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Science News for July 12, 2017


Building a safer lithium-ion battery

Scientists have developed a new method to track lithium ions as they travel in a battery, which could help address the safety hazard of battery failure. The researchers used fluorescence microscopy and found a fluorescent label sensitive to lithium ions, enabling them to image and track lithium ions in a battery-like environment.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalACS Sensors·DateJul 12, 2017

Creating music by thought alone

Researchers have developed a hands-free musical instrument that can be controlled by thoughts, allowing people with motor disabilities to play music again. The Encephalophone collects brain signals and converts them into musical notes, providing a new avenue for rehabilitation and empowerment.

SourceFrontiers·JournalFrontiers in Human Neuroscience·DateJul 12, 2017

Study provides evidence for naturality of high-purity stevia leaf extract sweeteners

A recent study published in the International Journal of Food Science and Technology found that commercial-scale extraction and purification processes do not alter the steviol glycosides in high-purity stevia extracts. The research, conducted at the University of Bonn, provides evidence for the naturality of stevia, a popular plant-bas...

SourcePureCircle·JournalInternational Journal of Food Science & Technology·DateJul 12, 2017

No statistically significant risk of ID in children from mothers using antidepressants

A study examined the risk of intellectual disability (ID) in children born to mothers treated with antidepressants and found a slightly elevated risk, but it was not statistically significant. The researchers suggest that other factors such as parental age and psychiatric history may contribute to the risk.

Cyber attacks can threaten public health

A recent study highlights the growing threat of cyber attacks on information systems, with 64% of organizations reporting successful medical file targeted attacks in 2016. The authors stress the need to acknowledge public health implications of information security to improve dialogue and protect patient care.

SourceBrigham and Women's Hospital·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateJul 12, 2017

See-through heart tissue reveals hidden complexity

Researchers from Imperial College London have used a new technique called 'optical clearing' to image adult heart tissue in 3D, revealing intricate networks of tiny blood vessels and collagen scaffold. This breakthrough could help doctors monitor the spread of stiff scar tissue and track patient responses to treatments.

SourceImperial College London·JournalScientific Reports·DateJul 12, 2017

The wiser brain: Insights from healthy elders

Researchers analyzed brain activity of 100 healthy Portuguese adults and found that those with better cognitive abilities had more stable and structured brain network states. This study provides new evidence linking brain network dynamics to cognitive performance in later life.

SourceUniversity of Oxford·JournalScientific Reports·DateJul 12, 2017

Granular media friction explained: Da Vinci would be proud

Researchers have solved the equation describing solid friction on granular materials for an arbitrary number of dimensions. Their results are in excellent agreement with numerical solutions in 2 and 3 dimensions, making the model applicable to various industries such as construction and pharmaceuticals.

SourceSpringer·JournalThe European Physical Journal E·DateJul 12, 2017

Mathematical modeling could help with personalized cancer care

Researchers used mathematical modeling to examine patterns in lung cancer metastases, revealing a preferential pattern for brain spread in patients with EGFR mutations. The findings suggest that Markov modeling could help predict metastatic spread and personalize treatment for non-small cell lung cancer patients.

SourceIOP Publishing·JournalConvergent Science Physical Oncology·DateJul 12, 2017

Firearm-safety class rates in US little changed in 20 years

A study from the University of Washington found that only about three in five US firearm owners have received formal gun training, with notable gaps in content, particularly on warning signs of suicide. The lack of standardization and education on suicide prevention in firearm trainings has significant implications for public health.

Mulling over the aromas of wine

A new detector for acetaldehyde in wine has been developed, offering a more practical and accurate method for winemakers to monitor this critical ingredient. The device, tested on nine different wines, produced results comparable to traditional methods but with simpler operation and real-time output.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalACS Sensors·DateJul 12, 2017

Shortcut method in drug development

Researchers at Uppsala University develop a small-scale method to determine bioavailability of drugs within cells, facilitating early-stage drug development. The method takes into account how drugs 'disappear' when binding to cell components, offering a promising tool for pharmaceutical companies.

SourceUppsala University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateJul 12, 2017

Synthesizing the human genome from scratch

A team of scientists is working on synthesizing a human genome from scratch, tackling the technical and ethical challenges that come with it. They have already made significant progress in building smaller genomes, such as those of microbes, but still face significant hurdles in constructing the complex human genome.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalChemical & Engineering News·DateJul 12, 2017

Dignity Health St. Joseph's researchers discover indicator of lung transplant rejection

A new study published in Science Translational Medicine reveals that monitoring Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 7A (ZBTB7A) can be an early predictor of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). This discovery fills the void for a reliable marker, opening new opportunities for diagnosis and prevention.

SourceSt. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateJul 12, 2017

Research raises antibiotic questions

A recent study published in the British Journal of Surgery found that topical antibiotics are moderately effective but not justified due to limited information on adverse effects. The research highlights the need to fight antibiotic resistance and encourages a more cautious approach to their use.

SourceJames Cook University·JournalBJS·DateJul 12, 2017

Energy-recycling stairs might make climbing stairs easier

Researchers developed energy-recycling stairs that store user's energy during descent and return it during ascent, making stair negotiation easier for elderly and disabled individuals. This technology could be a more affordable alternative to elevators and stair lifts, allowing people to retain their ability to use stairs.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·DateJul 12, 2017

Taking cells out to the movies with new CRISPR technology

Researchers have developed a new CRISPR-based approach to store digital information in living cells, which can be used to record complex biological events and propagate information over time. The system encodes complex data, such as images and videos, into the genomes of bacteria, allowing for reconstruction of the original information.

Clinical trial looks at tramadol for opioid withdrawal

A randomized clinical trial found tramadol extended-release to suppress opioid withdrawal more effectively than clonidine, and similarly to buprenorphine. The study suggests tramadol ER as a promising medication for opioid use disorder treatment, but notes the need for further research.

SourceJAMA Network·JournalJAMA Psychiatry·DateJul 12, 2017

Carbon displays quantum effects

Researchers have observed carbon atoms exhibiting quantum effects, including wave-particle duality and tunneling behavior, in a reaction called the Cope rearrangement. At extremely low temperatures, the molecules can transition from one form to another without overcoming an energy barrier, a phenomenon known as tunneling.

SourceRuhr-University Bochum·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·DateJul 12, 2017

Football boosts bone development in boys

Playing football improves bone development compared to swimming and cycling, particularly after a year of training. The study found that adolescents who played football had better bones than those who engaged in non-weight-bearing sports.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalJournal of Bone and Mineral Research·DateJul 12, 2017

Experts call for a ban on children rugby tackling

Newcastle University experts warn of the dangers of rugby tackling in school sport, highlighting a 67% reduction in concussion risk from removing body checks in youth ice-hockey. The study calls for governments to protect children under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child by removing avoidable harm.

SourceNewcastle University·JournalBritish Journal of Sports Medicine·DateJul 12, 2017

Detecting long-term concussion in athletes

Researchers developed an AI signature to detect long-term concussion effects using artificial intelligence, detecting up to 90% accuracy. The tool could aid in diagnosing and treating concussion-related symptoms, which often persist for years after the injury.

SourceMcGill University·JournalEuropean Journal of Neuroscience·DateJul 12, 2017

Researchers study factors predicting school corporal punishment

New Penn State research reveals that Southern natives and average education level are key predictors of school corporal punishment use. The study found a correlation between parental corporal punishment and SCP, highlighting the potential negative impacts on children's social and behavioral well-being.

SourcePenn State·JournalChildren and Youth Services Review·DateJul 12, 2017

House dust spurs growth of fat cells in lab tests

Research found that small amounts of house dust containing endocrine-disrupting chemicals can spur fat cells to accumulate triglycerides and divide, promoting weight gain. The study suggests that indoor dust is a likely exposure source of chemicals disrupting metabolic health, particularly in children.

SourceAmerican Chemical Society·JournalEnvironmental Science & Technology·DateJul 12, 2017

Does a candidate's religion matter to voters?

A new analysis by University of Houston political scientists found that party labels, not religious affiliation, are the most powerful predictors of how voters perceive candidates. Party brand matters more than a candidate's religious views when it comes to shaping voter beliefs about ideology.

SourceUniversity of Houston·JournalResearch & Politics·DateJul 12, 2017

Improving diet quality over time linked with reduced risk of premature death

A study from Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that improving diet quality over time is associated with lower total and cardiovascular mortality. The study analyzed data from nearly 74,000 adults over a 12-year period and found that even modest changes in diet quality can significantly reduce the risk of death.

SourceHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health·JournalNew England Journal of Medicine·DateJul 12, 2017

Chronic liver inflammation linked to Western diet

A Western diet high in fat and sugar has been shown to cause hepatic inflammation in mice, especially in males, with FXR-deficient mice being more susceptible. The study found that probiotics and bile acid receptor agonists may hold promise for preventing and treating hepatic inflammation and progression into advanced liver diseases.

SourceElsevier·JournalAmerican Journal Of Pathology·DateJul 12, 2017

Blood test for early detection of pancreatic cancer headed to clinic

A newly identified biomarker panel correctly detects early pancreatic cancer in human cells, improving the ability to diagnose patients at different stages of their disease. The panel combines plasma thrombospondin-2 with CA19-9 levels for reliable detection of pancreatic cancer, potentially altering treatment outcomes.

SourceUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Medicine·JournalScience Translational Medicine·DateJul 12, 2017

Machine-learning techniques unlock benefit of weight loss for type 2 diabetes patients

A study applying machine learning techniques to the Look AHEAD Trial data found that 85% of participants experienced a clinically meaningful reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity through intensive weight loss intervention. However, 15% of subjects had an increased risk of cardiovascular events due to weight loss.

SourceThe Mount Sinai Hospital / Mount Sinai School of Medicine·JournalThe Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology·DateJul 12, 2017

RNA molecules live short lives

Researchers at University of Basel developed a new method to measure RNA molecule half-life, revealing most RNAs are short-lived, living less than 2 minutes. This challenges conventional methods and underlines importance of accurate measurements for cell cycle studies.

SourceUniversity of Basel·JournalScience Advances·DateJul 12, 2017

Common strength 'genes' identified for first time

A study led by the University of Cambridge identified sixteen common genetic variants linked to muscle strength, revealing biological insights into complex traits. The findings suggest that genetic variation in genes related to muscle function may influence differences in strength in the general population.

SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalNature Communications·DateJul 12, 2017

Data analysis in the kitchen

A study published in Frontiers analyzed traditional cuisines' flavor networks to develop a new principle behind cooking, called food-bridging. The research found regional clusters with distinct flavor patterns, and its mathematical representation, semi-metricity, may be applied to predict successful ingredient combinations.

SourceFrontiers·JournalFrontiers in ICT·DateJul 12, 2017

Should we screen for cirrhosis?

Liver specialists recommend screening high-risk patients for cirrhosis due to its growing prevalence as a cause of death, but others argue that the test's accuracy and cost-effectiveness are questionable. Implementing widespread screening could lead to disinvestment in other interventions and risks population health.

SourceBMJ Group·JournalThe BMJ·DateJul 12, 2017