A team at Cal Tech developed a novel approach to building a water force field, demonstrating its accuracy in predicting various properties of water. The new force field shows promise in improving drug design and understanding anomalous characteristics of water.
Researchers found that dietary sugars, particularly fructose and glucose, decrease the abundance of a protein called Roc required for Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron colonization. A resistant strain engineered by researchers outcompeted the wild-type strain in mice fed high-sugar diets.
The 2018 Monitoring the Future survey found a dramatic increase in teen vaping, with over 1 in 10 eighth graders and nearly 20% of high school seniors using nicotine vapes. Meanwhile, opioid misuse has dropped to record lows, with only 3.4% of 12th graders reporting past-year use.
A new study reveals that coral reef fish species at the extremes of the food chain, such as strict herbivores or predators, evolve faster than those in the middle with varied diets. This finding has valuable conservation implications for managing fisheries exploitation and preserving functional diversity on coral reefs.
A study by Michigan State University found that people with low self-control are more likely to fall victim to cybercrime involving Trojans, viruses, and malware. The research, which analyzed nearly 6,000 survey participants, identified impulsiveness as a key factor in increasing the risk of infection.
A study found that China, Europe, and North America experienced periods of reduced cumulative radiative forcing due to offsetting warming and cooling emissions. The regions' future contributions to CRF are expected to be larger than their past contributions, with China potentially emerging as a major contributor.
A recent study found that passive exposure to unfamiliar speech sounds can improve adult language learners' ability to discriminate speech sounds. Researchers from the University of Jyväskylä and Beijing Normal University used brain response measurements to measure discrimination ability after prolonged passive exposure.
Qualitative analyses suggest vaccine-based strategies can outperform antibiotic-centered approaches in certain cases, limiting AMR spread and preserving the human microbiome. Vaccine development is crucial to address growing AMR concerns, as indicated by studies highlighting vaccines' potential economic benefits.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found that people with lower incomes who practice cognitive reappraisal strategies experience reduced anxiety levels. The researchers analyzed data from experiments and a national survey to understand how socioeconomic status affects emotional regulation strategies.
A University of Arizona researcher found that India's strong freedom-of-information law, enacted in 2005, created a culture demanding government transparency. The study highlights the importance of collaboration between journalists, social activists, and civil society organizations to create a right-to-information agenda.
Researchers at the University of Würzburg have successfully applied U-ExM to image multi-protein complexes with unprecedented molecular resolution. This breakthrough resolves long-standing doubts about the method's reliability and preserves ultrastructural details.
Researchers found that three Daphnia species had distinct roots for settling in Northern Eurasia, shedding light on continental freshwater fauna formation. Genetic analysis revealed differences between populations and the approximate time of their divergence, with one species spreading quickly across the region.
The U.S. Department of Energy has approved the technical scope, cost estimate and plan of work for an upgrade of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), a major storage-ring X-ray source at Argonne National Laboratory. The resulting facility will allow researchers to view matter at the atomic scale in three dimensions, opening new frontiers ...
NASA's Terra satellite captured an infrared image revealing two small areas of strong thunderstorms with cloud top temperatures as cold as -63 degrees Fahrenheit. These conditions are indicative of heavy rain generation, suggesting the potential for further storm activity.
Research suggests that a novel protein called Nischarin may be a promising therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes. Studies found that Nischarin expression is suppressed in fat tissue of obese humans and that its disruption leads to insulin resistance in female mice, but not male mice.
Researchers at the University of Geneva have developed a new technique called Ultrastructure Expansion Microscopy (U-ExM), which allows for the visualization of cellular structures and protein complexes at a nanoscale. This method enables the detection of biochemical modifications and mapping of large intracellular molecular complexes.
A strong committed relationship provides a critical sense of belonging and motivation for living, buffering the risk of suicide among National Guard members. The study found that higher couple satisfaction reduces the association between mental health symptoms and suicide risk.
A team of researchers has found a surprising link between emergent magnetism and mechanical pressure in artificially engineered non-magnetic oxide heterostructures. The study reveals that the strength of magnetism can be controlled by applying pressure to the material, opening new routes for developing novel spintronic devices.
Researchers found that climate-driven economic losses can offset natural warming feedbacks, but this comes with increased inequality and reduced resources for mitigating climate change. The study suggests that climate-related economic activity slowdowns can temporarily reduce atmospheric CO2 levels.
Researchers developed Structural Unsupervised Viewlets Models (SUVMs) to recognize object categories, inspired by brain's unsupervised learning ability. The SUVMs performed well on the face dataset but underperformed on airplane images.
Researchers at Oregon State University have developed a new, physics-based methodology to design bridge connections and steel bearings to better withstand tsunamis. Their study found that the transmission of forces to supporting substructures changes significantly with modifications to vertical and horizontal stiffness.
A study published in Nature Human Behaviour found that people access memories 'forward' by recalling older information first and skipping episodic blocks. The researchers also discovered that memory replay does not occur at a constant speed but changes flexibly during recall.
Researchers at UMass Lowell have created a new class of metamaterial that can change the color of light, enabling on-chip optical communication. This technology could lead to smaller, faster, and more efficient computer chips with wider bandwidth and better data storage.
UCF researchers have developed a technique to hide information on materials by controlling absorption of light, making it visible only through infrared lenses or cameras. The technology has applications in anti-counterfeiting security, military assets identification, and dynamic camouflage.
Researchers at Harvard University have developed a new method for glycosylation, using a precisely designed hydrogen-bond-donor catalyst to attach sugars to molecules. This breakthrough could lead to the creation of crucial biomedical benefits such as new vaccines and drugs to treat human disorders and diseases.
Survivors of childhood Hodgkin lymphoma are at a significantly increased risk of developing various types of solid tumors over the long term. Certain subgroups of patients have an even higher risk, and these findings may help refine guidelines for cancer screening in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors.
Anxiety and depression are linked to increased odds for heart disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, stroke, but not cancer. Treating mental health conditions can cut healthcare costs, according to a new UCSF study.
A new study from Finland highlights the importance of post-mining land use planning to mitigate environmental impacts and retain local activities. The research shows that old mines can have far-reaching effects on landscape values, natural products, and community land use.
Three biologists have been selected as winners of the 2018 Faces of Biology Photo Contest for their outstanding contributions to communicating biological research through photography. The contest aims to inspire scientists to explore new ways to convey their work to the public.
Möbius kaleidocycles are ring linkages that can be turned inside-out continuously, inspiring wonder in engineers and mathematicians. The objects have unique properties, such as a one-sided surface, and could be used for designing new mixing machines, energy transmitting devices, or robotic arms.
A new app called Swift Skin and Wound measures wounds accurately, providing a way to clearly document and quantify wound size. The app is being used by clinicians and healthcare professionals at the McGill University Health Centre in Montreal to improve clinical management and patient outcomes for diabetic patients.
A URI researcher found that oyster aquaculture can limit the spread of disease among wild oysters. Aquaculture operations can reduce disease by filtering parasites from the water and holding oysters long enough to prevent their development. Intensive oyster aquaculture, when done correctly, can be beneficial for wild populations.
A new study reveals that approximately one-third of all US-born US citizens living in the US are considering leaving to live abroad. The main motivations cited are exploration, retirement, and dissatisfaction with their current situation. National identity and networks played a significant role in shaping these aspirations.
Research reveals pristine graphene can efficiently convert light into electricity with no special junctions, leading to potential improvements in solar panels and photodetectors. The unique electronic structure of graphene allows for long-distance energy transfer without excess electronic charge.
Researchers created both organic compounds and oxygen in the lab without life. The simulations, published by Johns Hopkins University, suggest that oxygen and organics can be produced abiotically, leading to false positives for life.
A new study finds that the Boston Harbor cleanup was economically justifiable, with an estimated value of restored ecosystem services between $30 and $100 billion. The analysis highlights the importance of considering the environmental value of an area post-cleanup rather than pre-cleanup.
Researchers created a patient-specific tumor 'organoid' model to identify the most effective treatment for each tumor. The study successfully generated organoids for nine out of 12 patients, demonstrating the potential for personalized medicine.
A team of scientists from The Ohio State University shared early results from a trio of studies aimed at improving models designed to guide agricultural practices for reducing the risk of nitrogen and phosphorous farm runoff. These models can help quantify the impact of fertilizer application timing on nutrient runoff.
Researchers at Stockholm University found a special gene PLD that helps plants stay healthy and resistant to oxygen deficiency when underwater. The study suggests that increasing the amount of this gene may help protect crops from flooding, improving harvest yields.
Researchers used high-resolution satellite imagery to assess the destruction of archaeological heritage in a remote region. Over 74% of analyzed burials were found to be destroyed and plundered, highlighting the urgent need for site protection.
Patients with heart failure who receive early follow-up by a physician within 7 days of emergency department discharge have lower risk of death and hospital admissions. The study found that 47% of patients were seen by a physician within a week, with the lowest death rate in those who received care within 7 days.
Researchers used the NIST Dragon to simulate ember attacks on thatched-roof buildings, revealing ignition occurred within 90 seconds and flames penetrated completely through the roofing assembly. The study's findings will help Japanese fire services develop effective counter measures and mitigate damage from large outdoor fires.
A new study found that plain packaging for tobacco products led to a five percent increase in sales price and an eight percent rise in hand-rolling tobacco prices. The research contradicts predictions made by the tobacco industry, suggesting they aimed to deter government implementation through increased prices.
A 12-month follow-up study found significant improvements in blood pressure among African-American men participating in a barbershop-based health program. The intervention reduced systolic blood pressure by 28.6 mm Hg, with an average reduction of 20.8 mm Hg greater than the control group.
A new study identifies medical conditions that increase the risk of self-directed violence among teens and young adults visiting emergency departments. These conditions include epilepsy, seizures, multiple pain visits, syncope, vomiting, and dental complaints, highlighting the importance of EDs in suicide prevention.
A new study challenges traditional theories that higher education determines job success in the UK. Employers focus on job readiness, highlighting social qualifications, specific skills, and cognitive abilities. This shift suggests employers seek marketable skills with immediate value to reduce training costs and enhance productivity.
Researchers found that those involved in field sports prioritize human mastery over wildlife rights, while conservation groups support protection and monitoring. Diversionary feeding was the most favoured technique among surveyed groups.
Researchers at CDDEP developed a global checklist for hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs to optimize antibiotic use and slow antimicrobial resistance. The seven-core component checklist was tested in 12 hospitals across nine countries, highlighting common barriers to implementation.
Researchers developed a new dielectric blood coagulometry (DBCM) method to assess Factor Xa (FXa) activity in patients treated with FXa inhibitors. The study showed that DBCM detected FXa inhibitor-specific changes in a manner similar to more complicated methods, offering a promising easy-to-use clinical treatment option.
New research reveals that plants are highly sensitive to touch, with repeated touching retarding growth by up to 30%. The study found that a major genetic defense response is triggered within 30 minutes of being touched, altering 10% of the plant's genome.
A randomized trial by Vanderbilt University Medical Center researchers found that magnesium boosts vitamin D status in people with low levels and reduces it in those with high levels. The ideal level of vitamin D is believed to be within the middle range of a U-shape, linked to the lowest risk of cardiovascular disease.
A UK-wide survey found that GPs are skeptical about AI's impact on their profession, with many believing technology can't replace empathic care. However, some GPs think AI can handle administrative tasks efficiently.
Rosana Molina, a Montana State University doctoral candidate, received a three-year F31 fellowship grant to develop more efficient two-photon excitation methods for neuroscience research. This technology enables deeper brain imaging and has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the brain.
Researchers propose RNAIII inhibiting peptides as a potential treatment strategy for S. aureus biofilm infections, which are notoriously difficult to treat due to their impermeable nature and enhanced virulence.
A new study by Stanford Medicine and Duke University finds that early physical therapy can reduce the risk of long-term opioid use by 7-16% for patients with musculoskeletal pain. Physical therapy is also associated with a 5-10% reduction in opioid dosage for those who do use them.
Researchers developed a computer model predicting prostate cancer progression using tumor genomes from nearly 300 patients. This enables clinicians to develop tailor-made treatments, potentially improving patient outcomes.
A new study led by Dr Constantine Manolchev from the University of Exeter Business School found that low-skilled workers in insecure employment do not form a unified 'precariat' to resist their bosses. The research contradicts the idea that these workers are united by working contexts.
Researchers at Rutgers University have developed a new model of cardiac muscle cells that can pump together, potentially treating heart failure. The newly created cardiac muscle cells were made to work cohesively through the over-expression of a protein called CREG.
A comprehensive genomic study found that BACE1 and SIRT2 have significant roles in Alzheimer's disease progression, while ADAM10 and SIRT1 levels are lower in affected individuals. The study also reveals correlations between enzyme expression and cognitive performance scores.
Researchers have developed an adhesive that can strongly adhere to wet materials like hydrogel and living tissue, and be easily detached with specific frequencies of light. This technology has the potential to enable painless detachment of wound dressings and transdermal drug delivery devices.