A new study of student reactions to campus shootings found that online activities neither helped nor harmed long-term psychological health. Students reported feeling better after participating in online memorials and communications, but these effects did not translate into long-term change.
Princeton computer scientists developed a new search technique analyzing language patterns to determine influential documents. The algorithm recognizes individual paper contributions and found papers with strong influence on language without high citation counts.
Researchers at IRIC discovered a protein complex, EJC, that controls the production of MAPK protein, which acts directly on cells. Targeting this complex could prevent abnormal signal transmission that triggers several cancers.
Researchers at Concordia University have discovered how the brain chemical dopamine regulates daily sleeping and eating patterns by altering PER2 protein activity. The study, published in Journal of Neuroscience, may have implications for individuals with Parkinson's disease who experience disrupted 24-hour rhythms.
Mount Sinai researchers discovered a hormone receptor linked to several malignant tumor types, suggesting a new diagnostic or therapeutic target. The receptor's presence may be used to improve cancer detection and develop imaging agents that can visualize early tumors.
Researchers found that the Reaper protein triggers apoptosis by interfering with inhibitor of apoptosis proteins and delivering its death sentence to the mitochondria. By targeting the protein to the mitochondrial membrane, it can be made more effective at killing cells, providing a potential new approach for cancer treatments.
Researchers will analyze climate change and human-driven changes in hydrology's effects on agricultural production and land use in Asia. The study aims to estimate how climate change affects downstream water resources and food production.
Cost-cutting advances in metallocene catalysts have led to production of stronger, more durable polyethylene plastics. These upgraded plastics are used in a range of consumer products, including garbage bags and camping cookware.
Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute found that 50 percent of young girls with Stage 1 germ cell ovarian tumors can be spared chemotherapy using a 'watch and wait' strategy. The treatment approach was effective in delaying recurrence and maintaining a survival rate of 96%.
A new study reveals that malaria deaths in India are 13 times higher than currently estimated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The research suggests that approximately 205,000 malaria deaths occur annually in India before age 70, with a cumulative probability of death from malaria at 1.8% for individuals under 70 years old.
The authors highlight the importance of mental health care providers in addressing eating and weight-related problems in young people. Family-based behavioral interventions are considered the first-line treatment for pediatric overweight, promoting small changes in dietary and physical activity behaviors.
A new study found that estrogen replacement therapy significantly speeds up ovarian cancer growth and increases the likelihood of cancer metastasizing to the lymph nodes. Researchers discovered estrogen-regulated genes specific to ER+ ovarian cancer that can be targeted with new anti-estrogen therapies.
Mitochondria power stations are crucial for complex cell evolution and innovation, enabling eukaryotes to accumulate more genes than bacteria. The tiny mitochondrial genome is essential for cell respiration, allowing cells to support a vast number of genes and proteins.
Researchers at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center found that TAp63, a tumor-suppressing protein, blocks cancer spread by activating Dicer and miR-130b. This discovery has far-reaching implications for understanding cancer development and metastasis.
Research by the University of Missouri School of Health Professions reveals that women's environments and support systems significantly impact their quality of life after chemotherapy. Those with limited social support, including therapy, report lower quality of life and higher depression rates.
Researchers found that individuals with autism were more likely to believe in the vanishing ball trick illusion, despite having trouble interpreting social cues. The study suggests that people with autism may have difficulties allocating attention to the right place at the right time, which could impact their performance in social situ...
The TEEB report underscores the importance of incorporating nature's value into decision-making, with potential benefits for poverty reduction and business growth. The report also notes significant business and social risks from failing to account for natural capital.
Sea levels around Falkland Islands rose by 0.75mm/year between 1842 and early 1980s, but accelerated to 2.5mm/year since 1992, consistent with global warming observations
Typhoon Megi is intensifying in the South China Sea due to high clouds filled with ice creating heavy rainfall. The storm's maximum sustained winds reached 110 knots (126 mph) near Hong Kong, China.
UK scientists at NPL create standards for measuring electric materials on the nanoscale, allowing for more accurate devices and a better understanding of nanotechnology's role in electric materials. This breakthrough enables comparisons to be made and promotes the development of new nano-structured ferroelectric materials.
Researchers found that cataract surgery significantly reduces the frequency of all car crashes, with a 12.6% decrease in crash rates after accounting for other factors. The study also found cost savings of AUD $4.3 million, with each operation saving approximately $150 in crash costs.
A randomized trial of over 2,000 women found that DHA supplementation during pregnancy did not reduce postpartum depression in mothers or improve cognitive and language development in their offspring. The study suggests that current recommendations to increase DHA intake during pregnancy may not be supported by evidence.
Researchers discovered a novel regulatory process in T cells that may help explain autoimmunity and immune deficiency diseases. The study found that disrupting this process leads to rapid T cell proliferation and death, compromising the immune system's defensive functions.
A novel approach to treating cardiovascular disease is being explored through recycling pacemakers, with experts finding the process safe and effective. The study aims to reduce the financial burden of pacemakers on impoverished nations, where access to these devices is limited.
A new study by University at Buffalo gastroenterologists reveals that men with prostate cancer are more likely to have precancerous colon polyps, including abnormal adenomas and advanced adenomas. The research suggests these patients should prioritize routine colonoscopies to prevent colorectal cancer.
Ohio State University researchers conducted experiments to test commercially available Li-ion batteries thousands of times, finding irreversible changes at the nanoscale that lead to battery loss of charge. The study suggests that coarsening of electrode materials may be responsible for this loss.
A recent study published in JAMA rejected the benefits of fish oil capsules during pregnancy, contradicting international recommendations. Researchers found no significant difference in post-natal depression or neuro developmental outcomes between women taking fish oil and those taking vegetable oil capsules.
Researchers found humans can engage in higher levels of recursive reasoning, making decisions based on anticipated opponent moves. The study used a game called the "3-2-1-4 Game" and showed participants could easily move beyond first-level thinking to more complex strategies.
A study co-authored by York University professor Joel Lexchin found that exposure to pharmaceutical companies' promotional information leads to lower prescribing quality, more frequent prescribing, and higher costs. The research suggests that doctors are not immune to drug marketing.
Researchers developed a novel 'brush optrode' that threads fibers through hair to improve functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signal levels 3-5 fold. The device increases scalp contact, enhances brain imaging, and is more comfortable for patients compared to conventional fiber ends.
A study on single-molecule magnets may lead to breakthroughs in molecular spintronics, a field combining electronics with spin manipulation. Researchers have better understood the inner level structure of these tiny magnets, which could enable practical applications for quantum computation and information storage.
A new study suggests that excessive alcohol use in adolescents can selectively damage the frontal lobe, leading to problems with attention and executive functioning. Abstinence from alcohol may help recover lost function in brain cells.
Researchers developed a simple sensor to detect triacetone triperoxide (TATP), a high-powered explosive used in shoe bombs. The colorimetric sensor array can quantify TATP vapor at very low levels, making it suitable for luggage and passenger screening at airports.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have created intricate, curving 3-D nanostructures from carbon nanotubes using capillary action forces. These shapes can harness the exceptional mechanical, thermal, electrical, and chemical properties of carbon nanotubes in a scalable fashion.
A team-based training program incorporating aviation crew practices significantly reduced surgical mortality rates in hospitals participating in the program. The study found a 50% greater decrease in annual surgical mortality rate among trained facilities compared to non-trained facilities.
Physicists at Georgia Tech have developed a critical component of a quantum repeater, allowing for secure encryption key transmission over longer distances. The new technology enables the relay of entangled particles over 1,000 kilometers, significantly improving the security of quantum cryptography.
A new study finds that American friends are more likely to share intimate details of their lives with each other compared to Japanese friends. This disparity may be attributed to the different social systems in the two countries, particularly the utility of investing in relationships through self-disclosure.
Researchers found that parasites can adjust their survival strategy in response to the host's immune system, leading to faster growth rates and increased reproduction. This insight may help inform the design of future vaccines against parasitic diseases such as elephantiasis and river blindness.
Fibroblasts, a type of connective tissue cell, have been found to be metabolically active during quiescence, producing proteins that help replenish other cells. This discovery could lead to new strategies for attacking tumors and improving overall health.
A new study finds that SHIP and PTEN proteins act cooperatively to suppress B cell lymphoma. The research could lead to the development of new anti-lymphoma drugs targeting PI3K signaling.
Millions in China's Guizhou province suffer from fluorosis due to air pollution from burned coal, leading to dental problems and joint pain. The Chinese government has implemented programs to improve ventilation in homes and reduce particulate matter.
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University's MILLEE Project developed two educational mobile phone games that helped Chinese children increase their knowledge of Chinese characters. The cooperative learning encouraged by the games contributed to character learning.
Scientists have created tiny energy storage devices, no bigger than a grain of sand, with the potential to power micro- and nano-scale devices. The new batteries are part of a larger effort to miniaturize lithium-ion technology, which could lead to breakthroughs in fields like medicine and electronics.
Researchers are exploring the potential link between vitamin D intake and a protein that may help prevent Barrett's esophagus from turning into cancer. Patients with Barrett's esophagus will take vitamin D weekly for four months to measure its effects on esophageal cancer risk.
Virginia Tech engineers have received funding to investigate ways to reduce emissions from vehicles and improve fuel economy. They aim to develop thermoelectric materials that can convert waste heat into electricity, increasing gas mileage and reducing pollution.
A University of Washington biologist has built 120 'condominiums' for Galapagos penguins in a bid to boost their dwindling numbers. The new nests, designed to provide shaded breeding grounds, were completed ahead of La Niña conditions that bring plentiful food to the penguins.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine propose a new theory that links depression to chronic brain inflammation. According to this theory, depression is an adaptive response to stress and trauma, which can lead to neural remodeling and malfunctions.
A study published in The Lancet Oncology found that some CML patients can survive up to 2 years without relapse after stopping imatinib treatment, suggesting a potential cure with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. The study suggests that indefinite treatment may not be necessary and that imatinib can be safely discontinued in some cases.
Research reveals that fetal alcohol exposure is associated with difficulties in memory and information processing, as well as visual perception and attention control. This finding may aid in the development of new therapies and treatments for children affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) or fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
The NHLBI has launched a six-year, $21 million study to investigate the effectiveness of body cooling treatment in infants and children who have had cardiac arrest. The Therapeutic Hypothermia after Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (THAPCA) trials aim to reduce brain injury and improve survival rates.
Researchers found that video game training improves employee knowledge by 11%, skill-based knowledge by 14% and retention rate by 9%. Games work best when engaging users and provide flexible access.
Research published in Heart found that men with low testosterone levels were more likely to die prematurely from heart disease and all causes. The study of 930 men with coronary artery heart disease showed that those with low testosterone had nearly twice the risk of death compared to those with normal levels.
A study in Organization Science found that analysts discount African American managers' qualifications if they graduated from prestigious universities, while accepting the same qualifications for white managers. The effect is significant even when controlling for financial performance and accomplishments.
A new study found that gene activity patterns in the brain differ significantly among individuals with varying genetic backgrounds. The study, published in PNAS, mapped gene expression across 49 genes in seven genetically distinct mouse groups, revealing localized differences in gene activity.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that infusing leptin into the brain of mice with type 1 diabetes reversed lethal consequences and improved metabolism. The study suggests a novel role for the brain in mediating beneficial actions of leptin, potentially leading to new therapies for individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Research found significant associations between air pollution and COPD incidence, with stronger effects in men, obese patients, and those with pre-existing diabetes and asthma. Long-term exposure may be a true risk factor for developing severe COPD.
Biologists at Tufts University have discovered that changes in membrane voltage in newly identified 'instructor cells' can cause stem cells' descendants to trigger melanoma-like growth in pigment cells. The researchers found that this metastatic transformation is due to changes in serotonin transport.
Researchers at the University of Missouri are using X-ray diffraction to study a unique enzyme found in the 'kissing bug' parasite and Aspergillus fumigatus fungus. The goal is to develop drugs that can inhibit the enzyme's activity, which could lead to breakthroughs in treating pulmonary diseases and Chagas disease.
A study published in the JAMA Network found that hormone therapy use by postmenopausal women is associated with an increased incidence of invasive breast cancers, particularly those with positive lymph nodes. The study also showed a higher risk of deaths attributable to breast cancer among women who received combined hormone therapy.
Researchers found that old logging practices led to unprecedented soil erosion in southern Oregon's Siskiyou Mountains, which remains a threat despite improved practices. The study analyzed charcoal, pollen, and sediment cores to understand the impacts of fires over the last 2,000 years.