A study led by Boston University School of Public Health researcher Yesim Tozan found that giving emergency artesunate suppositories to children with suspected severe malaria before referral improves management and is cost-effective. The intervention could avert 37 child deaths and 967 disability-adjusted life-years over five years.
A modelling study shows that rectal artesunate can avert 967 DALYs at a cost of $77 per DALY averted, making it a critical stop-gap for treating severe childhood malaria in areas with poor access to healthcare. The intervention has the potential to improve management of sick children at the household and community level.
A new study published in Psychological Science found that making people believe their efforts will be successful motivates them to take action against racism. Participants who felt they could make a difference took more actions and had more positive attitudes towards African Americans.
A new technique predicts fire spread using sensor data, giving firefighters minutes of warning to contain blazes. This technology could save lives and minimize damage by providing realistic forecasts of fire dynamics.
Breast cancers that arise sporadically likely start with defects of DNA repair mechanisms, allowing environmentally triggered mutations to accumulate. This deficiency could set the stage for cancer development, increasing risk with age as DNA damage accumulates.
A study has revealed a relationship between blood cells and their stem cell 'parents', influencing gene expression and behavior. The discovery opens up new research avenues into diseases caused by stem cell disorders.
A Yale University study found that the risk of dying from a heat wave is highest when they occur early in the summer and are hotter and longer than usual. The average daily risk of non-accidental death increased by an average of 3.74 percent during heat waves.
A chemist at UC Riverside is using advanced spectroscopy methods to verify the presence of pomegranate compounds in juices sold as pomegranate juice. By analyzing unique biochemicals, she aims to detect adulterated products and potentially apply this technology to other food and beverage items.
A major report by The Lancet Commission calls for radical reforms in medical education to equip healthcare professionals with the skills needed to address 21st century challenges. Key findings include the need for competency-based curricula, interprofessional education, and the promotion of a new professionalism.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis have developed a new metal complex that can convert methane into ethane, a crucial step towards building longer-chain hydrocarbons as alternative energy sources. This breakthrough could pave the way for a cleaner and more sustainable method of producing fuels from greenhouse gases.
Declining sperm counts and testosterone levels are contributing to reduced fertility rates worldwide. At least one in five young men in Europe have subfertile semen quality, while testicular cancer and developmental abnormalities also rise. Poor sperm quality is linked to poorer IVF success rates.
A Duke University study identifies new monitoring protocols to accurately measure and predict ecological impacts of coal ash contaminants. The research found that arsenic levels remained high in pore water long after surface waters dropped below safe thresholds, posing significant risks to aquatic life.
Researchers from North Carolina State University and IBM have invented a tool called Nuwa, which protects virtual machines from cyber-attacks by ensuring they receive important security upgrades. The offline patching method is more than four times faster than online patch application.
A new framework for rendering subsurface scattering on surfaces represented by points is introduced, providing a significant improvement in transparency and realism for translucent materials. The method uses two additional computation passes to simulate the light diffusion phenomenon inside multilayered materials.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed a method to create gold nanoparticles using cinnamon, replacing toxic chemicals and reducing environmental impact. The process utilizes no electricity and toxic agents, making it a more sustainable approach for healthcare products and pharmaceuticals.
A new study shows that women who publicly challenge sexist behavior experience psychological benefits, including increased self-esteem and empowerment. Researchers found that communal-oriented individuals are more likely to confront prejudice.
US women who stopped hormone therapy showed significant declines in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer. The study of over 2 million mammogram screenings found a direct link between reduced hormone therapy and decreased breast cancer incidence.
Scientists discovered that rainforest collapse triggered an evolutionary burst among reptiles, leading to increased diversity and adaptation. The event, which occurred 300 million years ago, isolated populations of reptiles and allowed them to evolve in separate directions.
A recent study has found that media coverage on HIV/AIDS in developed countries has decreased by over 70% since the 1990s. Meanwhile, attention to climate change has increased significantly, potentially diverting resources away from addressing socioeconomic issues like malaria and poverty.
A study of 20 individuals returning to society after prison found that avoidance and problem-focused coping strategies were frequently used but often ineffective in managing barriers. Healthy coping mechanisms, such as emotion-focused strategies, were infrequently employed, contributing to recidivism.
Researchers have discovered a new treatment option for dialysis-related anemia using FG-2216, which increases erythropoietin (EPO) production in both healthy individuals and patients with end-stage renal disease. The study's findings suggest that the kidneys of dialysis patients retain significant EPO production capacity.
Researchers found plasma cells regulate immune response by negatively impacting follicular helper T cells. The discovery has implications for vaccine administration and autoimmunity.
Researchers found distinct genetic patterns in eastern and western jack pine populations, suggesting an isolated coastal refugium along the Atlantic coast during the Last Glacial Maximum. This discovery sheds light on how glaciers impacted present-day pine genetics and potentially influenced the distribution of other boreal species.
Researchers found extremely high levels of oxidized mercury above the Dead Sea, a phenomenon previously only observed in polar regions. The findings suggest that bromine in the atmosphere plays a key role in initiating mercury oxidation.
A new parametrical mapping method is proposed to shape optimize curved slots on 3D surfaces, reducing stress concentration and improving structural performance. The approach successfully applies to the squirrel-cage elastic support design, achieving valid designs with reduced fatigue risk.
Researchers found that oxytocin enhances positive attachment memories and boosts recall of mothers' care, but can also intensify negative memories. The study suggests oxytocin plays a key role in human attachment by modulating early childhood memories.
The University of Missouri has received three new Plant Genome Research Program awards from the National Science Foundation, totaling $2.4 million over five years. The grants will support projects studying cellular function in plants, developing drought-tolerant canola, and understanding chromosome centromeres in maize.
Researchers found that marsupial embryos develop forelimbs earlier than expected, using a unique genetic program. This breakthrough suggests that developmental processes may be more flexible than previously thought, allowing for adaptability in marsupials.
Researchers found that women call their fathers less frequently and hang up sooner during high-fertility days, possibly to avoid male control. They also spent more time on phone calls with mothers, suggesting an unconscious drive for reproductive success.
A recent study found that prescription rates for controlled medications nearly doubled among young adults and adolescents over the past 14 years. This increase was observed across multiple settings and demographics. Researchers attribute the trend to evolving pain management policies and increased awareness of mental health issues.
A new study reports a significant increase in CT scans performed in emergency departments, with the percentage of ED visits involving CT imaging rising from 2.8% to 13.9% between 1995 and 2007. The study found a remarkable growth rate of 16% per year, driven by increased awareness of cost and radiation concerns.
Researchers have identified DNA variants in two nervous system genes associated with an excessively high BMI, providing new insights into the genetics of obesity. The study used a novel approach to link rare and common regulatory variants to extreme obesity.
Researchers at the University of Oregon found that a person's ability to store more items in their short-term memory is linked to higher fluid intelligence as measured by IQ tests. In contrast, the clarity or resolution of those memories shows no relationship with fluid intelligence.
Research suggests that most women with small HER2-positive breast cancers could benefit from trastuzumab treatment due to the favorable prognosis and low risk of recurrence. The authors recommend discussing the benefits and risks of adjuvant trastuzumab with patients.
A University of Michigan School of Public Health study found that people exposed to higher levels of triclosan were more likely to report allergies and hay fever. Additionally, BPA exposure was associated with impaired immune function in adults, but only for those over 18 years old.
Health care costs in Canada are expected to increase due to rising expenditures. Governments have options to deal with this, including increasing revenue through taxes or social insurance.
A study presented at the Radiological Society of North America annual meeting found that diagnosis uncertainty can be as stressful as knowing a serious illness, with breast biopsy patients reporting significantly higher anxiety levels. Healthcare providers can alleviate patient stress by improving communication and shaping expectations.
A decade-long decline in the nation's energy supply quality may be the root cause of the current economic recession. The Energy Intensity Ratio (EIR) measures how much profit consumers get from their energy, and its decline is correlated with economic downturns.
A new tool has been developed to measure the quality of patient care for people with brain disorders, including Parkinson's disease. The tool evaluates non-motor symptoms, diagnosis and treatment, safety, and more, providing a comprehensive assessment of care.
A study suggests that women with a personal history of breast cancer should consider annual MRI screening to detect cancers earlier. The research found higher cancer yields and lower false-positive rates in this group, supporting the consideration of MRI as an adjunct to mammography.
A new generator has been developed to produce synthetic breath for evidential breath analyzers, reducing measurement uncertainty in alcohol concentration. The device can also be used to calibrate other sensors with different components.
The John Theurer Cancer Center will unveil 40 cutting-edge studies at the 52nd ASH Annual Meeting, featuring research on lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and blood disorders. Six investigators were first authors of 13 studies, solidifying their leadership role in cancer treatment.
During economic recessions, anxiety affects job satisfaction and engagement, leading to negative impacts on companies. A model has been formulated to help managers identify and address employee anxiety, implementing actions that improve job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
The William T. Pecora Award recognizes Prof. Marvin Bauer's outstanding contributions to remote sensing education, science, and applications. The award highlights his research in agriculture, forestry, and lake water quality monitoring.
The American Academy of Neurology has developed a new quality measures tool to help doctors gauge how well they are caring for people with Parkinson's disease, focusing on non-motor symptoms such as depression and falls. The measures aim to improve the quality of care for individuals with neurologic disorders like Parkinson's disease.
In a study, rats weigh their odds of safely retrieving food pellets near a predator to make instinctive safety decisions. Rats with impaired amygdala activity were more cautious and risk-averse when faced with danger, while those with overactive amygdala showed greater fear and avoidance behaviors.
BMO's $4M investment in Perimeter Institute establishes the BMO Financial Group Isaac Newton Chair in Theoretical Physics, supporting groundbreaking research. The partnership aims to attract top theoretical physicists and drive innovation in Canada.
A Cardiff University study reveals that living in a deprived area increases the risk of violence more sharply for girls than boys. The researchers found that assault injury rates were uniformly higher in the most deprived areas, and that the risk to girls was three times more sensitive to material deprivation.
A study found that light exercise can delay the onset of osteoarthritis by protecting healthy knee cartilage. Engaging in low-impact activities like walking or swimming may be beneficial in maintaining healthy joints.
Researchers found that women with migraine with aura are twice as likely to have no significant disability from stroke. This association may be due to smaller vessel mechanisms leading to mild strokes. The study's results offer reassuring news for migraine sufferers, suggesting a lower risk of severe outcomes.
Scientists develop a new DNA technique to screen for natural resistance in crops affected by the honey fungus, a devastating disease of trees and shrubs. The technique allows for easy identification, measurement, and study of the fungus in a lab setting.
Researchers developed a color-changing patch to indicate blast exposure and potential brain injury risk. The badges use nanoscale structures that change color with intensity of exposure.
In mouse models, overexpression of microRNA 125b (miR-125b) causes leukemia and accelerates its progression. The study found that miR-125b is a major cancer-causing microRNA, leading to different types of leukemia.
A recent study followed 44 ultra-marathon runners for two months to investigate the physical effects of long-distance running. The research found that runners experienced significant muscle loss in their legs, as well as substantial fat reduction, particularly in visceral fat, which is linked to cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at Centre for Addiction and Mental Health have developed a protein peptide that disrupts coupling between dopamine receptors, potentially treating depression. The peptide showed marked improvement in depression-related behaviors in animal models, comparable to traditional anti-depressant medications.
UC Davis engineers have developed a universal microfluidics connector to bridge biological tests with electronic devices, enabling compact medical diagnostic tools. The 'fit-to-flow' interface could enable cell phones to function as mini microscopes.
A randomized clinical trial found that celecoxib reduced the incidence of new nonmelanoma skin cancers but not precancerous lesions in patients with actinic keratosis. The study suggests that cyclooxygenase inhibitors may provide an additional benefit to sunscreens in preventing these cancers.
Scientists have demystified glasses by analyzing the behavior of a metallic alloy as it cools down. The findings suggest that glassy states can be unfrozen and refrozen by changing temperature, contradicting previous theories on strong and fragile liquids.
Researchers found increased vascular reactivity and decreased endothelial function in women with broken heart syndrome compared to postmenopausal women and those who had regular heart attacks. This unique risk factor highlights the importance of mental stress in ABS syndrome, which may lead to the development of specific therapies.
Researchers at Avila Therapeutics have developed the first-ever covalent irreversible inhibitors of a viral protease, achieving high selectivity and potency. The newly designed compounds irreversibly bind to molecular domains specific to proteases, offering a promising therapeutic approach for hepatitis C infection.