A study published in JAMA Neurology found that people with low vitamin D levels experience rapid cognitive decline over time compared to those with adequate levels. Researchers recommend daily vitamin D supplements for individuals 60-plus due to the association between low vitamin D and faster cognitive decline.
The National Science Foundation has awarded $2.5 million to support research projects developing novel approaches to integrate networked computer systems and physical devices for smart city applications. The projects aim to improve public safety, transportation, and health in cities across the US and globally.
A study found that vitamin D insufficiency was associated with a faster decline in cognitive functions among older adults. The research, published in JAMA Neurology, revealed that African American and Hispanic individuals were more likely to have vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. Participants with inadequate vitamin D levels exper...
A new study reveals that smokers are up to 3.6 times more likely to lose their teeth, with male smokers being the most affected. Quitting smoking can reduce this risk, although it may take over a decade for ex-smokers to regain the same level of dental health as non-smokers.
Oriol Romero-Isart receives Euro 4,000 award for seminal contributions to quantum physics topics including degenerate gases and nanooptics.
The first global permafrost database has been launched, offering a comprehensive dataset on permafrost temperature and active layer thickness. The GTN-P database, compiled by an international team of researchers from 25 countries, will help scientists better understand the extent to which climate change is causing permafrost thawing.
A new model proposes that Darwinius, the famous primate fossil, shares more in common with modern lemurs than previously thought. The study re-examined the interpretation of Darwinius based on its dental eruption sequence, finding it had a similar pattern to that of lemurs.
Researchers use the Very Large Telescope Interferometer to study a young star with a large proto-planetary disk. They find a significant gap in the inner regions, suggesting a gravitational influence from forming planets.
Researchers found that current and former marijuana users are more likely to have prediabetes, but not type 2 diabetes, compared to never users. Marijuana use was associated with a higher risk of developing prediabetes in middle adulthood, particularly among those who used the drug excessively.
Researchers at Caltech have identified a broadly neutralizing antibody that can recognize HIV's envelope spike in different conformations, making it easier to detect and neutralize the virus. This discovery could lead to the development of combination therapies to fight HIV, which is currently evolving rapidly.
The remnants of Tropical Storm Linda are spreading northward into northern Baja California and parts of the southwestern US, triggering shower and thunderstorm activity. Moisture from the remnant low is expected to bring increased risk of rip currents and dangerous high surf to Southern California coastline.
Researchers from the University of Miami propose a 'diagonal approach' to manage health care, focusing on integrating services across the life span of a person. The approach suggests a need for legislation, access to cost-effective services, financial protection, and integration of services.
Researchers at Disney Research have developed a networking technology that enables LED lights to communicate with each other and the Internet using visible light signals. The technology has the potential to create smart environments and enable IoT applications, such as remote monitoring of objects.
Tropical Storm Kilo was spotted brushing northern Japan's eastern side as it transitioned to an extra-tropical storm. Sea surface temperatures were dropping rapidly, helping the system lose its tropical characteristics.
A PhD candidate at Queen's University has made a groundbreaking discovery of the first massive binary star with magnetic fields. The research provides new insights into the origin of magnetism in massive stars and may help explain why only 10% of these stars have strong magnetic fields.
A new study proposes open source tools can reduce research costs by redirecting funding to upgradeable equipment, improving performance and grant competition outcomes. The technology has already shown promise with customizable syringe pumps that match high-end performance, potentially yielding significant returns on investment.
Genetic mutations in Ebola virus appear to block antibody-based treatments from warding off infection. The mutations, or 'escape variants,' have implications for the continued development of therapeutics to treat Ebola virus disease, which has claimed over 11,000 lives in West Africa.
Researchers identified associations between genetic variants and differential drug response in patients of Hispanic and Caucasian ethnicity. The study found that genetic ancestry strongly influences a person's response to anticancer drug treatments, with notable associations for drugs like temozolomide and etoposide.
A team of researchers has developed a novel optical technique to resolve individual components of spindle pole body (SPB) duplication in living yeast cells, uncovering surprising facts about this nanoscale process. The study reveals that SPB duplication begins near the end of mitosis and forms structures not previously seen.
The European Commission's Joint Research Centre highlights the need for global cooperation to regulate nanotechnology in food and agriculture. Current approaches vary between countries, with EU and Switzerland introducing binding provisions and others relying on non-legally binding guidance.
A chemist at San Diego State University developed a new technique to improve the selectivity of protein kinase inhibitors, which can lead to fewer side effects. By locking in either the right- or left-handed version of an atropisomeric compound, researchers found more selective inhibition of specific kinases.
Scientists have successfully altered the state of matter of metallic osmium under extreme pressure conditions. The research uses ultra-high pressures to interact with core electrons in osmium, leading to anomalies in its compression behavior. This breakthrough could lead to new materials with unique properties.
The National Institutes of Health has awarded an Emory-led research consortium $15 million to improve human immune responses to vaccination. Researchers will focus on two primary projects: varicella zoster virus and pneumococcal vaccines in transplant patients.
A new study by Michigan State University researcher Arend Hintze found that moderate competition optimally drives the evolution of decision-making strategies in humans. In crowded areas, hermit crabs evolve split-second decision-making to claim new shells, demonstrating a similar phenomenon in human politics.
Researchers found that high-dose resveratrol stabilized a biomarker associated with Alzheimer's disease progression. The study, involving 119 participants, also showed that resveratrol was safe and well-tolerated, but its effects on brain volume were unclear.
A five-neuron circuit in the female cricket brain identifies species-specific chirp rhythms by delaying pulses to match gaps between pulses. This discovery reveals a fundamental neural mechanism for sound processing that could be applied to more complex brains.
The University of Texas at Arlington has partnered with over 20 companies and an industry council to create two masonry schools addressing a shortage of skilled bricklayers. The eight-week accelerated discipline program will train individuals in brick and concrete masonry unit construction, leading to better job prospects.
A study by University of Florida Health researchers found that stroke victims with private insurance had lower mortality rates, shorter hospital stays, and fewer complications compared to those on Medicaid. The study analyzed nationwide data from over 1.5 million hospital admissions between 2002 and 2011.
Researchers have found that more than 60 percent of the foraging honey bees in San Diego County are Africanized, and that Africanized bees can now be found as far north as California's delta region. The study suggests that the northward expansion of Africanized bees in California is consistent with patterns previously documented in Texas.
Researchers use X-rays to study nickelates and discover that tensile strain facilitates the transfer of electrons between atoms, ruling out electronic checkerboard theory. The findings provide new insight into the metal-insulator transition, guiding the design of new electronic devices.
Researchers at University of Toronto develop model predicting tornado activity relative to changes in atmospheric conditions. The model takes into account instability and vertical windshear, shedding light on why actual tornado activity is vastly underestimated.
The Rutgers breakthrough device reduces the cost of sophisticated lab tests for diseases like HIV, Lyme disease, and syphilis by using miniaturized channels and valves. The technology also enables complex analyses using 90% less sample fluid than conventional tests, opening doors for new research.
A University of Granada study found that young male cyclists between 15 and 24 years old are at highest risk of death in traffic accidents. The researchers analyzed data from over 50,000 cyclists involved in accidents between 1993 and 2009, concluding that age and sex play a significant role in mortality rates among cyclists.
Tropical Storm Henri has a lopsided structure, with almost all clouds and showers concentrated on the northeastern side of the storm. The southeasterly wind shear and dry air around the system inhibit thunderstorm development in other areas.
A recent study suggests that burning all accessible fossil fuels would lead to a 50- or 60-meter sea level rise, putting over a billion people at risk. The team's models indicate that the West Antarctic ice sheet becomes unstable within 60-80 years if carbon emissions continue at current levels.
Researchers at Nanjing University have discovered new epigenetic markers for colorectal cancer, which may offer a new approach for treatment. The study found that heterochromatin protein HP1γ was critical for CRC cell proliferation and could be specially regulated by miR-30a.
Research published in the International Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Technology reveals a wavelet transform approach that improves medical imaging. The technique boosts the signal-to-noise ratio and reduces artifacts, allowing for earlier disease detection and diagnosis.
A new study of over 22,000 U.S. adults found that diet-beverage consumers often make up for the calorie lack in their drinks by consuming more sugar, sodium, fat, and cholesterol in other foods. The study suggests a possible compensation effect where people who drink diet beverages may feel justified in eating more high-calorie foods.
A new study published in Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports found that low levels of physical activity, weaker physical fitness, and higher body fat content are linked to arterial stiffness in 6-8 year-old children. Regular high-intensity exercise may help improve arterial health.
Elementary and middle school students given at least 25 minutes to eat lunch are more likely to choose fruits and consume key nutrients. Longer lunch periods can lead to healthier food choices and reduced plate waste in schools.
Well-developed eyes require between 5% and 15% of an animal's total energy budget, according to a study on Mexican cavefish. The visual system's high energy cost leads to trade-offs with other organ systems in environments where it is not essential.
Periodontitis has been shown to increase the expression of pro-inflammatory angiopoietin 2, while decreasing anti-inflammatory angiopoietin 1 in aortic smooth muscle cells, leading to increased inflammation and atherosclerosis. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms linking periodontitis to heart disease.
The Montefiore-Einstein Center for Cancer Care has received a $3.93 million grant from the National Cancer Institute to support clinical oncology research. Four new scholars have been selected, including Drs. Thomas Ow and Akiva Novetsky, who will focus on radiation therapy and gynecologic oncology surgeries.
A new study found that higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels are associated with increased brain volume in key brain regions and enhanced executive function performance. The research suggests that exercising can improve brain health and cognitive abilities as we age.
A team of researchers found that inhibiting the enzymatic activity of Tyk2 does not hinder its ability to activate natural killer cells. In fact, this inhibited form of Tyk2 still boosts NK cell maturation and activity, leading to strong suppression of cancer growth. This breakthrough suggests promising potential for new cancer therapies
The Daya Bay Collaboration has achieved the most precise measurements of neutrino oscillation to date, tracking the transformation of neutrinos and confirming that the experiment is paving the way for further research. The new results will have far-reaching implications for understanding the nature of neutrinos and the universe.
Scientists identify novel long non-coding RNA DACOR1 that suppresses tumor cells in colon cancer. Reactivating DACOR1 can slow or stop cancer cell growth, and may lead to therapy development for colon cancer prevention.
A team of researchers has experimentally connected classical and quantum mechanics by observing a dynamic Mott transition in a superconductor. The discovery sheds light on non-equilibrium physics and could lead to more efficient electronics.
A study by MIT economist Christopher Knittel reveals an essential mechanism underlying the politics of climate change. The research shows that certain climate policies, like transportation fuel subsidies, contain asymmetries that benefit a smaller group at the expense of most people.
UK researchers find tissue cysts of Toxoplasma gondii are active, contradicting long-held notion of dormancy. This discovery has significant implications for understanding chronic toxoplasmosis in the brain and its connection to neurological diseases.
The Daya Bay Collaboration has made the most precise neutrino measurements to date, tracking neutrino oscillations and confirming that the experiment is a key player in advancing our understanding of fundamental physics. The new findings will aid in unraveling the mysteries of matter and antimatter asymmetry in the universe.
Research by University of Sussex psychologists shows that valuing consumerist values can lead to a negative downward spiral, worsening peer relations and mental health. In contrast, friendly and helpful behavior is associated with increased popularity.
VIB and UGent scientists developed a new method to predict plant size by analyzing RNA molecules. This approach allows breeders to select disease-resistant plants earlier and accelerate breeding programs. The study's findings have the potential to improve agricultural productivity and address global food security challenges.
A new study finds that burning all fossil fuels would eliminate the Antarctic ice sheet, causing unprecedented sea-level rise. The risk increases with every additional tenth of a degree of warming, threatening major coastal cities like Tokyo and New York.
A 54-year-old Spanish man received a revolutionary new implant made from 3D printed titanium alloy, designed to replicate the intricate structures of his sternum and ribs. The innovative prosthesis was created by medical device company Anatomics in collaboration with CSIRO's 3D printing facility Lab 22.
A new study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that students with less than 20 minutes to eat school lunches consume significantly less of their entrées, milk, and vegetables. This can lead to unhealthy eating habits, as these students are more likely to skip fruits and vegetables.
Scientists created a detailed model of the NS3 helicase enzyme, which facilitates viral replication. The study provides insights into how this protein interacts with RNA and could lead to the development of new treatments that target only the hepatitis C virus without harming human cells.
Daejeon-based researcher Jeong Ho Lee of KAIST has been awarded the 2015 Pediatric Epilepsies Research Award for his groundbreaking study on brain somatic mutations as a novel cause of childhood intractable epilepsy. The award grants $250,000 in funding to support his research efforts.
A University of Texas at Arlington engineer has developed a way to program robots using observation and feedback. Robots will learn the function of a task, rather than just replicating motions, allowing them to achieve the same outcome without human intervention.
Twin tropical cyclones brought catastrophic rainfall to Japan, causing widespread flooding, landslides, and over one million evacuations. NASA's GPM Core satellite provided critical rainfall data, showing Honshu received over 100mm of rain, with extraordinary totals near the south-central coast.