Researchers at New York University have discovered a new type of magnet that exhibits unique properties, including sudden transitions and strong coupling with electric currents. This discovery has the potential to enhance data storage technologies and improve performance bottlenecks.
Researchers detail sticky situations at the nanoscale, finding that miniscule differences in surface roughness can cause significant changes in adhesion. Their theory predicts an increase in interface toughness as roughness increases, with potential applications in micro-electro-mechanical systems and nanoscale patterning.
Researchers identified compounds that can reduce mosquito hunger for blood, acting on hormone pathways. The study used Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and found a drug capable of inhibiting biting and feeding behaviors.
A novel synthetic DNA vaccine targeting the Mayaro virus envelope protein provides complete protection from disease in preclinical studies. The vaccine induces potent protective and virus-specific immune responses, including neutralizing antibodies and cellular responses.
A new reversal agent, andexanet alfa, effectively stopped acute life-threatening bleeding in patients taking factor Xa inhibitor blood thinners. Researchers found that good or excellent hemostasis occurred in 81.7% of patients after administering the reversal agent.
A clinical trial, REACH, is examining the safety and use of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and a vaginal ring in adolescent girls and young women in southern Africa. The study aims to expand HIV prevention choices for this disproportionately affected population.
Perovskite-based solar cells have shown promise in recent years due to their simplicity, flexibility, and energy efficiency approaching those of traditional silicon-based cells. Researchers at Georgia Tech, UC San Diego, and MIT have reported new findings that could lead to devices with improved performance and longer lifetimes.
A new analysis of over 11.5 million medical papers found that almost three-quarters do not report outcomes for men and women. Female authors are more likely to report on sex-differences, highlighting the importance of diversity in research and the scientific workforce.
Researchers tested cleaner wrasse for self-awareness using a mirror test, finding that fish respond to their reflection and attempt to remove marks. The study raises questions about how to assess animal intelligence and challenges previous assumptions about self-awareness in non-human animals.
Researchers discovered that cancer cells growing in lymph nodes prefer to use fatty acids rather than glucose as an energy source. The metabolic adaptation was found to be triggered by the activation of yes-associated protein (YAP), which stimulates fatty acid oxidation in metastatic tumor cells.
Researchers from Yangzhou University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences create a metal-free photocatalyst that can purify pathogen-rich water in 30 minutes with over 99.9999% disinfection efficiency under visible light irradiation. The catalyst's high activity and low ecotoxicity make it a promising approach for global clean water sca...
The study found that mechanical clot removal is safe and effective for stroke patients with minimal brain tissue damage, but larger strokes and longer treatment times lead to worse outcomes. Functional independence rates decreased as stroke size increased, while complications like brain bleeds and deaths increased significantly.
A new study found that disruptions in women's education in sub-Saharan Africa are partly responsible for the stall in declining fertility rates. The research used detailed data on over two million births and found that cohorts affected by educational discontinuities in the 1980s tend to have higher levels of fertility.
A team of scientists has developed a protein sensor that allows them to visualize where nicotine collects inside cells, revealing its effects on neural cells and the nature of nicotine addiction. The sensor, composed of a special protein, detects nicotine molecules and activates fluorescent proteins to glow brightly.
Game behavior can be analyzed to predict a person's personality features, including gender. Researchers used machine learning on large amounts of game data from the Steam gaming platform to make accurate predictions. The study shows that even limited information about gameplay and achievements can provide good predictive values.
Researchers developed an adaptive textile that self-regulates its thermal properties based on the wearer's body temperature and humidity. The textile, made from infrared-sensitive yarn, can passively cool the body through radiative cooling and alter heat radiation by up to 35%.
A study published in the American Journal of Public Health found that medical problems contributed to 66.5% of all bankruptcies, with 530,000 families affected annually. The study suggests that health insurance offers little protection to middle-class Americans and that private health insurance is a defective product.
New research reveals that male butterflies prefer partners with similar wing markings, linked to a specific genome region. This genetic structure promotes long-term evolution and limits inter-species breeding, contributing to the formation of new species.
Researchers use genetic analysis to determine when certain groups of bacteria evolved, providing insight into early environments and animal life. They found that three major groups of soil bacteria diversified around 450-350 million years ago, likely in response to changes in the environment.
The Zwicky Transient Facility has identified thousands of new objects in the night sky, including binary star systems and black holes. The facility's automated alert system has successfully generated over 1.2 million alerts each night, sharing data with survey partners who are experimenting with machine-learning classification systems.
Researchers found that measuring the brightness of light alone is not enough to infer stratospheric aerosols, highlighting the need for an instrument with precise polarization measurements. A specialized Earth-orbiting instrument is necessary to obtain comprehensive information on aerosol properties and distribution.
Scientists at George Mason University have identified a measurable indicator of cofilin dysfunction, a key protein regulating cell migration. This discovery may lead to new therapies to repair immune damages and potentially achieve a functional cure for HIV.
A study analyzing 10 episodes each from the original Venezuelan telenovela 'Juana la Virgen' and its US remake 'Jane the Virgin' found that the American adaptation has more sex, violence, and alcohol use. In contrast, it also features more pro-health messaging.
Researchers have discovered that immune cells produce brain chemicals like acetylcholine to fight off infections and control chronic virus infections. This breakthrough, published in Science, solves a puzzle scientists have pondered for over a century.
Researchers introduce a new approach to analyzing genome content in animals, resolving long-standing debates about the origin and development of tissues and organ systems. The method yields consistent results with classical views of animal phylogeny, shedding light on early evolutionary history.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati found significant levels of nicotine on children's hands, even when caregivers did not smoke in their presence. The study suggests that indoor smoking bans may not fully protect children from exposure to tobacco smoke residue.
Studies highlight the importance of treating IBD as a whole person, including reproductive and mental health aspects. Patient-provider communication is key to improving health outcomes and addressing emotional exhaustion associated with IBD.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have developed a theoretical framework that describes how pollen patterns form through phase separation. This discovery provides new insights into the intricate structures found in nature and could lead to the development of innovative materials.
A new cancer drug called tisotumab vedotin has shown significant promise in treating various types of cancer, with a response rate of up to 27% in patients with advanced, drug-resistant cancers. The treatment works by releasing a toxic substance to kill cancer cells from within and has manageable side effects.
A new study called REACH seeks to understand the safety and acceptability of a daily oral tablet called Truvada (PrEP) and a monthly vaginal ring containing an antiretroviral drug called dapivirine. The study aims to enroll 300 young women and girls ages 16-21 in four African countries, providing them with choices in HIV prevention.
Tropical Cyclone Gelena is strengthening off Madagascar's northeastern coast, with forecasters predicting rapid intensification and a close passage to Mauritius. The storm will reach peak winds of 120 knots on Feb 9 as it approaches Rodrigues Island.
Research from the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute found that drivers using hands-free electronic devices are less likely to get into a crash. The study analyzed data from over 3,400 drivers and found that hands-free cell phone use was associated with a lower crash rate in some cases.
Recent studies lending support to the 'grandmother hypothesis' suggest that post-reproductive lifespan is linked to grandmotherly help, which declines with age. The research found that maternal grandmothers aged 50-75 increased grandchild survival, but paternal grandparents over 75 had a detrimental effect.
Researchers have reproduced an exotic form of magnesium, magnesium-40, which has led to unexpected findings about its nuclear structure. The study suggests that Mg-40 may be football-shaped, with the added neutrons forming a halo nucleus, and this discovery challenges current theories.
Scientists at the Institute of Process Engineering and Yangzhou University developed a green water-purification system that purifies pathogen-rich water in 30 minutes, killing over 99.9999% of bacteria like E. coli. The system uses graphitic carbon nitride sheets and does not leave behind secondary pollution or heavy-metal-ion residues.
A retrospective review of microsurgery performed on 18 Grammy Award-winning singers reveals effective surgical interventions, including the use of a KTP laser, to improve vocal function. The study also highlights emotional and psychosocial factors considered when treating vocal-cord disease in elite performers.
The University of Illinois Chicago will lead a $3 million project to design and develop GAMEPLAY, a system that identifies security vulnerabilities in web software. Once identified, the system will generate patches for these vulnerabilities, known as exploits, to improve software security.
Researchers are unsure if microplastics cause harm to people as they accumulate in the body and organs, with varying effects depending on composition and additives. Microplastics have been identified in human feces, raising concerns about potential health risks.
A Tel Aviv University study finds a link between chronic pain syndrome fibromyalgia and post-traumatic physical and psychological distress from childhood sexual abuse. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy sessions are shown to be an effective treatment for survivors, improving quality of life and brain functionality.
Researchers developed an antibody to target TDP-43 protein aggregates in mouse brains, resulting in significant improvements in cognitive and motor performance. The breakthrough paves the way for immunotherapy development for ALS and frontotemporal dementias.
A new study estimates that 3.9 million US adults misused prescription opioids annually, with risk factors including co-occurring substance use disorders and psychological distress. Prescribers should be vigilant about potential misuse among patients prescribed potent opioid medications for long-term use.
Researchers at George Washington University found that decentralized systems perform better when individual parts are less capable, as overly smart components lead to overcorrections and mistakes. This discovery has potential applications in company structure, autonomous vehicles, AI algorithms, and even biological evolution.
A Cornell University team developed a smart control system that reduces energy usage by up to 10% by predicting accurate weather forecasts and building characteristics.
SUTD researchers have developed a novel method to fabricate microfluidic channels using fluoropolymers, offering chemical and solvent compatibility. This approach enables rapid fabrication of microchannels in under an hour, opening up new possibilities for various applications.
A study by University of Toronto researchers found that four crops (soybeans, wheat, rice, and corn) now dominate globally, with only 152 out of 153 main crops being grown. This trend has implications for regional food sovereignty, ecological resilience, and pest/disease management.
Resident sand fiddler crabs prevail when challenged by intruders due to a home advantage in claw pinching strength. The researchers found that residents only need strength to win contests, while intruders require both strength and stamina.
A University of Oklahoma study found that insects not only crave salt but also search for it in their habitats. The researchers discovered that insects from 'bland to salty' grasslands were attracted to plots with simulated cow urine, indicating a preference for sodium.
Researchers have spotted a massive young stellar object with a jet emitted by a fledgling star, shedding light on the early lives of stars. The observations were made possible by ESO's MUSE instrument, which has been improved by the addition of Adaptive Optics Facility.
A team of researchers studied the evolution of plants and fungi over 1 billion years to find that their coexistence played a key role in shaping their biodiversities. The study found that fungal colonization of land was associated with the emergence of terrestrial green algae, which preceded the origin of land plants.
A new study by researchers at The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston found that individuals with access to guns were approximately 18 times more likely to have threatened someone with a gun, while most mental health symptoms were unrelated to gun violence. Limiting access to guns is key to reducing gun violence.
Acne relapses are associated with impaired quality of life and significant productivity loss, affecting millions of people worldwide. In Metropolitan France, acne relapses result in 350,000 lost days per year.
The University of Texas at Arlington has received a $295,000 USDA grant to develop data-based agriculture solutions. The project aims to prepare students for careers in agriculture-related fields and promote sustainable farming practices.
A palaeontologist is researching the evolution of a mineralised vertebrate skeleton, which led to an explosion in species diversity around 500 million years ago. The unique nanocrystal structure allows for flexibility and stability, enabling species to conquer new habitats and ecosystems.
Mitochondrial researchers at the University of Freiburg discovered a critical role for the metabolite channel porin/VDAC in protein import into mitochondria. The study shows that porin/VDAC stimulates carrier protein import independently of its channel activity, forming an 'elegant mechanism' to regulate mitochondrial function.
A recent study found that older adults with depression have slower walking speeds and shorter step lengths compared to those without depression. Gait problems may represent a modifiable risk factor for depression, highlighting the importance of identifying individuals at higher risk for earlier intervention.
Researchers studied Syrian hamster brain changes during hibernation and found that phosphorylated tau, a protein implicated in AD, is rapidly reversed upon waking. Hibernating animals show high levels of long-chain ceramides, which may help protect neurons from oxidative damage.
A new review highlights the need for targeted approaches to address cancer therapies' impact on bone health. Efforts to limit these effects have largely relied on anti-resorptive agents with limited assessment of fracture risk reduction.
Researchers studied genome sequences of various species to understand the genetic factors behind limb loss in snakes. By analyzing gene regulatory elements, they found that only one gene was lost in snakes, but not its associated regulatory element, suggesting a more complex process.
Researchers found that female manakins can produce a male-specific 'chee-poo' vocalization when implanted with testosterone, while untreated females cannot. In contrast, juvenile males who received testosterone exhibited vocalizations closer to those of treated females than adult males in the wild.
A study examining EMS response times to motor vehicle crashes found longer response times associated with higher mortality rates, particularly in rural areas. Prolonged response times accounted for nearly 10% of fatalities in rural/wilderness areas and 14% in urban/suburban areas.