A study found that vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent among pregnant women, particularly in northern latitudes and darker-skinned individuals. Vitamin D stores are largely reliant on maternal vitamin D status, highlighting the need for improved public health measures.
Researchers from TU Delft have successfully applied seismic interferometry to extract information from seismic noise, which can be used to search for new oil fields. The method has shown promising results in a desert in the Middle East.
Exercise testing can diagnose chronic conditions and measure treatment responses, according to a new task force report. The findings suggest that clinical exercise testing can be a powerful tool for clinicians to evaluate interventions and improve patient outcomes.
Scientists at UTMB and University of Michigan develop direct electrical link between nerve cells and photovoltaic nanoparticle films, enabling light-stimulated nerve-signaling devices. This breakthrough could lead to creation of a nanoparticle-based artificial retina with unprecedented flexibility, compactness, and reliability.
A RAND Corporation study found that neighborhoods with more four-way intersections and diverse businesses encourage walking. However, the impact of these factors on walking is not particularly strong, especially when housing density is low. The study suggests that urban design recommendations can help create walkable communities.
Researchers at UW-Madison crack long-standing problem of mock theta functions using Harmonic Maass Forms. The discovery is invaluable in resolving open questions in number theory and enables applications to physics, chemistry, and mathematics.
Researchers discovered that ants in São Paulo, Brazil's largest city, have adapted to higher temperatures. The findings suggest a link between urban heat islands and the physiological adjustments of species.
Mayo Clinic researchers successfully transplanted cardiac preprogrammed embryonic stem cells into diseased hearts, regenerating infarcted heart muscle without tumor formation. The study establishes a tumor-resistant approach to growing new heart tissue from an embryonic stem cell source.
Researchers at UT-Houston's Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine have developed a new procedure to differentiate human embryonic stem cells into alveolar epithelial type II cells, also known as the 'stem cells of the lungs'. These cells can potentially be used to treat pulmonary genetic diseases and lung trauma.
Researchers discover that enhancing proteasome function can recover UPS function and improve cell viability in HD model and patient cells. This breakthrough suggests a potential therapeutic approach to address the underlying protein misfolding disorder of HD.
A study found that anti-ribosomal P antibodies, associated with SLE, induce depressive behavior in mice by interacting with the limbic system. Fluoxetine treatment reversed this effect, but haloperidol had no significant impact.
Patients with RA have double the risk of death from cancer compared to the general population. However, RA patients do not have an increased risk of developing cancer. A long-term study found a 40% increase in mortality among those who suffered both RA and cancer.
The two-year project aims to create cost-effective, bio-based materials to replace petroleum-derived plastics, benefiting American farmers. Rutgers researchers will develop 'hybrid' materials combining naturally occurring plant substances with synthetic degradable polymer biomaterials.
Researchers in Manchester and London are working on a £1.5m project to create more efficient solar cells using inexpensive materials and novel fabrication methods. The goal is to produce demonstration hybrid solar cells with the potential to be mass-produced and achieve an energy conversion efficiency of ten percent.
Astrophysicists discovered a mechanism that produces high-energy gamma rays from the Milky Way's black hole, accelerating protons to unprecedented speeds. The process creates high-energy gamma rays through collisions between accelerated protons and hydrogen gas.
Nanotechnology has the potential to provide less-industrialized countries with powerful new tools for diagnosing and treating disease. The technology could revolutionize health care in developing countries by making treatments more readily available for diseases that claim millions of lives annually.
A new study published in Psychological Science presents a twist on the conventional understanding of narcissism. Researchers found that narcissists actually view themselves positively in agentic domains, such as status and dominance, but not in communal domains like kindness and emotional intimacy.
Researchers found that consuming whole fat milk and eating ice cream reduces the risk of anovulatory infertility in women trying to become pregnant. In contrast, a diet consisting of low-fat dairy products increases the risk by up to 85%. Women are advised to switch from low-fat to high-fat dairy foods to improve fertility.
Researchers have developed a technique to encourage survival and growth of adult stem cells, found in many tissues, which hold great promise for treating injuries and some diseases. The study's findings suggest that by manipulating the environment surrounding the cells, certain growth factors can protect them from pro-death signals.
A study found that focused support increased breastfeeding rates among Latina women, with those receiving peer counseling being 10-66 times more likely to nurse exclusively at 2 months postpartum. The research highlights the need for tailored interventions to address ethnic disparities in breastfeeding promotion.
A Queen's University poll found that 65% of respondents believe workers with intellectual disabilities should work alongside those without ID, while 71.1% note a lack of job training programs as a major obstacle to workplace inclusion. The study suggests that public attitudes are not a barrier to keeping workers with ID in the workplace.
A review of medical literature reveals that direct communication between hospital physicians and primary care physicians at discharge is infrequent. Discharge summaries often lack important information, contributing to primary care physician dissatisfaction and impacting quality of care. Urgent improvements are needed in the processes ...
A five-year survey of catches at local fish markets provided the first detailed description of Indonesia's shark and ray fauna. The Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research published a 330-page field guide, Economically Important Sharks and Rays of Indonesia, featuring over 20 new species.
Two promising blood cancer researchers, Giovanni Roti and Marta Crespo, will each receive $75,000 to fund their research in the US. The EHA-ASH International Fellowship Award aims to build stronger ties between European and North American scientific communities.
The brain's information processing is more chaotic than previously thought, with neurons releasing chemical messengers along their entire length. This challenges traditional understanding of neuronal communication and may lead to new medical drug development.
A new study uses MRI to measure intra-abdominal fat, a type of fat that can predispose children to adult diseases like heart disease and diabetes. The study found strong correlations between single-slice MRI measurements and clinical measures, suggesting that this method could be useful in monitoring adolescents at risk.
The College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering has successfully produced the world's first exposed images using the ASML EUV research and development tool. This achievement supports the R&D programs of the $600M International Venture for Nanolithography consortium, which includes global industry-university collaborations.
A new study from CAMH and NIH demonstrates that nicotine plays a critical role in reinforcing smoking behavior in primates. The study shows that animals develop strong motivation to self-administer nicotine over time.
Researchers discovered that cancer cells forming blood vessels exhibit a distinct distribution of cellular copper, which may help explain how copper-reducing cancer therapy works. This finding has implications for understanding the regulation of metal ion content in metal-binding proteins and could lead to new cancer therapies.
A new DNA study has identified significant genetic differences among Melanesian populations, tied to their island of origin and language spoken. The research, led by Temple University professor Jonathan Friedlaender, sheds light on the unique diversity of this region.
A national study estimates that approximately 1 in 4 U.S. females between 14 and 59 years old may have HPV infection, with the highest prevalence among younger women. The study also found a significant trend for increasing HPV prevalence with age, followed by a decline through 59 years.
A study found that benefits of increased homework vary widely across nations, grades, and quality of schools. In the US, there is a negative relationship between higher homework amounts and student achievement in elementary schools, but only a small benefit in middle schools.
A randomized controlled trial found that prolonged exposure cognitive behavioral therapy was more effective than present-centered therapy in treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in female military veterans and active-duty women. The therapy led to improved symptoms, quality of life, and reduced anxiety.
Researchers discovered that eating spaghetti with sauce made from orange-colored Tangerine tomatoes increased levels of cis-lycopene, a beneficial compound, in participants' blood. The study found that the body absorbed more cis-lycopene from Tangerine tomatoes than from red tomatoes.
Researchers at UC Davis have created digital brain atlases with high-resolution whole-brain images, enabling virtual microscopy for comparison of healthy brains with those affected by neurological diseases. The online platform allows users to explore and analyze brain data using free downloadable tools.
A dataset of all published Indian patent applications and patents has been created, providing a searchable platform for stakeholders. The database aims to ensure that patent applications are thoroughly scrutinized, protecting the interests of patients in developing countries while preserving incentives for pharmaceutical R&D.
Professor Sarah Codd's research uses magnetic resonance microscopy to study fuel cells, medical catheters, and contaminated soil and water. The NSF Career Award will support her work in advancing the technique and educating engineers about its applications.
A meta-analysis of 68 randomized trials found that antioxidant supplements beta carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E were associated with increased mortality risk. Vitamin C showed no significant association, while selenium use tended to reduce mortality risk.
Researchers discovered that plant nectar contains secondary compounds, including nicotine, which repel pollinators and attract 'nectar thieves'. This finding suggests that plants may produce nectar to increase genetic diversity by attracting more visitors despite the potential risk of poisoning insects.