Researchers found that human behavior adapts to varying levels of uncertainty, trading off between input and output. This study demonstrates the existence of input-output trade-offs in human information processing.
Researchers find that increasing Antarctic sea ice extent is due to stabilization of the upper ocean by increased precipitation, which reduces melting from both above and below. Climate models predict faster melting in the future, leading to a potential decrease in sea ice extent.
A new study published in The Journal of General Physiology reveals that HCN channels play a crucial role in regulating heart rate during stress. The research provides insight into the mechanisms behind the 'flight-or-fight' response, offering new understanding of this complex physiological process.
A new study by Berkeley Lab researchers reveals that ozone can react with nicotine in secondhand smoke to form ultrafine particles, a potential threat to asthma sufferers. These particles become major components of thirdhand smoke and can carry and deposit harmful organic chemicals deep into the lower respiratory tract.
A new device can transmit American Sign Language over US cellular networks, allowing for fast and reliable communication. The tool has been tested by deaf and hard-of-hearing students, who found it to be a game-changer for their daily lives.
The Kavli Prize Science Forum brings together influential science policy figures to discuss the role of international cooperation in addressing global challenges. The event aims to facilitate high-level discussion on major topics in science and science policy, with a focus on balancing cooperation and competition.
Health risks from Gulf Coast oil spill include toxic vapors, oil slicks, tar balls, and contaminated seafood posing respiratory problems, skin irritation, mental health concerns, and neurological impairment. The risk factors are improving as the oil leak has been stopped.
A new study finds that presidential election outcomes directly influence suicide rates among voters. In states where the majority supported the winner, suicide rates decreased, but more dramatically in states where the majority supported the loser, with a 4.6% lower rate for males and 5.3% for females.
A University of Gothenburg study reveals that involuntary childlessness has a significant negative impact on quality-of-life and wellbeing for both men and women who have undergone failed IVF treatment. Men often feel frustrated by unknown causes of infertility, while women experience bereavement-like emotions.
A study by the University of Houston team suggests that higher exposure to estrogens may be connected to gallbladder cancer. The research found that eliminating estrogens prevents tumor development in a specific animal model, leading to potential new drugs and understanding individual risks.
Researchers demonstrate that rationally guided human adult stem cells can effectively heal, repair, and regenerate damaged heart tissue. The study shows improved heart function recovery, reduced scars, and increased survival rate in mouse models with heart failure.
A diagnostic test of eight short questions can detect depressive thinking patterns in women who care for an adult family member with a serious mental illness. The test has been found valid in different groups and cultures, and its successful completion can lead to prevention of serious depressive illness.
A recent study published in Psychological Science discovered that individuals who face restrictions on emigration tend to rationalize their country's system and justify its flaws. This reaction is linked to feelings of system inescapability, particularly among those experiencing poverty.
Researchers discovered that galectin-3 promotes angiogenesis by binding to specific cell-adhesion proteins, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. Targeting the protein with inhibitors significantly reduced angiogenesis in mice, offering new approaches for treating diseases caused by excessive blood vessel growth.
Researchers found that only a subset of pre-transplant HCV viruses can infect the new liver, with these viruses having mutations in their surface protein that evade the immune response. This discovery may lead to new ways to prevent reinfection after liver transplant.
Research at LSU Health Sciences Center found that vitamin D can reduce allergic responses to Aspergillus fumigatus, a common mold that causes severe allergic symptoms in asthmatics and Cystic Fibrosis patients. Vitamin D also increased production of proteins promoting tolerance.
Dysphagia is associated with a poorer prognosis, increased risk of death and prolonged hospital stays among hospitalized patients. The condition can lead to aspiration pneumonia, which may precipitate a significant decline in patient outcome.
Researchers at Indiana University found that terminology and framing efforts had no effect on public opinion concerning the ongoing debate over legalizing same-sex marriage. Beliefs and values held sway, not rhetoric or word choice, according to the study.
A recent study found that narrowband UV-B treatment can increase serum levels of vitamin D in patients with psoriasis while clearing the condition. The study also showed significant improvements in psoriasis severity scores and dermatology-related quality of life.
Research by Elizabeth Sweeney examines how biomedical tests diagnose and define pain, leading to emotional suffering for patients with unexplained conditions. The study analyzes over 20 articles from the journal Pain®, highlighting challenges in diagnosing chronic pain.
A recent study by Michigan State University psychologist Jennifer Watling Neal found that the difference in peer group sizes between boys and girls disappears by the eighth grade. As children get older, their interactions with members of the opposite sex increase, leading to more similar-sized peer groups for both genders.
Recent climate change causes blue mussels to shrink their range from North Carolina to Delaware due to rising temperatures. As a result, populations north of the new limit experience higher mortality rates.
A team of researchers at the University of Washington has developed a method for rapid and cost-effective DNA sequencing using nanotechnology, paving the way for personalized medicine. The new technique has the potential to provide detailed genetic information for specific conditions and diseases.
A $1 million grant from the University of California, Riverside Extension will provide $30,000 professional development grants for teachers in Riverside, Orange, San Diego, and Imperial counties. The grants aim to support sustained professional development, which is increasingly difficult due to budget cuts by California school districts.
This article explores various geological phenomena, including the origin of rhyolites from South Mountain, Pennsylvania, growth faults in the Kaiparowits Basin, Utah, and extension of the Anaconda metamorphic core complex. The studies provide new information on volcanic magmas, tectonic deformation, and Earth's crust behavior.
Researchers discovered that microRNAs primarily disable mRNA templates to control protein production. This allows for easier study of gene targets through mRNA levels rather than protein levels.
Researchers at VCU Massey Cancer Center have discovered a new link between chronic inflammation and cancer, highlighting the importance of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in regulating inflammation. S1P is found to be a missing cofactor required for TRAF2's activity, which controls inflammation and cancer.
A study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that reminder systems encouraging prompt removal of urinary catheters reduced CAUTIs by 52%. The researchers suggest that low-cost interventions like nurse-empowered catheter stop orders could be effective in reducing infections. Hospitals can implement these strategies to improve...
A study by Indiana University researchers found that beliefs and values held sway over rhetoric in the debate about legalizing same-sex marriage. The findings suggest that framing efforts may have limited impact on public opinion, while emphasizing the importance of addressing key issues related to same-sex families.
A new study finds that young adolescents with delinquency problems are more likely to develop long-term crime, alcohol use disorders, and risky sex behaviors. Early intervention among disadvantaged youth may help prevent these outcomes.
A team of researchers has developed an approach to repairing spinal cord injuries using manipulated neural stem cells. In a mouse model, the cells were combined with valproic acid and resulted in impressive restoration of hind limb function. Further work is needed to determine if this approach can be used in human patients.
Regular beer consumption is linked to an increased risk of developing psoriasis. Non-light beer drinkers have a higher risk compared to those who don't drink beer or consume light beer.
A new study by Cornell University Ph.D. candidate Christin Munsch found that men who are economically dependent on their female partners are five times more likely to cheat than those who contribute equally. In contrast, women who rely financially on their male partners are less likely to engage in infidelity.
Neural stem cells can repair damaged spinal cords by promoting nerve cell generation, restoring hind limb function in mice. Vitamin D may help prevent allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis patients.
Research suggests SSRIs affect more than one cellular process, including phospholipid membranes and vesicle trafficking, in yeast cells. This discovery could lead to new therapies and explain why different people respond differently to the same medication.
Researchers have developed revolutionary ultrasonic transducers that can generate and detect ultrasound at scales a thousand times smaller than conventional ultrasonics. These tiny devices can be used to perform intracellular ultrasonics, produce high-frequency ultrasounds smaller than visible light wavelengths.
A large-scale randomized experiment found that online professional development for teachers resulted in improved instructional practices and content knowledge, with modest gains in student performance. The study involved over 330 teachers and 7,000 students across 13 states.
A new coating, combining carbon nanotubes with the natural enzyme lysostaphin, has been created to safely eradicate MRSA from surfaces. The coating is effective, selective and stable, and does not rely on antibiotics or leach chemicals into the environment.
Researchers found that EZH2 promotes tumor growth by shutting down genes that block formation of new blood vessels. Silencing EZH2 in ovarian cancer tumors reduced average tumor weight by 62% and increased programmed death of tumor cells.
A Springer journal article has won the prestigious George A. Miller Award for its innovative study on the impact of environmental factors on human behavior. The award recognizes outstanding recent articles on general psychology and highlights the importance of interdisciplinary research in understanding human behavior.
A UCSF-led team discovered a key reason why blood stem cells are prone to developing genetic mutations that can lead to adult leukemia. They found that quiescent blood stem cells use an error-prone DNA repair mechanism, which can result in chromosomal instability and contribute to hematopoietic abnormalities.
The NSF-funded program aims to develop engineering methods for stem cell production, focusing on scalable and standardized approaches. The initiative will support 30 new Ph.D. students over five years, with plans for international collaborations.
Research by Stanford University suggests that Internet access is crucial for finding mates, with 82.2% of participants having a partner if they have internet access compared to 62.8%. The study also found that the Internet is becoming increasingly important as a social intermediary for meeting partners.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have found that amphetamine abuse increases the risk of aortic dissection in young adults. The study, published in American Heart Journal, analyzed medical records from nearly 31 million people and found a threefold increase in odds of aortic dissection among those who abused amphetamines.
The study found that depleting SIK2 from ovarian cancers sensitized the cells to paclitaxel, making it more effective in stopping cancer growth. Levels of SIK2 protein are increased in approximately 30 percent of ovarian cancers and associated with poorer survival rates.
Researchers at Tufts University School of Medicine have discovered an RNA sequence that promotes increased numbers of specific microRNAs, which regulate cell growth and stress response. This finding provides new insights into the links between miRNA expression and disease, including heart disease and cancer.
A recent study published in Nature has found that certain genetic disturbances contribute to autism. The research revealed that Copy Number Variants (CNVs) are over-represented in individuals with autism. Furthermore, abnormalities in genes related to synapse development have been linked to the origin of autism.
Two studies identify key targets for a new MRSA vaccine, targeting protein A to evade the immune system and clotting factors to disrupt tissue-damaging mechanisms. This approach shows promise in reducing virulence and providing lasting immunity against drug-resistant staph infections.
Researchers at the University of Gothenburg have identified 12 genes linked to aggressive breast cancer, which could lead to more reliable prognoses and better treatment strategies. The study found that these genes are associated with an increased risk of tumor progression, cell growth, motility, and development.
Researchers found that white population shifted from central city to outer ring suburbs, but minority representation was relatively flat across suburban rings. The study suggests a radial pattern of minority movement out from the central city rather than filling in inner suburbs.
The Mount Sinai team has developed a way to visualize coronary artery plaques using multi-color computed tomography (CT), which will lead to better and earlier diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. By harnessing high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and injecting gold particles into mice, researchers were able to see the location of vulnerabl...
Research published at the University of Oregon found that 11 hours of integrative body-mind training (IBMT) meditation training induces structural changes in brain connectivity, particularly in the anterior cingulate cortex. This brain area is linked to self-regulation and behavior control.
A Henry Ford Hospital study found that the Donor Risk Index does not significantly impact liver transplant outcomes on a small scale. Hepatitis C was shown to remain a major contributor to poor graft survival in transplant patients. The study confirms this finding despite large-scale data suggesting otherwise, highlighting the importan...
Patients undergoing bariatric surgery showed significant reduction in diabetes medication use, with over 80% eliminating medications one year post-surgery. The study suggests that bariatric surgery may lead to improved glucose control and lower healthcare costs for obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
A new study finds that obesity rates have declined or stabilized among some adolescent groups, while increasing among others. The disparities in obesity trends by race and ethnicity highlight the need for tailored intervention programs and policies.
IBEX maps reveal structured and intense interstellar boundary interactions; the spacecraft also collects hydrogen and oxygen from the interstellar medium, shedding light on solar system recycling processes. Recent observations of the Earth's magnetosphere provide new insights into protecting our atmosphere.
The IBEX spacecraft has mapped interactions between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere, revealing a chaotic pileup of charged particles along the magnetopause. The study provides new insights into the tenuous nature of Earth's outer exosphere and its interaction with the solar wind.
Researchers at Tufts University develop nanoparticles to deliver therapeutic genes to the retina, delaying onset of eye disease and preserving vision. The treatment, using a gene for GDNF, shows temporary but significant protection against photoreceptor cell death.
Researchers have discovered a protein called Salt Inducible Kinase 2 (SIK2) that plays a key role in regulating cell division and may be an attractive target for treating ovarian cancer. Combination therapies targeting different phases of the cell cycle are highly desirable for optimal cancer treatment.
A Canadian study published in CMAJ found that home care after hip surgery in seniors significantly increases survival rates. The study of 11,326 patients aged 65 and older revealed that those who received home care were 43% less likely to die within three months of the procedure.