Researchers estimate 2 billion species, with bacteria dominating the 'Pie of Life'. This new estimate incorporates DNA sequence data and parasite-host associations to arrive at a higher number than previous estimates.
A common genetic variant in the LILRB5 gene is associated with an increased risk of muscle aches and statin intolerance. Researchers found that individuals carrying two copies of this variant have a higher risk of general statin intolerance and low-dose intolerance, highlighting the need for alternative treatment options.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have developed a technique to monitor the maturation process of the immune system in leukaemia patients after stem cell transplantation. This study identifies patterns linked to clinical complications and provides new knowledge on the regulation and dysregulation of the immune system.
Researchers at the University of British Columbia have developed a new osteoporosis treatment using a compound derived from red sage, selectively blocking Cathepsin K enzyme activity in bone tissue. This approach may prevent negative side effects associated with current treatments.
UConn chemistry professor Doug Adamson has patented a process to exfoliate pure graphene, a substance that is 100 times stronger than steel. His technology uses a thermodynamically driven approach to un-stack graphite into its constituent graphene sheets.
Research from Medica Research Institute found that psychological distress significantly affects retirement savings, with up to a 62% lower probability of holding accounts. Married couples with psychological distress withdraw more from their accounts, while singles divert funds away from retirement savings.
A diet with moderate intake of fat and fruits/vegetables, avoiding high carbohydrates, is associated with lower risk of death. The lowest risk was seen in those consuming three to four servings of fruits, vegetables, and legumes daily.
A Potential Tropical Cyclone 10 is expected to bring heavy rains and tropical-storm-force winds to the North Carolina coast, particularly in areas such as Wilmington. The system's track will take it along the Mid-Atlantic region before moving out to sea, with a high chance of it becoming extratropical by Aug. 30.
Regular and early lifestyle modifications, including healthy diet, lifestyle, and physical activity, can significantly reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in young South Asians. The study found that interventions starting before age 18 were more effective than those starting later.
Researchers found that osteocytes, tiny bone cells with delicate membranes, experience membrane tears in response to mechanical loading. This tear triggers an increase in calcium levels, leading to bone remodeling and strengthening. The discovery sheds light on how bones adapt to gravity and physical activity.
Researchers have developed a new approach to designing antennas that can construct devices with antennas up to 1,000 times smaller than current ones. This technology enables the creation of miniaturized antennas for cell phones and other wireless communication devices, opening up new possibilities in the biomedical field.
Researchers discovered a single amino acid switch in the CX3CR1 receptor as a potential marker for predicting schizophrenia and autism. The variant affects microglia function and could lead to predictive diagnostics, offering new hope for asymptomatic patient screening.
A new method converts tree leaves into porous carbon materials for use in high-tech electronics. The resulting supercapacitors exhibit remarkable electrical properties and potential applications in computer technology and hybrid vehicles.
Researchers developed an efficient method to produce antibodies that can bind to two different target molecules simultaneously, enhancing cancer immunotherapy. The new approach uses a modified IgG antibody structure with only four key changes, allowing for more versatile formats and improved stability.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common heart arrhythmia that can lead to strokes. The REHEARSE-AF trial found that twice-weekly ECG recording by patients increased AF diagnosis in patients with stroke risk factors, suggesting the potential to reduce strokes through earlier treatment.
Researchers present a comprehensive overview of novel approaches to combating metastatic colorectal cancer, highlighting the potential of immunotherapies and targeted biological agents. The article discusses recent progress and future prospects for these treatments, including combination therapies and overcoming drug resistance.
A collaboration between University of Central Florida and Yale has discovered novel optical behaviors in laser cavities, providing a unique window into fundamental physics. The research demonstrates the role of gain clamping in governing optical responses and reveals fundamental aspects of causality's limits.
The REVEAL trial found that anacetrapib significantly reduces the incidence of major coronary events and improves HDL cholesterol levels, while also reducing LDL cholesterol by at least 20%
Researchers successfully manipulated graphene's electronic structure to create faster and more reliable transistors. The work guides the use of rare-earth metal ions to modify graphene's band gap, enabling new applications in spintronics.
Researchers found that fast-paced songs stimulate spending, while ballads have little effect, as social density increases. In crowded stores, up-tempo music boosts average spending by 8% and motivates customers to buy more low-priced items.
NASA's Aqua satellite and International Space Station provided critical data on Tropical Storm Harvey, illustrating growing flood threats along the Texas coast. The storm is expected to produce heavy rainfall accumulations of 7-13 inches, with isolated totals reaching 50 inches in some areas.
Researchers found that birds use olfaction to navigate over long distances, outperforming previous theories about the role of Earth's magnetic field. The study tracked Scopoli's shearwaters and showed that anosmic birds followed a different orientation pattern during their return journeys.
Children from unintended pregnancies experience more depressive symptoms in early adulthood, but the study's findings suggest a causal relationship is unlikely. The research highlights the importance of social resources and socioeconomic background in shaping a child's development.
Researchers found that obese people have fewer enteroendocrine cells in the gut, reducing satiety hormones and altering appetite. Surgical weight-loss procedures can repair this disorder by restoring cell numbers and normalizing hormone release.
A discovery by two scientists at NREL could aid the development of next-generation semiconductor devices. They used ultraviolet light to modify the interface between two dissimilar semiconductors, creating a flawless interface and enabling the integration of different classes of semiconductors.
A new microfluidic cell culture device allows researchers to study the development of drug resistance in cancer cells in real-time. The system, developed by Princeton University and Johns Hopkins Medical Institute, provides a tool for preclinical cancer drug development and screening.
Researchers at NREL and EPFL achieved record efficiencies of 32.8% and 35.9% for dual-junction and triple-junction solar cells, respectively. The high-efficiency cells could reduce the cost of solar energy by up to 45 cents per watt.
A nationwide study found that women with PCOS have a four times greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes and are diagnosed at an average age of 31, compared to those without PCOS.
Researchers have discovered a new immunotherapy combination that effectively kills cancer cells, with promising results for treating aggressive breast and rare pediatric muscle cancer. The combination uses existing cancer drugs in a whole new way to stimulate the immune system.
A team of researchers has discovered a network of genes and genetic regulatory elements in the lining of the intestines that remains remarkably consistent across 420 million years of evolution. This conserved genetic signature is linked to various human diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, diabetes, and obesity.
Scientists mapped B-cell clone populations across the human body, discovering two broad networks that influence immune responses. The findings provide a new foundation for infectious disease research and could lead to tissue-specific immune monitoring assays.
Scientists identified network inefficiencies in six-month-old infants who later developed autism, with these abnormalities linked to severity of symptoms at 24 months. This study brings us closer to understanding the pathology of autism and developing effective interventions.
A new study by UC Santa Barbara researchers found that mothers exposed to very high levels of pesticides during pregnancy experienced increased risk of adverse outcomes, including a 5-9% increase in birth weight and preterm births. The study analyzed data from over 500,000 single births between 1997 and 2011.
A team of researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine has identified a type of neuron in the brains of mice that promotes sleep by turning off wake-promoting neurons. Lhx6-expressing cells play a central role in regulating both rapid eye movement and nonrapid eye movement sleep, with potential applications for treating various sleep disorders.
Researchers found a high incidence of cervical ribs in woolly rhino fossils, suggesting a vulnerable condition that may have contributed to their decline. The study suggests monitoring modern rhinos' vertebrae could indicate the level of extinction risk, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts.
A new method uses high-powered lasers to directly break down pollutants in contaminated soil, showing promise as a cheaper and more efficient decontamination technique. The process heats up the pollutant locally, fragmenting it into smaller, safer molecules.
A new study analyzing data from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry found no significant benefits of pre-hospital antiplatelet therapy in STEMI patients. The study suggests that pre-treatment may even pose a risk, particularly for patients with contraindications to antithrombotic therapy.
A large study found that high carbohydrate intake is linked to increased total mortality and non-cardiovascular mortality outcomes, while high fat intake is associated with lower risk. The study suggests that limiting total fat consumption may not improve health in populations.
A second Autonomous Terrestrial Laser Scanning system will be installed on Greenland's Helheim Glacier to monitor ice loss rates and improve sea level rise predictions. The new data will help understand glacier dynamics and variability, enabling better estimates of future sea level rise.
Researchers at Aalto University and the University of Helsinki have developed a method to improve metacognition using magnetic stimulation. The study showed that transcranial magnetic stimulation targeting the prefrontal cortex can enhance test subjects' ability to evaluate their performance in a tactile working memory task.
The CHANGE-DAPT trial found that following contemporary guidelines for dual anti-platelet therapy may not be preferable to older guidelines in reducing ischemic events, but increases major bleeding risk. Newer-generation drug-eluting stents have shifted the risk-benefit balance of ticagrelor in ACS patients undergoing PCI.
Research shows smooth-coated otters adopt a 'copy when young' strategy to solve puzzles, with young otters learning faster than parents. This social learning behavior may help improve reintroduction programs for endangered otter species.
A study by University of California, Riverside researchers found that two Bahamian songbird species likely became extinct due to habitat loss caused by rising sea levels and a warmer climate. The birds' habitats were pine grasslands found in cooler regions, which were lost when the islands became more tropical.
A large-scale study of 135,335 individuals across 18 countries found that a moderate intake of fruit, vegetables, and legumes can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and death. The study's findings indicate that consuming an average of 3-4 servings per day is as beneficial as higher amounts in reducing total mortality.
A study led by Columbia University Medical Center researchers found that boosting blood levels of osteocalcin reverses age-related memory loss in mice. Osteocalcin binds to a receptor called Gpr158 in the brain's memory center, and restoring youthful levels of the hormone improves cognitive function.
Research reveals that stingless bee queens rearing high rates of diploid males are sacrificed in up to 20 days, threatening the colony's survival. The emergence of these male bees with both paternal and maternal genetic material leads to reduced reproductive chances for the colony.
Researchers have found that bacterial cell wall constituents can cause abnormal clotting, leading to inflammation in Type 2 diabetes. A new treatment option involves using LPS-binding protein (LBP) to reverse this process, offering a new approach to treating the disease.
Researchers from Northeastern University have discovered that tiny carbon nanotubes can efficiently remove salt from seawater, offering a potential solution to global water scarcity. The novel system outperforms existing methods, with the potential to increase accessible drinking water from 0.007 percent to a higher percentage.
A long-term follow-up study found that many patients who received instructions to stop smoking before cosmetic surgery were more likely to quit or reduce their cigarette use. The study suggests that targeted messaging with specific examples of the negative effects of smoking may be an effective way to encourage smokers to quit.
A six-year study of nearly 1 million people found that autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and inflammatory bowel diseases increase cardiovascular risk and mortality. The study's results highlight the need for better tools to predict cardiovascular events in these populations.
Researchers explored non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma treatment to improve natural dyeing of leather, reducing environmental impacts. The study successfully demonstrated the activation of functional groups on goat hide surfaces, leading to significant improvements in coloration with commercially available natural dyes.
Researchers at Georgia State University discovered that a process called inverted-region electron transfer contributes to the high efficiency of solar energy conversion in photosynthesis. This mechanism can be used to design new and better types of artificial solar cells.
Researchers analyzed 9,000 proteins in bowel cancer cells to identify networks driving the disease. The study found that proteins can predict drug responses and suggests personalized medicine for patients.
Scientists at Case Western Reserve University have discovered that tiny holes and cracks in materials can control electric charge through friction. The findings could lead to better adhesion for agricultural pesticides, paints, and other applications, while also preventing damage from static electricity.
Georgina Stooke-Vaughan is investigating the mechanical development of the eye in zebrafish using a novel fluid-based method. The study aims to understand how cells divide, move and position themselves to form the complex organ.
Researchers have directly observed high-speed sub-microsecond ferroelastic domain switching in Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3 thin films, paving the way for ultrafast electromechanical switches and sensors. This finding is crucial for the development of high-performance piezoMEMS devices.
The HCM-EVIDENCE study validates ESC recommendations for predicting and preventing sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The risk prediction tool, HCM Risk-SCD, accurately distinguishes between high- and low-risk patients, with good agreement between predicted and actual SCD rates.
A Japanese study questioned the benefit of treat-to-target intensive statin therapy in patients with diabetic retinopathy, finding no significant reduction in cardiovascular events. However, subanalysis showed that reaching an LDL cholesterol target of less than 70 mg/dL significantly reduced primary endpoint incidence.
The Army-led Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology (MAST) Collaborative Technology Alliance has demonstrated futuristic robotic research platforms, showcasing state-of-the-art benchmarks. The program aims to develop small autonomous robots for collaborative operation with large systems in complex environments.
A study found that dark chocolate enriched with extra virgin olive oil is associated with increased endothelial progenitor cells and decreased carnitine levels, leading to improved cardiovascular health. The addition of natural polyphenols from olive oil also increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased blood pressure.