Jaime Cury, a renowned researcher at UNICAMP Dental School, received the 2019 William H. Bowen Research in Dental Caries Award for his extensive contributions to cariology research. He has published over 326 peer-reviewed publications on fluoride mechanisms and oral health.
Scientists found high levels of clinically relevant AMR bacteria in urban wildlife in Nairobi, carrying a significant risk to human health. The study highlights the importance of taking an ecological approach to addressing antimicrobial resistance by improving urban planning and waste management practices.
Jessica Scoffield, a microbiologist, receives the AADR Procter & Gamble Under-represented Fellowship for her research on commensal bacteria and polymicrobial pulmonary and oral infections. The fellowship aims to support early-career researchers from underrepresented groups in increasing representation at the faculty level.
Research found statin therapy significantly reduced stroke risk and overall cardiovascular events in cancer patients who underwent radiation therapy for chest, head, or neck cancer. The study also showed a strong trend toward reduction in cardiovascular deaths.
A study found that Connecticut's Mobile Crisis Intervention Service reduced ER visits for children and youth with acute behavioral health needs by 22% compared to those who received emergency care. The program provided timely mental health interventions and services, resulting in lower rates of follow-up episodes.
Angela Salcedo, Saif Khan, and Hui Chen have been recognized as the 2019 recipients of the IADR STAR Network Academy Fellowship. The fellowship supports research experience in renowned labs before or after attending the IADR General Session.
A Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health study found that thousands of Arkansas adults lost insurance coverage after implementing Medicaid work requirements, with most not gaining new coverage and becoming uninsured due to confusion and red tape. The policy did not achieve its goal of getting people into new jobs or private insurance.
Researchers found that unpleasant odors improve memory for images paired with the bad smell 24 hours later, as well as for related images. Individuals with larger arousal responses had better memory recall. The study suggests that aversive odors can be used to examine emotional learning and memory processes across development.
Newell Johnson, a renowned researcher, has been awarded the 2019 Global Oral Health Research Award by the International Association for Dental Research. Johnson's extensive work on epidemiology, aetiology, and management of common and serious oral diseases has addressed inequalities in global oral health.
A new study predicts that Greenland's ice sheet could lose up to 25% of its ice by 3000, contributing up to 6.5 feet of sea level rise if greenhouse gas emissions are cut significantly.
Toxoplasma gondii parasites replicate by hijacking the host cell's starvation response, extracting essential amino acids like arginine. This discovery suggests promising new drug targets to treat intracellular pathogens.
Researchers are calling for a shift in river management to prioritize long-term risk assessment and adaptive management. The current tools are no longer effective due to increasing climatic uncertainty, and new models must be able to anticipate future shocks and manage biodiversity.
A study has characterised two distinct populations of gut immune cells, which could help scientists develop treatments targeting inflammation while preserving healthy gut function. The 'good' cell population helps keep the gut lining healthy, while the 'bad' cells cause excessive inflammation and are associated with inflammatory diseases.
Yvonne L. Kapila, a Professor in Orofacial Sciences at the University of Michigan, is recognized for her outstanding mentoring efforts, having mentored over 100 students and trainees globally.
Researchers developed a contactless cardiac arrest AI system using real 911 calls from Seattle. The algorithm detected agonal breathing 97% of the time from up to 20 feet away, and can function like an app on smart speakers or smartphones.
Three researchers win IADR Innovation in Oral Care Awards for developing novel treatments for craniofacial bone defects and periodontitis, with focus on growth-factor-free approaches.
Scientists at Ruhr-University Bochum have developed nanocatalysts made from cobalt iron oxide that achieve high reaction rates in oxygen generation without the need for binders. The catalysts exhibit exceptional stability under extreme conditions, making them a promising alternative to expensive precious metal catalysts.
A recent multicenter analysis found that including diverse populations in large-scale genomic studies is critical for reducing health disparities and accurately representing genetics-related disease risks. The study identified 27 new trait-variant associations, furthersing our understanding of the genetic architecture of traits.
The latest Nature Index annual tables reveal that smaller institutes are punching above their weight, with Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory and the Institute of Science and Technology Austria leading the normalized rankings. These institutions have common features such as ambition, interdisciplinarity, and backing from Nobel laureates.
Isabelle Denry received the 2019 Wilmer Souder Award in Dental Caries Award for her contributions to ceramic development and bone replacement. Her research focuses on resorbable bioactive glassceramic scaffolds for dental applications.
Concordia researchers develop a new technique to detect obstructions in bi-leaflet mechanical heart valves, which can help identify potential issues with blood flow. The method uses particle image velocimetry and phase-contrast MRI to simulate blood flow patterns, allowing for non-invasive detection of valve dysfunction.
A Université de Montréal study found that five- and six-year-old inattentive boys are more likely to report lower incomes at 33 to 35 years of age compared to their pro-social peers. Pro-social children, on the other hand, are on a trajectory leading to better-paying jobs.
Researchers developed new electrolytes containing multiple additives to improve lithium-ion battery performance across a wider temperature range. The optimized combination enhanced discharging performance and long-term stability at low temperatures, while also improving cycling stability at higher temperatures.
Researchers at the University of Tsukuba developed a novel process for generating coherent lattice waves in silicon crystals using ultrashort laser pulses. This breakthrough may lead to the creation of faster and more efficient quantum computers.
Nick Fang is analyzing regional drainage and proposing recommendations to prevent future flooding in nine southeast Texas counties. His research has the potential to change not only an area but the entire state, saving property and improving flood warning systems.
A new scoring system measures the impact of living with multiple chronic illnesses, revealing a faster decline in thinking and memory abilities for those with higher scores. People with higher multimorbidity scores are also more likely to die by suicide and experience poor mental well-being.
A recent study published in Nature Communications proposes that a significant rise in oxygen levels during the Cambrian period was triggered by extraordinary changes in global plate tectonics. This increase in oxygen led to a surge in photosynthesis and oxygen production, allowing a diverse range of animal life to thrive.
A new study reveals that Antarctic marine life took over 320,000 years to recover after the mass extinction event that wiped out the dinosaurs. It wasn't until up to one million years later that the number of species on the sea floor returned to pre-extinction levels.
Stephen Birch, a renowned researcher at the University of Queensland, has been recognized for his outstanding contributions to dental research with the 2019 Behavioral, Epidemiologic and Health Services Research Award. He is celebrated for his extensive publications and collaborations on various oral health themes.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine reanalyzed preexisting molecular data with new disease-causing genes and genetic knowledge, increasing the diagnostic rate nearly doubling it in one cohort. The computational pipeline facilitated semi-automated reanalysis, reducing labor intensity and cost.
A new study from Washington State University found that witnessing poor customer service can prompt bystanders to punish the employee through lower tips, regardless of whether they were directly affected. However, a manager's intervention with an apology can help reestablish trust and reduce hostility.
IDIBELL researchers have discovered a biomarker that predicts resistance to the chemotherapy drug docetaxel in triple-negative breast cancer. The study found that tumors with an amplified chromosome 12 region are more likely to develop resistance to docetaxel, but may be vulnerable to alternative treatment with carboplatin.
Overweight and obesity rates decreased significantly among low-income children enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) between 2010 and 2016. The declines were seen across all age, sex, and racial/ethnic subgroups, with obesity rates dropping from 15.9% to 13.9%.
Researchers identified Roseburia intestinalis as a gut bacterium triggering antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome. The study suggests that eliminating this bacterium may help decrease antibody levels and open doors for future treatment options.
A new statistical analysis published in the Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America has found no correlation between deep-sea fish appearances and earthquakes in Japan. Despite long-held folklore suggesting otherwise, researchers have only identified one potentially correlated event out of 336 sightings and 221 earthquakes.
A Finnish study finds that food neophobia, a fear of new foods, is associated with poorer dietary quality and increased risk of chronic diseases. Food neophobia was linked to lower intakes of fibre, protein, and monounsaturated fatty acids, and higher intakes of saturated fat and salt.
Researchers found a microscopic valve-like structure in slow-growing ponderosa pines provides greater safety against drought but slows water transport, limiting growth rate. The study suggests there is a fundamental tradeoff between drought resistance and growth rate in these trees.
A world-first study uses 'good viruses' to eliminate targeted bacteria in green sea turtles without harming non-targeted 'good bacteria'. Researchers have identified the potential for phage therapy as an alternative treatment for bacterial infections in marine animals.
A Mount Sinai study reveals that over 30% of heart disease risk is attributed to genetic factors, surpassing previous estimates. Researchers identified 28 independent gene networks active in coronary artery disease and found an additional 11% contribution to the inherited risk.
A four-year study found that vosoritide increased the average annual growth rate of children with achondroplasia by nearly 2 centimeters per year, bringing it close to average stature. The treatment also showed sustained effects and was generally well-tolerated.
Researchers at CNIO discover cohesin's new functions in pluripotency and genome architecture, shedding light on cancer development and rare diseases. Cohesin-SA2 regulates Polycomb domains, maintaining chromatin organization.
Climate change is putting pressure on river ecosystems, with iconic species like the Murray cod in danger of disappearing. Researchers outline a four-part plan for an 'adaptive' approach to river management, including forecasting tools and process-based models that can track and predict ecosystem changes.
Current research in belowground botany is advancing our understanding of plant root systems, their structure, and function. New technologies like digital imaging of root traits are enabling scientists to study root systems more effectively.
The Japanese black tea market has seen a resurgence in recent years, driven by innovation and demand for high-quality products. However, the shift towards direct-to-consumer sales presents unique challenges for farmers, including access to feedback from consumers and adapting production techniques to meet evolving consumer preferences.
Good heart and lung fitness in middle age is associated with a lower long-term risk of chronic lung disease (COPD). Physical activity boosts fitness may delay development, progression, and death from COPD. Studies have suggested that high physical activity levels are associated with reduced COPD risk.
Researchers found that eating two or more weekly servings of yogurt was associated with a lower risk of developing conventional adenomas and those highly likely to become cancerous. The observed associations were strongest for adenomas located in the colon rather than the rectum.
Researchers at ETH Zurich discover that T cells can activate using either SHP-2 or SHP-1 when PD-1 is inhibited, highlighting the need for dual-targeted therapies in cancer immunotherapy. The study provides new insights into the biochemical signaling pathway of PD-1 and its implications for immunology.
Researchers at Rice University developed a method to increase the efficiency of solar-powered desalination systems by concentrating sunlight into 'hot spots' using inexpensive plastic lenses. This approach boosts output by more than 50% and increases purified water production, addressing global water scarcity issues.
A new study suggests that periodic closures of fishing grounds can promote fish stock recovery while still providing enough to eat. The researchers found that well-managed fisheries with pulse harvests achieved better outcomes than those with permanent no-take MPAs.
Experts warn that leaving microbes out of the climate conversation has major consequences. Microbes are crucial in regulating climate change, supporting animal and human health, agriculture, and the global food web. Climate change impacts microbial populations, exacerbating disease spread and threatening global food supplies.
Researchers have successfully developed a ferroelectric FET with ferroelectric-HfO2 and ultrathin IGZO channel, demonstrating nearly ideal subthreshold swing and mobility higher than poly-silicon. The device achieves low-power, high-speed, and high-capacity memory capabilities.
A new analysis reveals that energy availability and benign climate conditions played a crucial role in shaping societal development over the past 10,000 years. The study found that abundant energy led to societal expansion and prosperity, while declining energy sources resulted in contraction and collapse.
A study published in the Journal of Neuromuscular Diseases reveals four clinical characteristics associated with secondary modifying genes in CMT1A. The researchers identified significant genomic loci containing candidate genes that could explain disease variability and potentially predict natural course of disease.
Biodiversity expert Dr. Díaz emphasizes the interconnectedness of all living organisms, stressing that land use changes pose the greatest threat to biodiversity. She advocates for an interdisciplinary approach to sustainability and praises her team's efforts in developing a comprehensive understanding of ecosystems.
Researchers used high-resolution microscopic techniques to fine-tune climate records, revealing a correction factor for coral-based sea-surface temperature measurements. The study improves the accuracy of global climate predictions.
Researchers found that antidepressant treatment, rather than depression itself, leads to reduced neural responses and empathy towards pain in patients. This effect may help patients recover from social interactions more easily.
A recent study found that adequate protein intake is associated with a reduced risk of frailty and prefrailty in older women. Protein sources such as animal-based foods may also play a role in preventing frailty. The recommended daily protein intake for older adults is around 77g, equivalent to about 1.1-1.3g per kg body weight.
College students who viewed objectified women in alcohol ads had lower intentions to intervene in sexual assault situations. Exposure to these ads and perceptions of women's powerlessness contributed to negative treatment of women.
A team of researchers from the University of Würzburg has discovered a connection between two important regulators of cell division in lung cancer. The interaction between YAP and MMB protein complexes may be a key target for cancer therapy.
Research by University of Wisconsin-Madison sociologist Nathan Seltzer found a strong link between the share of goods-producing industries and fertility rates. His analysis showed that metropolitan areas with steeper declines in manufacturing businesses experienced steeper declines in fertility rates.