clinical practice model incorporating whole genome SNP array analysis. This project aims to promote safe and effective genetic testing and services.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have elucidated the crystal structure of LTC4 synthase, a major influence on asthma development. The study enables the development of new therapeutics by tailoring molecules to block the enzyme's active sites.
A new study demonstrates that ABT-737 can enhance the combined toxicity of common drugs against leukemia cells, leading to improved treatment outcomes. The results provide hope for children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), a common form of childhood cancer.
A Saint Louis University study finds that pediatricians' efforts to encourage lifestyle changes in obese patients and their families are often futile due to a lack of motivation. Doctors recognize the challenges of changing patterns of behavior in low-income households with limited access to healthy food and time for physical activity.
Scientists found evidence of a new type of communication between nerve cells in the brain, which may be linked to epilepsy. The discovery suggests that excitatory nerve cells are coupled together by gap junctions, potentially leading to cross-talk and altered brain function.
Scientists have identified a specific pathway, reactive-oxygen species (ROS), that allows cancer cells to evade the immune system. By targeting this pathway, researchers hope to develop new therapies that can break through the 'escape hatch' and accelerate or slow down T-cell activity.
Researchers warn of a rare but serious complication associated with eye tests in infants. Apraclonidine eyedrops used to diagnose Horner syndrome can lead to severe lethargy lasting up to 10 hours, requiring hospital admission and oxygen administration.
A study published in Archives of Surgery found that diabetics spend more days in the intensive care unit and have more complications during hospitalization for trauma. Diabetics are also less likely to be discharged home and require skilled nursing care after discharge.
A review of type 2 diabetes treatment found older agents have similar or superior effects on glycemic control and intermediate endpoints compared to newer, pricier medications. Gonorrhea is becoming resistant to fluoroquinolone antibiotics, leading to recommendations for alternative treatments.
The new publication provides up-to-date recommendations for clinicians treating patients with both HIV and TB, emphasizing the urgent challenge of integrating these two complex diseases. Key articles focus on treatment options, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies, highlighting the need for closer collaboration between experts.
A new study from Harvard School of Public Health found that hospitals in the top quartile of performance had nearly 1% lower mortality among patients with AMI, 0.4% among those with CHF, and 0.8% among those with pneumonia. This suggests that using quality measures to choose a hospital can increase survival odds.
The disease varies by race, sex, and geographic area, with higher incidence among blacks and men. The nationwide rates of the disease were last documented in 1992.
Non-compliance with dermatologic treatment is a widespread issue, and physicians can improve compliance by establishing strong patient-physician relations, choosing suitable medications, and using effective education materials. Research shows that addressing non-adherence can lead to better success for patients with psoriasis and other...
Dr. Clyde Goulden, a veteran scientist, received Mongolia's Friendship Medal for his climate change studies contributing to the global understanding of global warming. He has developed relations between the U.S. and Mongolia and promoted environmental research in the country.
A study of twins has connected genetic factors to the link between smoking addiction and major depression. The research found a shared gene associated with conduct disorder, which increases the risk of nicotine dependence and major depression, also leading to impulsivity and other drug addictions.
A Penn State research team discovered that blocking km23, a traffic cop protein, disrupts the transport of a signaling component to the nucleus, leading to reduced gene expression and cell growth. The findings may lead to diagnostic tools and earlier treatments for ovarian cancer.
Researchers found that HIV protease inhibitors block an enzyme crucial for generating the structural scaffolding of the cell nucleus. This leads to an accumulation of prelamin A and causes disease phenotypes similar to those associated with genetic defects in ZMPSTE24.
Researchers found a substantial rise in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma cases over three decades, with highest rates in San Francisco and lowest in Iowa. The disease disproportionately affects men, Blacks, and those living in affluent areas.
A new study suggests that walking on two legs, or bipedalism, evolved because it used less energy than quadrupedal knucklewalking. Researchers collected metabolic, kinematic and kinetic data from chimpanzees and humans walking on a treadmill, finding that humans only used one-quarter of the energy as chimpanzees when walking upright.
Researchers at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) have successfully injected spin-polarized electrons from a ferromagnetic metal contact into silicon, producing a large electron spin polarization. This achievement is crucial for developing devices that rely on electron spin rather than electron charge, known as semiconductor spintronics.
A study analyzing 138 bird species reveals that maximum flight speed is not solely determined by aerodynamic scaling rules. The authors found that flight speed also reflects the evolutionary history of the species, with species from the same group tending to fly at similar speeds.
Researchers propose a 'value meal' approach to decrease medication costs while increasing benefits from expensive cancer drugs. By taking certain medications with meals or grapefruit juice, patients may use up to 80% of the prescribed dose and reduce side effects.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University found that nasal insufflation using a nasal cannula significantly reduced symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and hypopnea. The treatment, known as TNI, delivered warm, humidified air at a high flow rate, showing marked improvements in patients with both mild and severe disorders.
Researchers isolated bisdemethoxycurcumin, which boosts macrophages to clear amyloid beta plaques found in Alzheimer's disease. The study identified key genes involved in this process, offering a new treatment approach that targets the innate immune system.
Scientists identified molecular markers linked to two root-knot nematode resistance genes, enabling breeders to efficiently screen for resistant plants. This breakthrough allows for faster and cost-effective development of root-knot resistant soybean crops.
A viral infection in 1990 reprogrammed the genetic machinery of a strep bacteria strain, creating a deadly form of
A team of researchers has discovered a new plant-bacterial symbiotic mechanism that allows certain leguminous plants to fix nitrogen more efficiently. This finding has significant implications for agriculture, particularly in tropical countries, and could lead to increased crop yields while reducing fertilizer use.
Researchers have identified a new gene, KIAA0350, associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children. The study used genome-wide association to analyze DNA samples from 1,046 children with the disease and found a significant link between a specific genetic variant and the development of type 1 diabetes.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute have discovered a molecular mechanism that governs the formation of fears stemming from traumatic events. Inhibiting a kinase called Cdk5 facilitates the extinction of fear, while increased activity persists fear learned in a particular context.
Researchers at McGill University Health Centre have identified a new gene involved in type 1 diabetes, bringing the total to five genes responsible for the disease. The discovery using high-density DNA microchip technology provides a promising step towards developing effective treatments and prevention methods.
New research suggests that extensive discussions of problems in friendships can have a negative effect on emotional adjustment in teenage girls. Girls who engage in co-rumination, or excessive talking about problems, are more likely to experience anxiety and depression.
A new study at WashU Medicine found that surgical repair of sports hernias using tension-free mesh, coupled with an innovative rehabilitation program, successfully returned athletes to competition in 93% of cases. The rehab protocol was developed by Ray Barile and involves a multistep, graduated approach to physical activity.
Researchers developed a new cancer treatment called Chlorotoxin:Cy5.5, which can illuminate tumor cells in the operating room, making it easier for surgeons to remove all cancerous cells without injuring surrounding healthy tissue. This technology has the potential to improve cancer therapy and save lives.
A new study finds that athletes with sports hernias can successfully return to competition using a standardized rehabilitation protocol. The protocol, developed by an athletic trainer, includes graduated activities from early ambulation to resistance and core building.