Science-oriented CubeSats like MinXSS can collect valuable data on solar flares and the Sun's atmosphere, consistent with large satellites. The success of these small satellites has led to new funding opportunities for CubeSat science missions.
The new standard will facilitate collaboration and cross-study analyses to ensure the highest return on research investments. By structuring data in a common format, researchers can focus on discoveries that will have invaluable impact on clinical research and global public health.
A new study suggests that mass drug administration (MDA) can reduce malaria infections in communities where participation is high. The findings highlight the importance of approaching communities in an engaging and appropriate manner to encourage their involvement in MDA.
Researchers from Kanazawa University discovered that genes turned on in response to inflammation are a major cause of gastric cancer. The study found that NOXO1, a component of the NOX1 complex, produces tissue-damaging molecules called reactive oxygen species, leading to mutations in stomach cells and tumor formation.
Research reveals that T-regulatory cells, which suppress the immune response, are driving tumor resistance to radiotherapy. Inhibiting EphB4-ephrinB2 interaction reduces T-reg cell activity, allowing immune cells to target cancer effectively.
The discovery of Kepler-47d, the third planet in the Kepler-47 circumbinary system, sheds light on the formation and composition of low-density planets. The new planet's size and location were unexpected, with it being the largest of the three planets in the system.
A new biomarker, TP53INP2, has been identified as a potential marker for personalized cancer treatments. This protein increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to death signals, such as TRAIL, enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy treatments.
A randomized clinical trial found that employees with workplace wellness programs reported better health behaviors after 18 months, including more regular exercise and weight management. However, there were no significant differences in other health outcomes or employment metrics.
Researchers from Otago Global Health Institute aim to increase TB notifications in Indonesia by implementing an electronic referral system and educating private healthcare providers. The study, funded by $650,000, will shed light on the issue of unreported TB cases and its impact on global health.
Rhythmic food intake drives liver gene expression independently of the molecular clock, regulating metabolic pathways and potentially leading to health issues like aging and obesity. The study's findings have implications for understanding circadian biology and the impact of timing on health.
A new estimation method for assessing natural variations in the sex ratio at birth was developed by an international team of researchers. The study found regional baseline SRB imbalances and identified 12 countries with strong evidence of sex ratio inflation, leading to fewer female births than expected.
Researchers found that bacteria can recognize themselves using phages, which helps them repel competitors and gain a fitness advantage.
Two proteins, glucocorticoid receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor, work together to support heart health in mice. The study's findings may lead to the development of therapeutic compounds that help people with an increased risk of a heart attack by regulating cortisol levels.
Researchers at MIT have developed a novel data-compression technique that leverages object-based compression to reduce memory usage and improve performance. The 'Zippads' technique compresses objects across the memory hierarchy, reducing memory consumption by half and improving computation speeds.
A team of international astronomers, including UNLV's Bing Zhang, has discovered a new way to spot neutron star mergers using a bright X-ray burst detected by NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. The observation validated predictions made in 2013 and provided a rare glimpse into how neutron stars are formed.
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) has approved $44.6 million to fund studies comparing the best ways to treat health conditions that impose high burdens on patients, caregivers, and the healthcare system. The newly approved awards focus on improving treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), with a total of four aw...
Researchers at Hiroshima University Hospital have developed an oral appliance to treat mild to moderate sleep apnea. The treatment, which brings the jawbone forward to enlarge air passageways, was found to halve sleep apnea episodes and widen airways in a study of 13 patients.
Researchers at King Abdullah University of Science & Technology found that bacterial communities can homogenize even with slow flowing water and persistent conditions. They identified a precise flow rate of 3.85 microlitres per second for homogenization to occur.
A recent study analyzing eight premodern states reveals that queen rulers and main wives exercised significant political power, including determining succession, governing policies, and influencing alliances. These women often wielded comparable power to their male counterparts, with agency extending beyond warfare.
A team of researchers is developing AI-powered mobile robots to direct a documentary-style coverage of a 5K race. The robots will predict likely events, adjust plans in real-time, and gather information as they go, capturing the most pertinent moments for an engaging narrative.
Researchers report a link between methamphetamine self-administration and imbalance of brain circuits responsible for addiction. Noninvasive brain stimulation may help control compulsive drug use in humans by targeting these circuit imbalances.
Research finds increased indicators of despair, including depression and suicidal ideation, among Gen X-ers in their late 30s and early 40s, regardless of demographic group.
Researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago found that injured miners who worked shifts longer than 9 hours tended to have irregular schedules or less than two years on the job. Long work shifts were associated with a 32% increased risk of injury resulting in death and a 73% increased risk of multiple worker injuries.
Researchers have found that logging practices can cause significant bedrock incision, eroding geology at a rate of up to 100 times the natural rate. The study, conducted on the Teanaway River in Washington state, shows that human activity has transformed the riverbank, creating new terraces and altering the landscape.
Spiders, including wolf spiders, react to irritating chemicals like allyl isothiocyanate in a similar way to mammals and humans, who have transient receptor potential channels that activate sensations like pain and taste. This reaction causes them to avoid eating insects coated with these chemicals.
Researchers found cold-resistant phenotypes in Alaskan Iñupiat and immune response genes in central Mexican and southeastern US populations. Genetic adaptations varied depending on population history and geography.
The study highlights the devastating impact of Venezuela's socioeconomic and political crisis on public health, with a significant increase in malaria cases. The country is now facing an 'epidemic of unprecedented proportions', with diseases turning into epidemics due to the collapse of healthcare systems.
Scientists at the University of Groningen have created a light-controlled switch that can be used to inhibit or stimulate bacterial communication. The molecule was tested on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and showed a strong response to light, inducing quorum sensing signals.
A new study in JAMA Pediatrics found that intimate partner homicide among teens is a serious public health issue, with 90% of victims being girls. The study analyzed data from the National Violent Death Reporting System and found that guns were the most common weapon used in these homicides.
Researchers develop a new method to create detailed structural models of proteins using force-driven simulations, reducing computational power requirements. The technique, inspired by metallurgy, allows for faster computation and more accurate results than existing approaches.
Aphid soldiers expel lipid-rich fluids to create a soft clot around the gall wound, which is swiftly hardened and melanin-darkened through phenoloxidase. This collective action amplifies an immune response for social defense, providing molecular clues to altruistic social defense mechanisms.
Researchers discovered close kin relationships among Stone Age individuals buried in megalithic tombs, suggesting a patrilineal society. The study found paternal continuity and an overrepresentation of males in some tombs.
Dr. Kelly Dorgan received a CAREER grant to study ecosystem engineering and bioturbation rates in marine sediments. She aims to improve nutrient regeneration and predict bioturbation patterns, benefiting ocean health.
A new study found that nearly half of dementia cases in low- to middle-income countries, such as China and India, could be prevented by addressing modifiable risk factors like education, hearing loss, and obesity. Improving childhood education and health outcomes throughout life may lead to significant reductions in dementia rates.
Scientists have developed a catalogue of DNA mutation 'fingerprints' caused by 41 environmental agents linked to cancer. The 'mutational signatures' can help doctors pinpoint the culprit responsible for a patient's tumour.
Researchers at the Santa Fe Institute and MIT find that continuous-time systems must have hidden states and finite hidden timesteps to exhibit two-time dynamics. This discovery has implications for understanding biomolecular processes, ecosystem evolution, and financial market behavior.
Researchers found threshold levels of circulating factor VIIa that prevented bleeding episodes in animal models, potentially leading to a new preventive treatment for patients with hemophilia who develop antibodies to standard maintenance therapy.
A new study estimates that the FDA's added sugar labeling policy could prevent nearly 1 million cases of cardiometabolic disease, including heart disease and type 2 diabetes, over a 20-year period. The label is expected to save $31 billion in net healthcare costs and $61.9 billion in societal costs.
A new strain of yeast can produce tagatose in much larger quantities than traditional enzymatic manufacturing techniques, making it a cost-effective alternative to sugar or high-fructose corn syrup. The glycemic index of tagatose is lower than that of sucrose and fructose, carrying a lower risk for developing Type 2 diabetes.
Researchers used mass cytometry to analyze millions of cancer and immune cells from 140 patients, discovering unique cellular compositions in each tumor. The study found that aggressive tumors are dominated by a single type of cell, while immune therapy may work for previously unsuitable breast cancer patients.
A new review suggests that social communication played a significant role in shaping the modern human face. The study, led by University of York researchers, concludes that our faces evolved not only due to factors like diet and climate but also to facilitate nonverbal communication and establish large social networks.
Nearly 2,200 adolescent homicides were analyzed; 150 were committed by an intimate partner, with nearly all female victims killed by firearm. The study highlights the need for understanding early adolescent dating relationships to inform prevention and intervention efforts.
Research on Caenorhabditis elegans reveals dopamine's role in sex-specific behaviors, such as food finding and mating strategies. The study demonstrates how dopamine acts through different molecular pathways to give rise to these differences.
Reducing household fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions in India could decrease mean annual ambient PM2.5 exposure by over 17%, averting premature mortality and meeting the national air quality standard for 103 additional districts. Complete mitigation of emissions from cooking alone would be necessary to achieve this goal.
A Rutgers-led study found that a two-hour introductory mindfulness class can be just as effective as an eight-week immersive course in reducing stress and depression among medical students. The research suggests that even brief meditation practices can lead to improved mental well-being, making it accessible for time-crunched individuals.
Researchers at ICFO have developed a graphene-enabled photodetector that operates at room temperature, is highly sensitive, and very fast. This breakthrough enhances the performance of existing terahertz detectors, paving the way for the creation of fully digital low-cost camera systems.
The 2018 Mississippi State University Row Crop Short Course presented topics such as nematode management, weed control, off-target movement of herbicides, and the economic outlook for row crops. Presentations are now available online through the "Focus on Cotton" series.
A team of researchers discovered a primitive class of meteorite containing a slice of carbon-rich material similar to extraterrestrial dust particles thought to have originated in comets near the outer edges of the Solar System. This finding provides insights into the Solar System's architecture and formation.
Global climate models can adequately simulate temperature variability at timescales of years to multiple millennia. The study suggests that with correct initial and boundary conditions, particularly in the deep ocean, forecasting temperature variations becomes more feasible.
A study analyzing vital registration, census, and survey data from 202 countries estimates sex ratio at birth for all countries between 1950 and 2017. The study reveals significant regional variations and findings a total of 23.1 million missing female births worldwide.
Researchers found three techniques: ambidextrous practices, secure networks, and stealthy defiance, which helped individuals resist strict rules and structures, leading to rule relaxation and market changes. These actions were crucial for consumers and individuals with limited resources to participate in shaping the market.
A large clinical trial found that statins reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in moderate-risk rheumatoid arthritis patients by 40%, but the difference was not statistically significant. Statins also lower LDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein levels, making them a safe treatment option for these patients.
A study found that regular cannabis users require significantly higher doses of sedatives like fentanyl and propofol for routine procedures. This may lead to increased risk of adverse side effects due to dose-dependent side effects.
Researchers found E-selectin in bone vascular environment supports early growth of cancer cells, promoting metastasis. Using sugar-mimetic compound Uproleselan, they show reduced bone metastasis and survival advantage in mice with human breast cancer cells.
A novel approach using pleasant odors could help smokers quit by reducing craving urges. Pleasant aromas significantly decreased urge scores in participants, with those smelling pleasant odors showing a greater reduction than tobacco or blank scents.
Researchers at UCLA designed a device that harnesses the charge from falling snow to create electricity. The snow-based triboelectric nanogenerator can work in remote areas without batteries, providing a continuous power supply for applications such as monitoring winter sports or tracking athletes.
A tiny piece of a comet has been discovered inside a primitive meteorite, providing insights into the solar system's structure and evolution. The finding is significant as it reveals details about how our solar system took shape during its early stages.
A University of Michigan researcher has found that the mechanics producing wheezing and crackling noises with every breath are likely a cause of injury and inflammation. This new understanding could change how lung diseases are treated and represent a paradigm shift in doctor-patient interactions.
A team of researchers unveiled an image of the shadow cast by a black hole at the center of galaxy Messier 87, using the Event Horizon Telescope and supercomputers like Stampede1 and Stampede2. The image confirms that supermassive black holes exist and match the appearance expected from simulations.
A new study found that female rats exposed to maternal immune activation during pregnancy exhibit autism- and schizophrenia-like behaviors, similar to their male siblings. The researchers argue that this limitation may contribute to conflicting results in the field of psychiatric disorders.