Researchers at Purdue and Stony Brook universities have determined the precise atomic-scale structure of the poliovirus attached to key receptor molecules in human host cells. The study provides a detailed analysis of how a virus can enter its host cell, shedding light on infection processes.
Increasing brisk walking and reducing television watching were found to be inversely associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. The study's key finding is that vigorous activity is protective against the disease in this high-risk population.
Researchers at Rice University have identified a potential connection between glutamate and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in the development of neurological disorders. A mutation in a glutamate receptor gene found in both fruit flies and humans can disrupt regulatory mechanisms, leading to increased neuronal excitability.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have discovered that high doses of thiamine can dramatically decrease albumin excretion and reverse early-stage diabetic kidney disease. The study found that 300mg of thiamine taken orally daily for three months reduced albumin excretion by 41% in type 2 diabetes patients.
The Tiny Videos system, created by Alex Karpenko, is a groundbreaking framework that allows for efficient compression and searching of large amounts of video data. It can recognize and find duplicate video segments, properly labeling them and helping users quickly find specific videos.
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) and the US National Institute on Aging (NIA) have joined forces to fund collaborative UK-US research projects into normal ageing. The programme aims to develop research links between UK and US research groups to further our understanding of healthy biology of ageing.
The PATH Malaria Vaccine Initiative has reported promising results from two studies on the efficacy of RTS,S/AS malaria vaccine candidate. The first study showed the vaccine's efficacy when co-administered with other childhood vaccines, while the second study demonstrated its effectiveness in children aged 5 to 17 months.
The National Mathematics Advisory Panel's final report was subject to scrutiny in a special issue of Educational Researcher, with experts discussing the report's limitations and potential solutions. Researchers highlighted concerns over quantitative focus, lack of clear framing, and failure to address achievement disparities.
Researchers found two insulin-related proteins that predict survival chances in colorectal cancer patients. High IGFBP-1 levels were associated with lower mortality rates, while high C-peptide levels increased the risk of overall death and other conditions.
Severely obese patients who lose weight through diet and exercise may be as successful in keeping the weight off long-term as those who undergo bariatric surgery. Behavioral modifications are critical to long-term weight loss maintenance, according to a new study.
Researchers have developed a new method to track down the cause of hereditary diseases more quickly and efficiently. This technique allows for genetic tests that take months today to be carried out in just a few weeks, providing a faster and more cost-effective solution.
Purdue researchers found that lab mice can relieve stress by controlling their environment through behaviors such as selecting preferred temperatures and building nests. This suggests that allowing lab animals to express natural behaviors may improve research data reliability.
A study found that people's opinions on nanotechnology are shaped by their cultural values, with pro-commerce values leading to a positive view and egalitarian values sparking concerns about risks. The findings highlight the need for nuanced communication strategies to address diverse audiences.
A global study of 5,290 bird species found that environmental variation causes birds to lay larger clutches. The study, published in PLOS Biology, also revealed that species living in seasonal environments tend to have larger clutches than those in tropical regions.
Two new studies published in NEJM confirm the efficacy of RTS,S/AS, a malaria vaccine candidate, in reducing clinical episodes by 53% in children aged 5-17 months. The vaccine also demonstrates favorable safety profiles and can be administered alongside standard infant vaccines, providing an optimal delivery platform.
A team of researchers has identified a crucial mechanism in cell division, which could lead to improved cancer therapies with fewer side effects. By understanding how the contractile ring pinches cells into two daughter cells, scientists can develop more targeted treatments.
A new study published in PLoS Medicine reveals that China's antinarcotics policies compromise the health and human rights of detained injection drug users. The study found routine HIV testing without consent, lack of medical treatment, and inadequate information on HIV prevention.
The US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute has released a complete draft assembly of the soybean genetic code, making it available to researchers. Preliminary studies suggest that the soybean genome contains as many as 66,000 genes, more than twice the number identified in the human genome.
A lack of clear-cut scientific evidence has created controversy over breast cancer screening for women over 80. Researchers recommend investing in clinical trials to assess cancer screening and treatment for older individuals, strengthening empirical data for medical recommendations.
Researchers have discovered that simultaneous inhibition of BCR-ABL and KIT proteins is crucial for suppressing leukemia cell growth. This finding may lead to the development of novel drugs targeting multidrug resistant mutants of BCR-ABL, as well as new treatment strategies for CML stem cells.
Researchers discovered two new extinct species of coral, Isopora ginsburgi and Isopora curacaoensis, found on the Island of Curaçao six million years ago. The findings provide insight into coral evolution and biogeographic separation between Caribbean and Indo-Pacific regions.
Diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, and glaucoma cases among Americans with diabetes are estimated to increase significantly by 2050. The number of people with diabetes-related retinal disease is projected to rise, causing vision loss and disabilities that can lead to depression, reduced mobility, and reduced quality of life.
Scientists at Oxford University created a mouse model of neonatal diabetes that mimics the human condition, showing the V59M mutant Kir6.2 protein disrupts insulin production and leads to increased blood glucose levels.
A new study by University of Oregon sociologists found that Americans who are unemployed, incarcerated, or impoverished are more likely to be classified as black, regardless of their past self-identification. The research suggests that race is closely tied to social status and can be altered by changes in economic position.
University of Miami Rosenstiel School Ph.D. student Rafael Schiller earns a coveted 'Best Poster' award for his research on improving coastal simulations using GODAE and satellite products, supporting the Northern Gulf of Mexico Cooperative Institute.
Researchers found that patients in distressed marriages had higher levels of stress, less physical activity, slower recovery and more symptoms of illness compared to those with good marriages. Women in strong marriages also maintained better dietary habits and physical activity, leading to a poorer recovery from cancer.
A Mayo Clinic study found that statins do not interfere with rituximab treatment for lymphomas. In fact, statins may slow the progression of certain types of lymphoma. The study included over 500 patients and showed that statin use did not affect treatment outcomes, but may even improve them in some cases.
Researchers found contaminated offspring with underdeveloped brains, inadequate energy supplies, and dysfunctional livers. The study's findings have implications for human health, as the estuary is a primary water source for California.
A team of Clemson researchers, led by Taufiquar Khan and Irina Viktorova, is developing mathematical models to optimize metering and communications in complex power-distribution networks. This effort aims to improve distribution efficiency, save energy, and reduce operating costs.
A new analysis finds that state policies meant to limit minors' indoor tanning use have had little impact, with the practice increasing in states without such policies. The study reveals five factors associated with indoor tanning use: age, gender, social attitude, parental involvement, and permission.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered Paneth cells, which line the gut and secrete antimicrobial proteins to keep harmful bacteria from invading tissues. These cells serve as a defense mechanism to prevent disease and illnesses such as food poisoning.
REGiMMUNE receives significant funding from Japan's JST and NIBIO to advance its immunosuppressant ToleroVax for GvHD and allergy treatment reVax. The grants will support preclinical and clinical programs for these promising therapies.
A new framework proposes national surveillance, monitoring, and research to inform future guideline development in low-income countries. Local data will optimize the management of childhood diseases like malaria, pneumonia, and diarrhoea by capturing country-specific differences.
The study aims to develop an understanding of COPD pathogenesis and yield tools for stratifying and treating patients based on molecular processes. The research will help identify the molecular processes that give rise to disease-specific symptoms in individual patients.
A University of Michigan researcher found that men who overspend on consumer goods have higher mating intentions and past success in attracting mates. The study suggests an evolutionary link between financial consumption and mating behavior, with men competing for status and resources to attract partners.
A study published in Cancer Prevention Research suggests that selenium may aid in the prevention of high-risk bladder cancer. Women, moderate smokers, and those with p53 positive bladder cancer had significant reductions in bladder cancer with higher rates of selenium.
The study shows significantly increased disc tissue density and extracellular matrix components at 12 months post treatment, suggesting a potential link between ADRCs and improved disc condition. Viable ADRCs were identified within the discs, indicating a possible novel therapeutic for spinal surgery patients.
A recent mini-symposium in Political Research Quarterly explores the critical role of race in shaping US political history. The studies reveal how and why racial factors have influenced major developments, including debates over slavery and internal improvements.
Scientists identified a protein called Akt as the key to exploiting a vulnerability in cancer cells. By targeting this protein, researchers were able to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells.
Two proteins, CUGBP and MBNL1, play crucial roles in switching alternative splicing patterns during heart development. The study provides insights into normal heart development and has implications for understanding myotonic dystrophy.
Vimpat demonstrates statistically significant efficacy as early as the first week of treatment, with consistently significant results for both primary endpoints starting at doses of 100 mg/day. The drug shows a significant reduction in seizure frequency versus placebo, with a 39.1% increase in patients experiencing a 50% or greater red...
Researchers at Caltech used novel imaging techniques to visualize the movement of thousands of cells during gastrulation, a critical stage in embryonic development. They found that mesodermal cells move in a directed manner, while ectodermal cells converge and ride the downward wave.
A study published in the International Journal of Internet Marketing and Advertising suggests that non-profits can exploit online marketing strategies to gain traffic and raise awareness. By focusing on relevant keywords and optimizing their websites, non-profits can improve their search engine rankings and increase donations.
The RTS, S/AS01E malaria vaccine has shown strong immune response and reduced clinical malaria incidence in children aged 5-17 months. The vaccine's efficacy is being recommended to progress to Phase 3 trials.
Joan Massagué was honored with the inaugural AACR Distinguished Leadership Award in Breast Cancer Research for his work on transforming growth hormone factor-Beta and its role in metastasis. His research identified organ-specific metastatic characteristics that predict cancer cell spread.
Researchers at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center report encouraging results from clinical trials of second-generation CML drugs nilotinib and dasatinib. These drugs have shown higher complete cytogenetic response rates compared to the frontline medication imatinib, with some patients achieving responses faster than ever seen before.
The study reveals that marshes lost elevation after Hurricane Ike, contrary to expectations. Damage to the coastline sparks debates around public access and private property issues. Researcher Dr. Rusty Feagin's findings highlight the importance of preserving natural processes to mitigate the effects of future storms.
A new study found that smaller male redback spiders have a ten-times higher paternity rate than larger males when given an early start. This is because they mature faster and are quicker on their feet, allowing them to compete effectively.
The study of human fossils from Sima de la Palomas reveals the persistence of Neandertals until around 40,000 years ago. This challenges the idea that they were quickly displaced by modern humans, indicating a more complex picture of contact and coexistence between different human populations.
Researchers at McGill University have discovered a genetic mutation in worms that causes them to burn lipids instead of storing them, leading to a potential new treatment for obesity. The enzyme involved in this process may also play a role in humans, where it could help block the accumulation of fat in fatty tissue
A newly discovered species of microsporidia infects the roundworm C. elegans, providing a powerful system to study these mysterious microbes and develop new drugs. This discovery has the potential to identify new treatments for human microsporidian infections.
A Mayo Clinic study found that withdrawing anti-seizure medication in children with epilepsy who have achieved seizure-freedom is generally safe and carries a low risk of developing intractable epilepsy. The study, which reviewed records of 241 children, found only 5% to develop intractable epilepsy after withdrawal.
A rectal application of artesunate may be the key to saving lives from severe malaria in remote areas. The study found that pre-referral rectal artesunate significantly reduced mortality and permanent disability among patients with suspected severe malaria who could not receive oral treatment.
New study reveals that despite increased wind speeds, Southern Ocean currents and upwelling patterns remain unchanged, contradicting previous concerns about the ocean's capacity to combat climate change. The research suggests that small-scale ocean eddies balance stronger winds, preventing a significant impact on carbon dioxide storage.
A Yale study reveals that the public's perception of nanotechnology is highly polarized based on cultural values, with some groups viewing it as safe and others as risky. The study suggests that public education strategies should consider citizens' predispositions to effectively communicate about nanotechnology.
Researchers at Georgia Tech establish a new record for quantum information storage and retrieval lifetime, advancing quantum networking. The record-breaking 7-millisecond storage time enables the transmission of data across a thousand kilometers on an optical network.
Scientists at Emory University have developed strain-tuned quantum dots with new optical properties, reducing toxicity and size limitations. These particles can be made mostly of zinc and selenium, emitting light at near-infrared wavelengths, which could improve biomedical imaging and optoelectronics.
Researchers at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center analyzed over 1,100 blood stem cell transplantations and found that older patients (65+) do not have poorer outcomes compared to younger patients. The study also showed that disease type and status at transplant are key prognostic variables for survival.
Researchers have found that preventive use of antithrombotic medication can reduce incidence of thromboembolic events in cancer patients. The PROTECHT Study shows a 47.2% reduction in risk, while also demonstrating safety with minimal major bleeding episodes.
In a phase II clinical trial, lenalidomide demonstrated activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia in elderly patients. The drug showed a favorable toxicity profile and achieved significant responses, including partial response in 54% of patients.