A Purdue University biochemist is creating maps of all the potential routes for cancer cell formation, which could lead to more effective cancer drugs. By identifying kinases and their direct protein targets, researchers can tailor kinase-inhibiting drugs to block multiple pathways and make them more effective.
The Rio+20 conference needs to rethink innovation to ensure a sustainable development goals achieve poverty reduction and environmental sustainability. Leading scientists propose radical changes, including recognizing grassroots initiatives and promoting transparent corporate reporting.
A large-scale study analyzing 190,000 patients found that bypass surgery resulted in a lower death rate compared to coronary angioplasty. The study's lead investigator notes that while bypass surgery is not the best option for every patient, it can now be recommended with more confidence.
Researchers at Rice University created starfruit-shaped gold nanorods that can enhance surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, allowing for more sensitive detection of organic molecules. The particles return signals 25 times stronger than similar nanorods with smooth surfaces.
The partnership aims to help students master mathematics through real-world applications and connections between math and science. The SpaceMath@NASA program uses NASA's latest discoveries to develop grade-appropriate math problems for grades 3-12.
Research shows that Tsimane men have lower baseline testosterone levels compared to US men, but exhibit similar short-term spikes in response to competition. This finding suggests a unique adaptation to their environment, where parasites and pathogens are more prevalent.
Researchers argue that incentives can encourage participants to engage in healthy behaviors when properly designed and evidence-based. The authors propose that Research Ethics Committees require an evidence-based rationale for predicting incentive effectiveness.
A new study published in JoVE demonstrates a method for using eye-tracking technology to study young children with autism. The research aims to answer questions about how children with developmental abnormalities view the world, including their perception of faces.
A study by neuroscientists at the University at Buffalo proposes that ingesting placenta components may provide benefits to human mothers and potentially to non-human mammals. The research highlights the importance of further studying placentophagia, a practice observed in many non-human mammalian species.
Researchers found that humans can only monitor up to three strategies while making decisions, and creativity is favored over reliable options. The frontal lobe plays a crucial role in this process, with individual differences in performance linked to variations in creative ability.
Lake Christina's transformation from clear waters to murky state has impacted migrating ducks and fish. Extensive modern records and sediment analysis reveal a 200-year history of management, leading scientists to propose bottom-up landscape management to restore the lake's ecosystem.
The TWINS and IBEX spacecraft observed a powerful solar storm impacting the Earth's magnetosphere, causing an important communications satellite to founder. The ENA cameras enabled global imaging of the magnetosphere, revealing precise timing of the compression and propagation of charged particles into the atmosphere.
A statewide survey of Missouri nursing homes found nearly 90% of residents and family members satisfied with care facilities. The survey highlighted improvements made by administrators to deliver homelike care, leading to excellent ratings for quality of life, care, and service.
Scientists discovered that bacteria engage in quorum sensing to discuss options for life-or-death situations, deciding between sporing or competency. This communication process has implications for understanding human cell behavior and developing new treatments for diseases.
New studies reveal lower fetal/infant death risks among planned repeat caesarean sections, while higher uterine rupture risk found in women with multiple previous caesarean sections. Research emphasizes pragmatic studies to improve maternal and infant care.
Researchers found genetic mutations associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in nearly 17.4% of patients, with children more likely to have these mutations than older adults. This study's findings will help develop new treatments and identify potential genetic tests for inherited forms of the disease.
A new mathematical model predicts optimal treatment length for prostate cancer patients to delay resistance, allowing clinicians to tailor therapy effectively. Intermittent androgen suppression therapy reduces side effects and improves patient outcomes.
A study at Duke University Medical Center confirms an association between sleep apnea and post-surgical delirium, a condition with serious health consequences. Researchers found that patients with obstructive sleep apnea were more likely to develop delirium after surgery.
A study found that invasive treatment strategies, including heart testing and pacemaker implantation, can increase survival rates for patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. The treatment approach resulted in a lower incidence of sudden death and improved overall survival.
The Hadal Ecosystem Studies program will conduct detailed studies of life in major deep ocean trenches, comparing findings between trenches around the world. Researchers aim to unravel how organisms have evolved to survive in extreme environments.
A Wayne State University researcher is part of a nationwide effort to monitor antibiotic resistance while optimizing drug use. The project aims to improve antimicrobial stewardship and reduce the development of resistance.
A study found that intravenous glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution did not reduce the rate of progression to heart attack or improve 30-day survival in patients with chest pain. The treatment was associated with a lower risk of cardiac arrest or in-hospital death.
Researchers found that lower doses of clot-busting drug tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) effectively dissolve clots in patients with moderate pulmonary embolism, leading to earlier hospital discharge and reduced complications. Eighty percent of pulmonary embolism patients could benefit from this treatment.
Paramedics can administer a mixture of glucose, insulin and potassium (GIK) to patients having a heart attack, reducing the rate of cardiac arrest and death by 50 percent. The treatment also reduces the severity of heart tissue damage from the heart attack.
A study published in the American Chemical Society found that capsaicinoids, a compound in chili peppers, can lower cholesterol levels and increase blood flow to the heart. The compounds may also reduce the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in blood vessels.
A new study by Karolinska Institutet researchers found that DNA methylation levels in white blood cells are lower in patients with schizophrenia and related to age of disease onset and treatment response. The discovery may lead to the development of a simple test to diagnose schizophrenia.
Researchers found that many dementia patients' delusions have logical explanations and can be treated through behavioral therapy. The study suggests a better understanding of delusions can lead to more humane and compassionate treatment, considering the patient's context and circumstances.
Researchers developed a biologically inspired control system that uses memory of past control experiences and outcomes to generate new actions. This approach shows promise for enhancing wind power conversion efficiency, outperforming traditional methods in simulations.
The Resilient Tunnel Project developed an inflatable cylinder capable of containing 35,000 gallons of water or air to seal off a section of tunnel in emergency situations. The plug's design overcame challenges related to its size, strength, and pliability, with the help of advanced materials like Vectran and polyurethane.
Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory have developed a method to produce customized carbon fibers from polyethylene, with potential applications in filtration, catalysis, and energy harvesting. The process allows for tailoring of surface contour and filament diameter, enabling the creation of fibers with unique properties.
Researchers developed a new pulsed photoacoustic technique to detect a small number of cancer cells in vitro. The technique combines high optical contrast with high resolution, allowing for the detection of single cancer cells.
Researchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine presented several studies at the American College of Cardiology's annual scientific session. One study found that aggressive statin therapy reduced fat content in coronary blockage by 22 percent, while another showed that cardiovascular disease screening can identify risk factors and symp...
Researchers developed a disposable microfluidic chip that provides accurate, point-of-care flu diagnosis, replacing expensive lab tests. The chip extracts RNA from Influenza A virus and replicates the sample for detection, producing faster and cheaper results.
Researchers have designed a powerful gene therapy strategy to treat beta-thalassemia and sickle cell anemia by transferring a healthy beta-globin gene into diseased cells. The new technique has shown promising results, with increased production of normal hemoglobin in patients.
Researchers from the University of Florida have developed a new technique to create graphene patterns on silicon carbide using ion implantation. This method allows for selective graphene growth at lower temperatures and can be used to create graphene nanoribbons with nanoscale dimensions.
Researchers found that watching tragedy movies causes people to reflect on their close relationships, boosting life happiness. Participants who thought more about their loved ones after the movie reported greater increases in happiness and enjoyment of the film.
Researchers at the University of Alberta discovered that some breast cancer tumors with weak 'survival' systems responded better to taxane chemotherapy than those with strong survival systems. This finding could lead to new strategies for identifying patients who may not respond to this common treatment.
A new Joslin study contradicts long-held assumptions about the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and atherosclerosis. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with atherosclerosis in humans due to insulin resistance, but research suggests that excess insulin alone does not cause atherosclerosis.
The NASA Space Network Ground Segment Sustainment project is upgrading the network's ground communications infrastructure with new, cutting-edge technology. The new architecture will enable easier technology refreshes, increased customer data rate capabilities, and lower operations costs.
The TARA OCEANS expedition mapped marine biodiversity across the world's oceans, understanding how microscopic organisms interact with their environment. The project aims to build a global systems biology map of these interactions, using advanced DNA sequencing and microscopy techniques.
Corals infected with Black Band Disease experience phototrophic zone and anoxic lower zone in tissue, leading to rapid lesion spread. Sulfide concentration and oxygen penetration determine disease progression.
Researchers used nanoparticles and magnetic fields to kill head and neck cancerous cells in mice without harming healthy cells. The treatment induced hyperthermia, raising the body temperature of only the concentrated nanoparticles within the tumor site.
A recent study found that inadequate bowel preparation during a colonoscopy can lead to missed pre-cancerous lesions, which were later discovered during a second screening. This highlights the importance of proper preparation for colonoscopies, as even minor issues can have significant consequences.
The Society of Interventional Radiology Foundation's Discovery Campaign has received a major corporate pledge of $100,000 from Boston Scientific. This funding will accelerate pioneering work in interventional radiology, including grants, research consensus panels, registries, clinical trials, and educational programming.
A recent study published in Political Research Quarterly found that information gleaned from interrogational torture is likely to be unreliable and used too frequently. The study's author, John W. Schiemann, concludes that the use of torture makes it difficult for states to distinguish between real and false confessions.
The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS) have published a guidance document outlining management strategies to prevent bone loss and related fractures in high-risk patients. The guidelines provide a framework for developing national assessment and treatment guidelines, emphasizing...
A study published by the World Health Organization estimates that 20.1 million individuals were infected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 1 and 2 in 2005. This resulted in 3.4 million symptomatic cases, 70,000 deaths, and 3,000 stillbirths, primarily affecting countries in Asia and Africa.
A new study published in Radiology journal reveals that lung cancers diagnosed through annual rounds of computed tomography (CT) screening exhibit similar growth rates and cell-type distributions compared to those found in clinical practice. The findings suggest a less aggressive approach for diagnosis and treatment of sub-solid lesions.
Researchers propose that quantum metabolism explains metabolic changes causing healthy cells to become cancerous, enabling cells to outcompete for space and nutrients. Understanding this process could lead to new cancer treatment approaches.
The number of retractions in scientific journals has increased by over 10-fold in the past decade, driven by economic incentives and a hypercompetitive environment. This trend is seen as a symptom of a growing dysfunction in biomedical research, with researchers feeling pressure to publish in high-profile journals to secure funding.
Researchers found that HIV in semen persists among sexually active HIV-infected MSM on HAART, posing a transmission risk. Detection of HIV in semen was strongly associated with high-risk behavior and genital inflammation.
Researchers discovered a compound in mustard seed meal with antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The isolated sinapic acid lends a useful function to the previously economic value-less defatted seed meal, enabling its use as a natural food preservative.
System 96W is consolidating with bands of thunderstorms wrapping around the center, indicating a strengthening tropical depression. Forecasters predict a medium chance of strengthening due to favorable wind conditions and warm sea surface temperatures.
A new clinical trial aims to determine whether intravenous antibiotics are more effective than traditional therapies in tackling Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common germ causing destructive lung infections in CF patients. The study will assess the treatment's success over a year and potentially inform national guidelines.
A recent study by Sonia Lupien's team at the Centre for Studies on Human Stress found that testing older adults in unfamiliar and stressful environments can significantly reduce their memory performance. The researchers tested older adults under conditions similar to those in which cognitive examinations take place, and found that stre...
A recent study published in PLOS Medicine argues that the use of cash incentives to promote healthy behaviors may not be as problematic as previously thought. The authors suggest that when incentives are used to encourage people to engage in activities they are already familiar with and likely to benefit from, ethical concerns may be m...
A study published in the American Journal of Veterinary Research found that healthy cats can consume a diet rich in saturated fat without raising their cholesterol levels. The research also showed that increasing the proportion of fat in a cat's diet will not lead to weight gain, as long as daily calorie intake remains constant.
Researchers found thyme to be the most effective herbal preparation against Propionibacterium acnes, the bacteria causing acne. Thyme tincture surpassed standard benzoyl peroxide concentrations in antibacterial action, offering a gentler alternative for skin sensitivity sufferers.
Researchers from University of Michigan and MIT create 3-D images of vitamin B12 and its partner molecules twisting and contorting during a crucial reaction called methyltransfer. This process is vital for human health and has potential implications for alternative renewable energy sources.
Scientists have developed a rapid test to detect Salmonella in lettuce and water using popcorn-shaped gold particles. The test can identify the bacteria in just five minutes, making it a potential game-changer for food safety, particularly in remote areas or during outbreaks.
A 22-week cross-over study found that consuming green coffee extract resulted in an average weight loss of 17 pounds, with a 10.5% decrease in overall body weight and a 16% decrease in body fat.
Researchers have developed transparent, flexible memory chips with high radiation resistance and stability. These '3-D' chips can pack extra gigabytes of data while taking up less space, making them suitable for next-generation flash-competitive memory.
Future Earth, a 10-year initiative, will unify and scale up existing global environmental change activities to deliver solution-oriented research in partnership with society. The platform aims to address critical social and environmental challenges through interdisciplinary research.
A new study from the University at Buffalo Research Institute on Addictions found that supervisors play a crucial role in reducing employee substance use and intoxication. The study suggests that supervisor training is essential to improve employee productivity and reduce stress.
A study of nearly 2000 US male health professionals found that moderate drinkers who survived a first heart attack had a lower risk of death from any cause and cardiovascular disease. The researchers discovered a 'U' shape effect, where heavy drinking increased mortality risk.
David A. Solomon, a Georgetown University Medical Center student, has been recognized for his groundbreaking work in cancer research. His research focuses on identifying new cancer genes and developing targeted therapies, with notable findings including the identification of CDKN2C and PTPRD as tumor suppressor genes.
Researchers have developed environmentally-friendly iron-based nanoparticle catalysts that work as well as expensive metal-based catalysts. This breakthrough reduces the need for toxic and expensive organic ligands, making industrial syntheses more cost-effective.
A new study shows that cardiac computed tomography angiography (CT) scans can quickly identify patients with chest pain who do not have coronary artery blockage. This allows doctors to safely discharge healthy patients within hours, reducing hospital stay times by 18 hours and cost savings of 10-20%.
Comet impacts may have delivered the building blocks of life to Earth, with amino acids forming peptide bonds despite intense heat and shock. This research provides further support for the comet delivery scenario, suggesting multiple deliveries of seedlings of life through comets, asteroids, and meteorites.
A study published in Hepatology found that diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) with the inhibitory control test and treating it with lactulose is cost-effective, preventing car accidents and reducing societal costs. The treatment prevents motor vehicle collisions and saves up to $3.6 million over a 5-year period.
Researchers at Harvard's Wyss Institute have created a living human gut-on-a-chip that mimics the structure, physiology, and mechanics of the human intestine. The device supports the growth of living microbes and could help understand intestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease.
Researchers found that blocking O-GlcNAc attachment to CREB protein improved long-term memory in mice. The study suggests that targeting O-GlcNAc could lead to new ways to enhance memory. Blocking O-GlcNAc also showed promise in slowing cancer growth, making it a potential target for anti-cancer drugs.
A recent study suggests that young infants' imitation is not driven by rational thinking, but rather by distractions. In a replication study, researchers found that infants imitated an unusual action only if it was not attributed to external constraints.
The new method, called Direct Molecular Recognition, uses atomic force microscopy to take nanoscopic pictures of DNA molecules and identify sequence differences. This technique has the potential to be used for sensitive detection of DNA molecules in genomic research and medical diagnostics.
A randomized trial found IPTi to be an effective preventive measure against malaria episodes in infants exposed to both falciparum and vivax malaria. The study showed a significant reduction in malaria cases with regular IPTi treatment during infancy.
A new study by Anna A. Stec and colleagues found that some flame retardants increase the release of carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide during combustion, leading to more deaths from fire injuries than burns themselves.
A team of scientists developed a new method to calculate the pace of life in deep sediments, using amino acid signatures to determine microorganism activity. They found that metabolism occurs at a much slower rate in the deep seabed compared to other ecosystems.
A three-year study found that embedding TaMHS programme in schools led to greater improvements in behavioural problems among primary pupils. Schools providing self-help leaflets also saw reduced aggression and anger issues.
Rice University researchers have developed a transparent memory chip using silicon oxide, which can combine with transparent electrodes and integrated circuits. The technology has the potential to create flexible and transparent electronics, such as see-through cellphones.
Long-term oral glucocorticoid therapy is associated with a significant risk of bone loss and fractures, particularly in older adults and those with higher doses. To mitigate this risk, patients should take preventive measures such as maintaining adequate calcium and protein intake, exercising regularly, and getting enough vitamin D.
A new study reveals that West Antarctica's floating ice shelves are fracturing and retreating inland, potentially accelerating ice loss to the sea. The research found that the margins of these ice shelves are heavily rifted, resembling a cracked mirror in satellite imagery.
Scientists developed a capsule that can remove more than a dozen radioactive substances from water, milk, and fruit juices. The technology uses nanoparticles to absorb and concentrate radioactive materials, making them safe for consumption.
By 2030, humanity's urban footprint will occupy an additional 1.5 million square kilometers, equivalent to the combined territories of France, Germany, and Spain. The forecast urban population in 2050 is expected to reach 6.3 billion, with dense cities designed for efficiency offering a promising path to sustainability.
A study published in Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking found that online gamblers reported more frequent and problematic drinking and cannabis use compared to offline-only gamblers. The research suggests that online gambling may be associated with increased risks of substance-related behaviors.
A study found that higher out-of-pocket costs for asthma medications in children were associated with lower medication use and increased asthma-related hospitalizations. The findings highlight the need for strategies to improve medication adherence, such as routine access to primary care and pulmonary specialists.
A new study by Mary Pulido finds that mental health clinicians experienced high levels of secondary traumatic stress due to their work with 9/11 victims. The lack of support and supervision is a significant concern, but peer support was helpful in mitigating the effects.
A new comparative effectiveness study found that older adults who underwent bypass surgery had better long-term survival rates than those who underwent a non-surgical procedure to improve blood flow to the heart muscle. After four years, the CABG group had a 21 percent lower mortality rate compared to the PCI group.
Princeton University researchers created a cellular automation model to investigate complex tumor-host interactions in cancer, revealing diverse growth dynamics and morphologies under varying pressures.
Cancer researchers employed game theory to study the physics of tumor evolution under stress conditions. They found that modifying their framework accounted for heterogeneous stress patterns, leading to emergent cooperative outcomes between cooperator and cheater cells.
A new study by Southern Methodist University found that middle school boys who used e-readers rated reading more valuable as an activity, but girls struggled with motivation. The study, which included Amazon's Kindle e-reader, showed that boys improved their attitudes towards reading after using the e-readers.
A new study finds that high levels of black carbon, a pollutant from truck emissions and dirty oil, contribute to childhood asthma hot spots in NYC. Children with higher black carbon exposure have higher exhaled nitric oxide, indicating greater lung inflammation and increased risk for asthma exacerbations.
Researchers explore the geology of Mars, including widespread weathered glass, global aqueous history, and volcanic activity. Studies also examine the impact of human activities on river discharge, crustal anatexis, and electrical conductivity in the Yellowstone hotspot.
The AkzoNobel North America Science Award recognizes outstanding scientific contributions in chemistry and materials research, with a focus on sustainability. The award winner will receive a $75,000 cash prize and be honored at the ACS' National Meeting & Exposition in New Orleans.
A report at the American Chemical Society symposium highlights the challenges faced by minority women in STEM fields, including limited access to quality education and career discouragement. The percentage of women of color with doctorates in science has risen, but there is still a long way to go for equal representation.
A genetic study has traced cattle back to a small herd of approximately 80 animals domesticated around 10,500 years ago. The research used DNA extracted from ancient cattle bones found in Iranian archaeological sites to determine the origins of domestication.
A new study published in Malaria Journal found that malaria prevention measures saved 850,000 child deaths in Africa between 2001 and 2010. The Lives Saved Tool model used by researchers estimated the impact of interventions such as insecticide-treated mosquito nets and pregnant women's malaria prevention.
Researchers found that patients who received early temporary treatment with antiretroviral drugs (cART) for 24 weeks had a lower viral setpoint and delayed the need to restart treatment during chronic HIV infection. This delay lasted for an average of 0.7 years, compared to those who did not receive early cART.
A team from Graz University of Technology has developed a new method for measuring pH in enzyme reactions using luminescent dual-life-time referencing. This method, known as DLR-based pH meter, combines a pH indicator and a reference standard to provide real-time characteristics of enzyme reactions.
This bimonthly publication presents research on the Deccan Traps, transfluvial incision in Eastern Papua New Guinea, and late Pleistocene structural evolution of the Camarillo fold belt. Seismic data reveal imprints of volcanism deep beneath the Deccan volcanic province, while river profiles indicate vertical rock uplift and fault motion.
A new study published in Nature Geoscience suggests that the Eastern branch of the East African Rift system is approximately 25-30 million years old, nearly doubling its previously estimated age. This discovery has important implications for understanding climate change models, faunal evolution, and the development of Africa's unique l...
Researchers have found a promising candidate for plasmonic materials in titanium nitride, enabling the transportation of plasmons and directing optical signals on the nanoscale. This discovery could lead to faster and more efficient optoelectronic devices with unprecedented speed and efficiency.
Researchers found that exposure to alcohol-related images can lead to increased expression of racial bias on a subconscious level. Participants who viewed these ads made more errors indicative of racial bias in a subsequent task than those who viewed non-alcoholic beverage ads.
Patients with high-risk GI tumors who received imatinib for 3 years instead of 1 year had improved recurrence-free survival and overall survival. The study found that longer treatment with the cancer drug resulted in better survival outcomes and fewer patients discontinued treatment due to adverse effects.
A recent US study found that higher out-of-pocket costs for children's medication are associated with reduced medication use and increased hospitalizations. The study, which analyzed data from over 8,000 patients, suggests that parents may be less sensitive to cost when making decisions for their younger children.
A study published in the British Medical Journal found that carefully adjusting mechanical ventilator settings can reduce mortality rates in patients with acute lung injury. The researchers evaluated 485 patients and found that lower breath sizes and reduced pressure can have a significant impact on survival.
A meta-analysis found that non-HDL-C levels are strongly associated with the risk of major cardiovascular events in patients taking statins, more so than LDL-C. Non-HDL-C was also shown to explain a larger proportion of the atheroprotective effect of statin therapy.
The Black Queen Hypothesis suggests that microbes can lose necessary functions and rely on others to do the work, enabling cooperation in communities. Prochlorococcus plankton species, studied by the authors, is an example of this adaptation.
Researchers developed an algorithm to optimize traffic flow across roundabouts in Beijing, reducing delays to just 11 seconds. The approach balances entry and exit point delays for smoothest flow, offering a potential solution to the city's chronic congestion issues.
Researchers at Oregon State University are exploring the role of viruses, particularly herpes, in coral decline. A comprehensive analysis of coral genomes reveals that herpes viruses constitute a majority of the viruses found in corals.
A 36-hour operation successfully transplanted both jaws, teeth, and tongue as part of the most extensive full face transplant to date. The procedure was led by Dr. Eduardo D. Rodriguez and involved a multi-disciplinary team of surgeons and medical staff.
Researchers found that combining antibiotics with additional compounds made previously resistant bacteria more susceptible, increasing efficacy by up to six-fold. The study's lead author believes adjuvant therapy could revolutionize antibiotic use and reduce antimicrobial resistance.