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Science News for June 18, 2007


Discovery of the oldest adornments in the world

The discovery of small perforated sea shells in Morocco has pushed back the known origin of bead adornments to 82,000 years ago. The findings suggest that modern humans possessed symbolic thought and cognitive abilities earlier than previously thought.

SourceCNRS·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 18, 2007

Candy cigarettes: Bringing the candy man home

A new study in Preventive Medicine reveals that candy cigarettes can favorably set the minds of some children towards becoming future cigarette smokers. Children who played with candy cigarettes were more likely to become adult smokers than those who never consumed them.

SourceElsevier·JournalPreventive Medicine·DateJun 18, 2007

Preventing fractures in men -- Making the most of limited flu vaccine stocks

A study published in PLOS Medicine found that men who participate in sports or vigorous physical activity are less likely to suffer from osteoporotic fractures. The researchers analyzed data from over 2,000 men and found that those with higher levels of physical activity had a significantly lower risk of fractures. By taking exercise, ...

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Medicine·DateJun 18, 2007

Researchers discover 'acquired' DNA key to certain bacterial infection

A team of researchers from Oregon State University has discovered a unique genetic material acquired through evolution that allows Mycobacterium avium to infect human tissue cells. This 'island' of genetic material enables the bacterium to evade the body's immune response, compromising immunity in patients with lung infections and AIDS.

SourceOregon State University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 18, 2007

Autistic children recognize stereotypes based on race and sex

Research reveals that autistic children can learn and apply social stereotypes, including those based on race and sex, despite difficulties with theory of mind development. This finding suggests that different cognitive mechanisms may be at play for understanding social categories versus mental states.

SourceCell Press·JournalCurrent Biology·DateJun 18, 2007

Researchers demonstrate way to control tree height

Researchers at Oregon State University have successfully manipulated the growth in height of trees using genetic modification, creating miniature trees that can range from a few inches to over 50 feet tall. The findings offer potential for new products in the ornamental and nursery industries, but regulatory hurdles must be overcome.

Evidence lacking to guide treatment for sudden hearing loss

A systematic review and meta-analysis found little to no scientific evidence supporting the use of steroids or other therapies for treating sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The study suggests that systemic steroids may not be the gold standard of treatment due to severe limitations in existing studies.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalArchives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·DateJun 18, 2007

Reconstructing the biology of extinct species: A new approach

A research team has discovered a fundamental adaptive mechanism linking an animal's locomotion to its sensory systems. The study found that the dimensions of the three semicircular canals in the inner ear are linked to the type of movement produced by an animal's limbs.

SourcePenn State·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJun 18, 2007

Predicting danger of flu pandemic rests on differences in affected population, says O.R. Forum

A new model predicts the danger of flu pandemics by analyzing population heterogeneity. The study highlights the importance of considering individual attributes such as social interaction and susceptibility to infection. Social distancing measures may be effective in limiting the spread of disease, according to the research.

Arctic spring comes weeks earlier than a decade ago

The Arctic has seen its spring arrive significantly earlier than it did just a decade ago, with flowering dates advancing by up to 30 days in some species. This rapid change is considered one of the clearest signals of biological response to rising temperatures, and offers an early warning of global warming's effects.

SourceCell Press·JournalCurrent Biology·DateJun 18, 2007

PINK1 protects from Parkinson's

The study reveals a novel anti-apoptotic signaling pathway disrupted by PINK1 mutations, suggesting a potential target for therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease. Increasing evidence links single-copy mutations in PINK1 to the development of later-onset PD.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS Biology·DateJun 18, 2007