Researchers found that transplanted bone marrow stromal cells can differentiate into liver cells and may be used for cell replacement therapy. The study also suggests that these cells are not the origin of liver cancer in mice.
Researchers found that faulty RNA plays a key role in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. They discovered that altering the RNA structure can mitigate toxicity, suggesting a common component between different types of human triplet repeat expansion diseases.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have discovered two gatekeeper proteins, Rpn13 and an ubiquitin receptor, on the proteasome. This finding has significant implications for cancer research, as it may lead to the development of targeted drugs that can block protein breakdown and prevent tumor cell proliferation.
The Precourt Institute for Energy Efficiency has awarded its first competitive research grants to Stanford faculty members, with a total of $358,000 in funding over the next 11-18 months. The grants support projects aimed at enhancing energy efficiency in transportation, building, and electricity sectors.
The NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service uses otoliths, scales, and vertebra to age tens of thousands of samples each year. The aging team provides critical data for stock assessments needed to manage the nation's fishery resources in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.
Research on ocean acidification reveals that the oceans have become 30% more acidic since the industrial revolution, with predicted pH levels dropping by 0.4 units by the end of the century. This could lead to devastating effects on marine life and ecosystems, including coral reefs and fisheries.
Research found that quitting smoking is linked to a cultural shift, with groups of spouses, friends, siblings, and co-workers giving up the habit at the same time. Closer relationships have a greater impact on quitting, with education playing a role in influencing behavior.
A study published in The Lancet found that metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in elderly individuals. However, it was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Instead, individual components of metabolic syndrome were linked to a higher risk of new-onset diabetes.
Astronomers have witnessed a star dying in real-time for the first time, marking a major breakthrough in understanding supernovae. The team used NASA's orbiting Swift telescope to detect an extremely luminous X-ray blast from the explosion, confirming that it was indeed a supernova.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes have identified genes responsible for fat storage in cells, which may lead to new understanding and potential treatments for obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. The study found that ~1.5% of all genes function in lipid-droplet formation and regulation.
A new study reveals that ICU physicians are less comfortable discussing end-of-life issues and do it less frequently with African-American patients than with Caucasian patients. Researchers analyzed data from over 1,200 physicians and found a significant disparity in prognostic conversations with patients of different racial backgrounds.
Researchers found that stem cells differentiate through the collective behavior of multiple genes in a network, leading to just a few endpoints. The findings also suggest that cell populations maintain built-in variability that nature can harness for change under the right conditions.
A team of international experts from 10 countries developed the first evidence-based definition of lifelong premature ejaculation, aiding future diagnosis and treatment. The definition combines three key factors: early ejaculation nearly every time, inability to delay ejaculation, and negative personal consequences.
A recent analysis of US births reveals that babies born preterm are more than twice as likely to have major birth defects. The study found that very preterm babies were five times more likely to suffer from such defects, with central nervous system and cardiovascular issues being the most common.
The Gerobatrachus fossil provides key evidence for the evolution of modern amphibians from one ancient group, resolving a long-standing controversy. It suggests that frogs and salamanders separated around 240-275 million years ago, contrary to previous estimates.
Researchers found children with OSA have higher levels of inflammation markers, which can indicate cardiovascular strain. After surgery, these levels decreased, suggesting a potential link between untreated OSA and long-term cardiovascular risks.
Researchers have developed fluorescent nano-barcodes that can detect biomolecules with high precision, surpassing existing methods like microarrays. This technology has the potential to accurately diagnose diseases and identify new molecular markers associated with them.
A study found that smokers tend to quit in groups, with entire clusters of spouses, friends, siblings, and co-workers giving up the habit concurrently. Close relationships within the social network have a significant influence on quitting smoking.
The European research project EARLINET-ASOS is analyzing the effects of atmospheric aerosol particles on climate change. By monitoring aerosol concentrations and origins across Europe, scientists aim to improve predictions of climate systems.
A large group of soldiers returning from Iraq were diagnosed with bronchiolitis, a disease affecting the small airways of the lung. Prolonged exposure to sulfur dioxide from a mine fire near Mosul, Iraq in 2003 was found to be a major risk factor for the condition.
Astronomers have caught a supernova explosion in the act, providing valuable insights into the process. The observation, made possible by NASA's Swift satellite, has helped scientists form a detailed picture of star explosions and shed light on long-standing puzzles.
A new study found that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who receive low-intensity case management experience significant reductions in emergency room visits and hospitalizations. This simple yet effective model also improves quality of life measures.
Researchers at Montana State University have created the first three-dimensional map of the Steap3 protein, which regulates iron absorption. This breakthrough could lead to the development of targeted drugs for hemochromatosis and iron deficiency conditions.
Researchers at USC have discovered a method to keep embryonic stem cells undifferentiated by shielding them from differentiation signals. This breakthrough could lead to the large-scale production of specialized cells for future therapeutic use.
A recent case report indicates that laparoscopic biliary tract reoperation is a safe and viable option for patients with choledocholithiasis who have failed or are contraindicated for endoscopic sphincterotomy. The procedure appears to be feasible when performed by experienced laparoscopic surgeons.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have developed a high-resolution confocal endomicroscopy probe system that can accurately identify benign colon polyps without removal. The technology was tested in 37 patients and showed an accuracy rate of 98% in flagging non-cancerous polyps.
Researchers analyzed 32-year longitudinal data to discover that people quit smoking in network clusters, influenced by education and marginalization. The study suggests that smoking cessation is a social phenomenon, highlighting the interconnectedness of health and social networks.
Researchers have identified a unique genetic signature that can alert physicians to high-risk breast tumors masquerading as low-risk tumors. The genetic signature is associated with a higher chance of cancer recurrence and standard anti-estrogen therapy being ineffective.
A UNC study found a consistent association between six-month to one-year persistent HPV infections and high-grade cervical lesions or cervical cancer. The study suggests that measuring HPV persistence could optimize screening for cervical cancer by increasing sensitivity while maintaining specificity.
The TEEB report estimates that biodiversity offers $5 billion in ecosystem services per year, but loss could exacerbate global poverty and climate change. The project aims to address the economic value of biodiversity and its impact on human survival.
At 15 mmHg CO2 insufflation pressure, gastric cancer cells' proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis improved. The extracellular pH changed significantly with CO2 versus helium exposure, affecting tumor-cell implantation during laparoscopic surgery.
A clinical trial found that combining nebulized formoterol fumarate with tiotropium significantly improves dyspnea, COPD symptoms, and rescue medication use. The treatment also shows promise in relieving shortness of breath, chest tightness, and nighttime awakenings.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that daily alcohol intake above 20g increases the risk of liver injury, while drinking for 5 years or more also poses a significant threat. The research highlights the importance of obesity as a contributing factor to liver damage.
A new analysis of REMICADE for ulcerative colitis found that over 60% of patients achieved clinical response at week 8, with significant improvements maintained at week 30. The study also reported significant improvements in disease remission and mucosal healing.
Neuroscience researchers found that sleep-deprived brains can process simple visuals but struggle with higher-level visual tasks, such as recognizing letters. The study suggests that sleep deprivation can lead to periods of normal functioning followed by severe drops in visual processing and attention.
Scientists have created human liver cells from embryonic stem cells, enabling drug toxicity studies and potential treatments for liver diseases. Researchers also found that innate immunity influences the response to treatment for chronic hepatitis C and discovered a link between urinary tract infections and primary biliary cirrhosis.
Researchers at Peninsula Medical School have identified a protein called c-Jun that plays a vital role in the regeneration of damage in the peripheral nervous system. This discovery could lead to understanding and treating diseases such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and Guillain-Barre disease.
Thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) expression correlates with the progression of fibrosis and angiogenesis in experimental cirrhosis. The study suggests that TSP-1 may contribute to wound healing response to liver injury by inducing angiogenesis.
Christa Peters-Lidard receives the award for her work on high-resolution land surface modeling and satellite data assimilation, improving U.S. hydrometeorological forecasting capabilities
A study found that probiotics have anti-inflammatory potential in healthy adults, characterized by decreased serum CRP levels and reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines. This suggests a possible therapeutic application for probiotics in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Scientists at Thomas Jefferson University will study molecular mechanisms of cardiac injury leading to heart failure, as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote repair in the adult failing heart. The four-lab project aims to find data that can be translated into novel therapeutic strategies.
Scientists at PNNL developed a way to reduce cloud-induced glare when satellites measure blue skies on cloudy days, allowing for more accurate estimates of sunlight penetration. The new approach improves visibility by as much as ten-fold in some cases, enabling better climate modeling.
A study found that combining nebulized formoterol fumarate with tiotropium significantly improved COPD symptoms, including shortness of breath and chest tightness, in patients. The treatment also showed enhanced control of COPD symptoms, with decreased use of albuterol rescue medication.
A new study found that first-born children are more likely to develop asthma and allergy due to specific pregnancy conditions. Researchers investigated immune markers in cord blood IgE and skin prick tests at ages four and ten, revealing a statistically significant higher risk among first-borns.
Researchers discovered chromosomal gains and losses associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in a study published in the World Journal of Gastroenterology. The study identified specific genetic regions, including 6p, 20p, and 10pq, that may harbor ESCC-related oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
A national education program improved sepsis guideline adherence and reduced hospital mortality rates. Compliance with resuscitation procedures declined after one year, but management bundle adherence remained stable.
A rare case of ischemic colitis was caused by the obstruction of mesenteric and splenic veins, leading to impaired colonic venous drainage. Long-term follow-up is necessary due to limited information on this condition.
A study published in World Journal of Gastroenterology found that CT scans and MRI scans are equally accurate in detecting paraaortic lymph node metastasis in patients with pancreatico-biliary carcinoma. The results support the current clinical practice of using both imaging modalities for evaluating this condition.
A case of primary rectal signet ring cell carcinoma with peritoneal dissemination and gastric secondaries was reported. The diagnosis relied on immunohistochemical studies using cytokeratins 7 and 20, highlighting the importance of accurate pathological techniques in identifying this rare cancer type.
Sixteen- and 17-year-olds are more likely to experience donation-related complications such as fainting and bruising compared to older donors. Complications were found in 10.7% of donations by teens, with injuries from fainting being uncommon but severe enough to require medical care.
Researchers identify nonsignaling glial cells as a guiding scaffold for synapse formation in the developing brain. The discovery sheds light on neural network formation and may hold clues to understanding disorders like autism.
Researchers found that endoscopic ultrasound improves patient outcomes after diagnosis with pancreatic cancer. Heavy smoking and drinking are linked to an earlier onset of the disease, with beer being the strongest contributor.
Researchers found Prometheus liver support does not worsen systemic hemodynamics but lacks equal benefits as MARS treatment. The study concludes that extra-corporal liver support with albumin dialysis should not be withheld due to safety concerns.
A large study found incidental adrenal masses on abdominal CT scans to be almost always benign and require no imaging follow-up in low-risk patients. Most lesions were adenomas or myelolipomas, with myelolipomas being more common than previously thought.
Pirfenidone slows lung capacity loss and overall deterioration of IPF, offering new hope for treatment. The study's findings suggest that pirfenidone may also be effective in treating other fibrotic lung diseases.
Researchers found evidence of a large ornithopod dinosaur and a herd of 11 sauropods walking together at the same speed. The site preserved footprints that provide insights into dinosaur herding behavior, a rare example of social behavior for reptiles.
A study published in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology found that early life exposure to cats may reduce the risk of developing asthma symptoms. Children with cat ownership were more likely to make allergy-related antibodies and less likely to have wheeze at age five.
The study found that Mayo Clinic's intensive care unit (ICU) pneumonia prevention rate is similar to the national average, but lower for trauma ICUs. The most common pathogen causing VAP was Pseudomonas aeruginosa, highlighting the need for targeted antibiotic treatment.
Researchers found that overexpressed midkine (MK) and its truncated form (tMK) significantly promote the proliferation of gastric adenocarcinoma cells and tumor growth in nude mice. This study suggests tMK as a promising therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment.
Researchers discovered that snakes have undergone massive functional redesign of core metabolic proteins, enabling their remarkable physiological adaptations. This study provides insight into vertebrate physiology and opens up new directions for research on molecular evolution and adaptation.