A team of scientists led by Washington University's Jeffrey I. Gordon will investigate the complex relationship between diet, gut microbes and immune system in severely malnourished children. The research aims to discover novel dietary and microbial therapeutics to target infants and children living in countries with rampant malnutrition.
Current colorectal cancer screening guidelines for individuals with first-degree relatives having precancerous colon polyps are not based on well-designed studies. A new systematic review calls for new research to measure the risk and identify modifying factors.
A study by Guido Frank and colleagues found that anorexic women's brains are overactive in response to food cues, while obese women's brains are underactive. This suggests a link between brain function and eating behavior in these conditions.
Researchers at CNIO successfully test first gene therapy to combat aging, extending mouse lifespan up to 24 percent and improving health. The therapy delivers a 'rejuvenating' effect using telomerase enzyme, repairing or delaying DNA damage.
Research reveals that salmon raised in hatcheries can harm wild populations through competition for food and habitat. This has significant implications for long-term survival of wild salmon species, highlighting the need for caution and further research to ensure sustainable fisheries management.
A new article by UCSF researchers outlines a 10-year plan to fight depression, emphasizing the need for routine access to prevention interventions. The authors suggest identifying high-risk individuals and reducing new cases of depression by half.
The Office of Naval Research has launched an initiative to develop a web-based application, ICODE MDA, to enhance maritime domain awareness and combat piracy, drug smuggling, and other threats. The project partners with Chilean researchers to create software for automation, small-target detection, and intent detection.
A new study found that the annual number of battery-related emergency department visits among children younger than 18 years of age more than doubled from 2,591 in 1990 to 5,525 in 2009. The majority of cases involved products not intended for young children, such as watches and remote controls.
A new University of Illinois study shows that human milk oligosaccharides produce short-chain fatty acids that feed a beneficial microbial population in the infant gut. The composition of bacteria changes over time, with different HMO components producing distinct patterns of short-chain fatty acids.
A new study describes a compound that selectively kills cancer cells by restoring the structure and function of mutant p53. This finding supports the development of rationally targeted cancer therapies and has potential for treating 30,000 patients annually in the US.
Researchers conducted a 10-year retrospective study on HIV patients in San Francisco, finding that they suffered sudden cardiac death at a rate four times higher than the general population. The study suggests that HIV changes the electrophysiology of the heart, increasing the risk of conduction abnormalities and sudden death.
Researchers at the University of Leeds have found that persistent pain and hyperalgesia are generated by the same nerves but through different mechanisms. The discovery could lead to more effective painkillers with fewer side effects.
A randomized controlled trial found smoked cannabis to be effective in reducing spasticity and pain in people with treatment-resistant multiple sclerosis. However, the study also showed that smoking cannabis was associated with acute cognitive impairments.
A team of scientists has identified the genetic cause of Hamamy syndrome, a rare birth defect marked by abnormal facial features and heart defects. The discovery links the disease to a mutation in the IRX5 gene, which is highly conserved across animals.
Researchers developed a genetic test to predict ocular melanoma tumor spread, classifying tumors with over 97% accuracy. The test identified two classes of tumors: those unlikely to spread (class 1) and those more likely to develop metastatic cancer (class 2).
A new biohybrid device can reprogram the inflammatory response at the whole-organism level, offering a foundational concept for genetically modified cells and tailored clinical applications. This innovation holds potential to prevent sepsis and other life-threatening complications associated with acute inflammation.
Researchers at Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center identified microRNA-3151 as a new independent prognostic marker in certain patients with acute leukemia. The study found that overexpression of miR-3151 leads to poor treatment responses and shorter survival periods, independent of other gene mutations.
A study found that narrower central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) is associated with a higher six-year incidence of any cardiovascular disease and lower extremity arterial disease. Larger retinal venular diameter, on the other hand, was linked to an increased risk of hypertension.
A study examined the effectiveness of exercise testing in asymptomatic patients after coronary revascularization. Ischemia was detected in 262 patients and death was associated with ischemia, suggesting that risk evaluation could be obtained from a standard exercise test rather than exercise echocardiography.
A recent study by the University of Edinburgh found that large city hospitals act as breeding grounds for the superbug MRSA prior to its spread to smaller hospitals. Researchers analyzed over 80 variants of a major clone of MRSA and identified mutations leading to new strains, tracing their spread nationwide.
Researchers aim to break nicotine addiction by blocking hypocretin-1 receptors, which play a key role in driving desire for more nicotine. The study has the potential to provide a significant breakthrough in treating tobacco abuse and preventing relapse.
The Folsom Group revitalizes the 1967 report's blueprint, updating 13 grand challenges to facilitate nationwide integrated patient-centered community health services. Intranasal corticosteroids show small therapeutic benefit for sinus infection sufferers, but with potential harms and cost implications.
A new study suggests that serving water with meals can help young adults make healthier food choices by associating water with vegetables, rather than soda or salty snacks. Preschoolers also show a preference for eating raw veggies with water, rather than sugary drinks.
A clinical study at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine found that smoked cannabis reduced symptoms of multiple sclerosis, including improved spasticity and pain. However, the study also reported short-term adverse cognitive effects and increased fatigue.
A study by Marc Berman found that nature walks improved memory performance after a walk in nature, compared to an urban environment. Participants showed a 16 percent increase in attention and working memory, but no significant improvement in depressive mood.
Research by UTSA College of Business professor Kristina Durante reveals that women's perceptions of men as potential fathers are influenced by hormonal fluctuations during ovulation. Women tend to overestimate the domestic contributions of sexy cads and underestimate those of reliable dads.
Researchers found that street furniture, public spaces, and architecture can both fuel and mitigate tensions between different social groups. Dr Ralf Brand identified urban features that contribute to community divisions, as well as those that promote positive interactions.
Kondziolka et al. introduce World Science, an interactive knowledge network that simplifies authoring, editing, reviewing, and publishing scientific literature. This platform enables users to engage with papers through intuitive tools, facilitating the sharing of scientific information worldwide.
Obesity affects 62% of Canadian adults, with a significant economic burden and increased risk of related diseases. The 5A model provides an effective approach to counselling patients, combining assess/ask, advise, agree, assist, and arrange steps for successful weight loss and maintenance.
Research found that moderate fitness levels can lower hypertension risk by 34% for those with a parent's high blood pressure, while highly fit individuals have a 70% lower risk. The study of over 6,000 participants suggests that even realistic exercise can provide significant health benefits.
A new study from the Regenstrief Institute and Indiana University has found that individuals with dementia are more likely to die at home rather than in a nursing home. The majority of care for those with dementia is provided in the community by families, contradicting previous assumptions.
Researchers identify DNA methylation profiles as potential biomarkers for detecting prostate cancer months earlier than current methods. The discovery also predicts recurrence risk and identifies genes that can be targeted with new drugs.
A new study found that baby bottles accounted for 66% of injuries, followed by pacifiers at 20%, and sippy cups at 14%. The study suggests that children should be transitioned to regular cups at 12 months old and pacifier use limited after six months
Researchers have discovered that children's brain tumors preserve characteristics of the normal cells from which they originate, offering new hope for effective treatments. The study found that tumour malignancy is linked to cellular origin and time of tumour development, improving prospects for targeted therapies.
Clemson University researcher Julia Frugoli has been awarded a nearly $600,000 four-year grant to study how plant roots communicate with each other to control growth. This research could lead to nitrogen-free farming methods that increase food supply and benefit agricultural production.
Anthropologists have uncovered the earliest form of wall art, a 1.5-ton block of engraved limestone found in Abri Castanet, southern France. The piece is approximately 37,000 years old and provides evidence of the role art played in the daily lives of Early Aurignacian humans.
Scientists have made a significant breakthrough in understanding the cause of bile duct cancer by identifying several new genes frequently mutated in the disease. The research team discovered mutations in 187 genes using state-of-the-art DNA sequencing, shedding light on the molecular mechanisms of the disease.
Researchers identify Sh1 gene as key control point for seed shattering in sorghum, finding parallel selection across multiple cereals. The study provides insights into the domestication process of crops like rice and maize, with implications for breeding and increasing crop yields.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab have demonstrated unique new materials for innovative electronic and magnetic applications. Bismuth selenide's surface electrons flow at room temperature, making it an attractive candidate for spintronics devices and quantum computers. The material's low electron-phonon coupling also underlines its practical...
Researchers sequenced foxtail millet's genome to guide assembly of switchgrass genome, a perennial grass with multiple chromosome copies. The compact genome offers advantages for studying adaptation and developing genetic tools.
A new study suggests that religious belief serves to enhance self-control, a crucial cognitive process for fostering valuable social behaviors. The research, published in Psychological Science, found that priming volunteers with religious thoughts improved their discipline and ability to delay gratification.
A small clinical trial suggests that acupuncture improves dyspnea and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. After 12 weeks of treatment, the Borg scale score improved from 5.5 to 1.9 in the real acupuncture group.
Deep cracks in soil can remain open underground even after they have visibly sealed on the surface, a new study has found. This persistence of cracks affects the flow of water and nutrients through the soil, leading to reduced crop productivity.
A Rutgers University study found that young children of unmarried parents who receive court-mandated financial support from their fathers exhibit more aggressive behavior. In contrast, children whose fathers provide informal support without court orders have increased cognitive skills and verbal abilities. Researchers suggest that pate...
Scientists have discovered the first record of insect pollination from 100 million years ago, found in amber from Northern Spain. The discovery reveals a new genus of thrips with highly specialized hairs to collect pollen grains, similar to those of bees.
A national phase II clinical trial will examine the effects of resveratrol on individuals with mild to moderate dementia due to Alzheimer's disease. The study aims to delay or alter memory deterioration and daily functioning in people with the condition.
Researchers have designed and tested molecules that can block or enhance aspects of the immune system's activity, offering a potential new treatment for inflammatory diseases. The breakthrough, published in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, uses a novel optimization-based approach to design peptides with unprecedented potency and precision.
The Dip Chip technology uses genetically modified microbes to detect toxicity in real time, providing a quick and accurate diagnosis. The device can identify overall toxicity levels, picking up on any toxic materials, including those that have not been discovered yet.
The study used a non-invasive technique to observe and measure changes in the embryo's brain activity, revealing that circuits capable of monitoring surroundings develop early in fetal development. This breakthrough may help understand human brain development and complex learning processes in fetuses and newborns.
A study found that male robins care for their young more when the eggs laid by their mate are brighter blue. The researchers replaced artificial eggs with baby robins in nests to test this theory, and results showed males feeding their babies twice as much when eggs were brightest blue.
A study by economist Richard Easterlin reveals that Chinese people are less happy overall than they were two decades ago, despite unprecedented economic growth. Life satisfaction among the poorest Chinese has fallen dramatically, reflecting rising unemployment and deteriorating social safety nets.
Researchers at Ohio State University found that tilting cars on the assembly line can reduce autoworker strain, improving safety and efficiency. The study compares two methods: a cantilevered chair and a car carriage system, with the latter proving more effective in reducing stress for nine different tasks.
Research at Hebrew University and US researchers found a direct correlation between maternal overweight and increased tendencies towards adult child overweight, high blood pressure, and excess sugar and fat levels. This suggests that avoiding weight gain during adulthood may reduce these risk factors.
A new retinal prosthesis uses tiny solar-panel-like cells and near-infrared light to stimulate photoreceptor cells and activate neurons in the retina. This device aims to help people suffering from retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa.
A DNA replication protein called Cdt1 is involved in both DNA replication and mitosis, a later step of the cell cycle. This discovery provides a possible explanation for why many cancers have genomic instability and an abnormal number of chromosomes.
Researchers discovered that alpha 2 delta determines calcium channel presence at synapses, controlling neurotransmitter release. The study found that increasing or decreasing alpha 2 delta levels can triple or reduce the number of channels.
A team of physicists has developed a new design for nano-billiards that eliminates the effect of small bumps on electron paths, enabling more predictable electronic devices. By removing impurities and defects, researchers have created stable billiard tables at the nanoscale, paving the way for improved nanoscale electronics.
Researchers in Sheffield have mapped a possible expansion of the city's district heating network, which could reduce CO2 emissions by 80,000 tonnes annually. The system, powered by waste and steel plant heat, provides low-cost heating to over 140 public buildings and 3,000 homes.
A study by the University of Edinburgh finds that 360,000 tonnes of milk wasted in the UK each year results in greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 100,000 tonnes of CO2, comparable to 20,000 cars annually. Researchers suggest reducing food consumption and waste, as well as improving fertiliser efficiency, can help curb emissions.
Scientists have developed a way to generate power using harmless viruses that convert mechanical energy into electricity. The generator produces enough current to operate a small liquid-crystal display, and the milestone could lead to tiny devices harnessing energy from everyday tasks.