A new, all-optical system using terahertz wave technology can identify unique 'fingerprints' of hidden materials, enabling detection of explosives, chemical and biological agents, and illegal drugs from a distance. The technique uses laser-induced fluorescence to convey information about target materials.
Researchers at MIT's Picower Institute found that Sirtuin1 promotes memory and brain flexibility, with potential implications for treating neurodegenerative diseases. The study suggests a novel microRNA-based mechanism by which SIRT1 aids memory and synaptic plasticity.
Pfizer's pre-clinical study on recombinant factor Xa therapy and engineered recombinant factor VIIa molecule shows promising results in restoring hemostasis. The company is committed to advancing hemophilia care through its pipeline and research initiatives.
The MERMAID project developed automatic sensors and analyzers to sample, measure, and record chemical and biological changes in water, providing accurate early warnings of pollution. This technology has been adopted worldwide, including the use of FerryBoxes on ships and gliders in open sea areas.
Researchers found a significant link between African ancestry and pulmonary measurement in both men and women across all ages. Accounting for genetic ancestry improves prediction of normal lung function over a simple race-based classification, potentially leading to reclassification of severity in many lung diseases.
Researchers found that HPV vaccines are not covered by patent claims granted in India, leaving room for production of biosimilars offering protection against the two most common HPV strains. This could improve access to the HPV vaccine in low-income countries.
Children who are extremely obese have a 40 percent higher risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), while those who are moderately obese have a 30 percent higher risk. Researchers used electronic health records to conduct the study, which established an association between obesity and GERD in children.
Researchers at University of Warwick and University of Sheffield used metadynamics to simulate how a chicken eggshell protein binds to calcium carbonate particles, enabling efficient recycling and catalytic activity. The study provides new insights into controlling crystallization in nature.
A new DNA delivery method has been discovered by Virginia Tech chemical engineers, which enhances the delivery of genetic material into cells. The method uses hydrodynamic effects to uniformly deliver DNA over the entire cell surface, resulting in a greatly enhanced transfer of genetic material.
Dr. Yong Shi's innovative nano-generators convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, powering wireless devices and implantable biosensors. This technology has vast potential for various industries and research fields.
NASA's Aqua and TRMM satellites confirmed strong, high thunderstorms in Tropical Depression 2 after its center made landfall. The storms had cloud tops as cold as -63F, indicating heavy rainfall.
Researchers at UC Davis have found a distinctive pattern of brain imaging and biomarker deviations that may indicate an early warning sign of Alzheimer's disease. The study, published in Neurobiology of Aging, analyzed data from over 800 older adults and identified three subgroups with distinct imaging and laboratory measures.
Multimedia talking touchscreens are helping researchers and clinicians improve communication, knowledge, and adherence to treatment for patients with diverse language skills. The technology provides a more private and accessible way for patients to complete questionnaires and access health information.
A study finds that universal HIV testing and immediate treatment could reduce new HIV infections by 15 percent, but would not halt the epidemic. The test-and-treat strategy could extend life expectancy of HIV-infected patients by one to two years.
The study found that Medicare-certified hospice stays in nursing homes have doubled in the last 10 years, with average treatment times increasing from 46 to 93 days. The researchers attribute this growth to increased Medicare services and reimbursement policies that incentivize longer stays.
A new virus has been identified as a potential cause of Heart and Skeletal Muscle Inflammation (HSMI) in farmed Atlantic salmon, threatening both farmed and wild populations. The study found the virus, related to reoviruses, in 24.2% of wild salmon samples and 96.5% of infected farmed fish.
A Spanish Foundation for Science and Technology study found that executives with higher negative emotional traits took fewer risks, while those with higher educational levels took more. The researchers analyzed data from 70 banks and 46 savings banks, discovering a significant connection between the CEO's emotional traits and firm risk.
Researchers designed a floating barrier with two rows of pilings to protect levees from wave action, dissipating 75% of wave energy. The design was more effective and cost-efficient than previous methods.
A recent study found that ultra-low-molecular-weight heparin semuloparin reduces the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and all-cause death by 25% in orthopedic surgery patients compared to enoxaparin.
Researchers at University of Miami use computer algorithms to design live vaccines, which are then synthesized to specification. This approach allows for a wide margin of safety against potential mutations, enabling the creation of safe and effective vaccines against various types of viruses.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Volvox carteri, a multicellular alga that captures light energy through photosynthesis. The study reveals surprising similarities and differences between the Volvox and Chlamydomonas genomes, shedding light on the evolution of multicellularity in these algae.
A new study finds that climate change mitigation will not quickly return the hydrological cycle to its previous state. In contrast, data on tropical cyclone activity disagree, with some datasets showing an increase in storms and others not.
Researchers at VIB's Jean Jeener Bio-NMR Center discovered how bacterial proteins regulate stress response via dynamic allostery, a previously theoretical concept. This breakthrough uses NMR technology to visualize protein folding and conformational changes.
Researchers at Delft University of Technology have developed a novel technique to fabricate graphene nanopores that can detect individual DNA molecules as they pass through. This technology has the potential to significantly impact DNA sequencing by reading off the sequence base by base in real-time.
The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) will present technical achievement awards to recognize outstanding contributions in aerospace power systems and energy efficiency. Edward M. Gaddy and Essam Khalil are among the recipients, honored for their work on space photovoltaics and energy-efficient combustors.
A study by MU researchers found that top citizen websites and bloggers lack staff and financial resources to provide adequate coverage. The team's findings highlight the need for effective journalistic presence in democracy, as many newspapers and broadcast outlets struggle financially.
Researchers identify pheromone blend that prevents termites from becoming queens, balancing colony population. The discovery reveals crucial role of chemical compounds in regulating termite castes, advancing understanding of insect social behavior and colony management.
A global collaboration found that Volvox and Chlamydomonas algae share a common list of protein parts, suggesting limited innovation in the transition to multicellularity. Key discoveries include increased ECM proteins, cyclin D proteins, and novel gene functions.
Researchers found significant changes in oceanic circulation that followed glacial retreat, moderating climate change. The study provides insights into major climate swings and helps understand what drives glacial and interglacial cycles.
The maglev haptic interface, developed at Carnegie Mellon since 1997, provides highly realistic feedback for users to perceive textures and feel hard contacts. It has applications in controlling remote robots and simulation technologies for dental training and biopsy needle insertion.
A study found that pianists' ability to sight-read music is linked to their working memory capacity, not just practice time. Working memory plays a crucial role in musicians' performance, with even significant amounts of practice unable to compensate for poor cognitive abilities.
Researchers created FucM mouse mutants to investigate the role of the fucose mutarotase enzyme in sexual preference. The study found that female mice with the gene knockout displayed drastically reduced sexual receptivity and altered brain development, leading to masculine-like behavior.
Researchers found that home care equivalent to hospital care for patients with cystic fibrosis does not compromise lung function recovery, with optimal duration of therapy ranging from 7-10 days. Longer treatment courses do not offer additional benefits.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital found a gene that regulates transcriptional elongation, enabling the body to rapidly produce mature red blood cells. This discovery may have implications for treating severe anemia and leukemia by understanding how the body can quickly switch on production of red cells.
The President of India will inaugurate the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) 2010 in Hyderabad, awarding Fields Medal and other prestigious prizes. The ICM is a periodic event bringing together 3000 mathematicians from around the world, marking a significant recognition of India's growing role in mathematics.
Researchers found that synchronized male flashing is more recognizable to females, suggesting a physiological problem in the females' information processing. This phenomenon helps maintain the fidelity of the signal in crowded areas with many unrecognizable flashes.
Researchers at Rice University discovered that strong magnetic fields can transform highly conductive carbon nanotubes into semiconductors. By applying a magnetic field, a band gap opens up and the material becomes an insulator.
Researchers identified a previously unknown genetic location on chromosome 2p causing familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a common cause of kidney failure worldwide. The discovery may provide clues to disease mechanisms and lead to identification of specific and less toxic therapies.
Researchers have found two human antibodies, VRC01 and VRC02, that can neutralize over 90% of known HIV strains. These antibodies could be used to design improved HIV vaccines or developed as a therapy for HIV infection. The discovery was made using a novel molecular device that targets specific cells making antibodies against HIV.
A new study from Queen's University has found that the growth of malignant melanoma can be slowed when MicroRNA 193b is added. Increased levels of miR-193b led to lower levels of cyclin D1 and decreased melanoma cell growth.
A large multicentre study found that early antiviral treatment reduced hospitalization and intensive care admissions among transplant recipients with H1N1. Vaccination and preventive measures may also provide protection for this high-risk population.
Researchers found that men with a baseline PSA of less than 4 had a very low risk of death from prostate cancer, while those with scores of 10 or higher were 11 times more likely to die. The study suggests routine screening among healthy men with normal life expectancy can help identify high-risk patients and save lives.
Women with severe angina are three times more likely to develop severe coronary artery disease than men. The study found that even younger women face a higher risk of developing CAD than men in the same age group. Diabetes and high blood pressure also play a significant role in increasing the risk, particularly among young women.
A new teaching model using real data and relevant videos engages high school students in conservation biology research, improving understanding of ecological concepts. Students develop a better grasp of normal ecological processes and how human actions affect the natural world.
Researchers documented a wild cat species imitating the call of its intended victim, a small monkey known as a pied tamarin, to draw it within striking range. The behavior was confirmed through observations in the Amazonian forests of Brazil, providing insights into the psychological cunning of wild felids.
Researchers used functional MRI to measure tumor activity during chemoembolization, finding that changes in ADC values can predict anatomical tumor response. Early knowledge of HCC response is crucial for determining treatment success and patient prognosis.
Researchers discover two new species of pancake batfishes, Halieutichthys intermedius and H. bispinosus, and re-describe another, H. aculeatus, in waters affected by the recent oil spill. The discovery highlights the potential loss of undocumented biodiversity.
A new study found that an enriched environment can reduce cancer growth in mice by activating a nervous system pathway that decreases leptin levels, a hormone linked to appetite and cancer growth. The effect was observed in models of melanoma and colon cancer, with tumors reduced by up to 80% after three weeks of enrichment.
Researchers have successfully induced epigenetic reprogramming in human and mouse breast cancer cells, making them more susceptible to tamoxifen treatment. This targeted epigenetic therapy has shown promising results in reversing the growth and invasive properties of triple-negative breast cancer cells.
New research from the University of New Hampshire found that rural areas with high unemployment rates are less likely to support environmental regulations. In contrast, areas with population growth and amenity-driven changes are more likely to favor conservation efforts. The study also reveals classic patterns in views on conservation,...
The North Pacific branch of the conveyor belt circulation changed drastically around 17,000 years ago, potentially buffering the global impacts of the collapsed Atlantic circulation. This reorganization may have contributed to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and accelerated glacial meltdown.
Researchers have found a potential link between autoimmune disease scleroderma and cancer in certain patients. The study suggests that patients with specific immune markers are more likely to develop both conditions simultaneously.
Researchers and graduate students from low-income countries can apply for conference bursaries to attend the Parasite to Prevention conference in Edinburgh, UK. The bursaries cover travel, accommodation, and conference registration costs.
A new diagnostic standard based on serology alone could eliminate the need for intestinal biopsy in diagnosing celiac disease. The study finds that combinations of two serology tests can accurately diagnose or rule out the disorder in over 92% of individuals.
A recent study has identified luteolin as the most effective inhibitor of TBK1, an enzyme that activates biochemical signals leading to inflammation. Luteolin is found in various plant-based foods and has already been recognized for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine identified a new way diseases develop through understanding how cells control gene expression. They found that protein DPF3b plays a critical role in the transcription process for muscle growth and heart development.
Researchers have discovered a dramatic increase in an enzyme called O-GlcNAcase in the red blood cells of people with diabetes and prediabetes. This enzyme may be used as a diagnostic tool to detect prediabetes at its earliest stages, allowing for potential early intervention.
A Cornell University PhD candidate has won the top prize in the 2010 CIMIT Prize in Primary Healthcare competition for his project on DNA nanobarcodes. His technology offers a one-step quick point-of-care test for diagnosing pathogens responsible for pharyngitis, allowing timely and accurate triage of sore throats.
Researchers document a novel form of adaptation through natural selection in bacteria-infected flies, which use co-opted genetic material to develop a defense against nematodes. The study reveals the rapid spread of beneficial bacteria across North America, increasing frequency from 10% to 80% in just two decades.
The study found significant variation in root systems among various corn genotypes, with regions in the maize genome responsible for inheritance. The team developed innovative technology to analyze root complexity using fractal dimensions and statistical software, allowing them to correlate differences with genetic makeup.