A new study presented at ENDO 2019 found that the A1c test used to diagnose diabetes tends to underestimate its prevalence. The test missed detecting 73% of diabetes cases compared to the oral glucose tolerance test, highlighting its limitations.
A new study presented at the Endocrine Society's annual meeting suggests that eating later in the day is associated with a higher body mass index and greater body fat. The research used advanced technology to track participants' sleep, physical activity, and eating patterns over a week-long period.
Researchers found that older adults with type 1 diabetes spend more than an hour per day in the hypoglycemic range, increasing their risk of severe complications. This study highlights the need for interventions to reduce the risk of severe hypoglycemia in this age group.
A team of researchers from Tokyo Metropolitan University has demonstrated that the tunable hydrophobic nature of dense siloxane gels strongly correlates with their catalytic activity. The study shows that molecules with different hydrophobicity interact differently with surfaces, leading to increased or decreased catalytic activity.
A meta-analysis of 473 patients found that weight loss reduces headache frequency, pain intensity, and disability in obese migraine sufferers. Weight loss through bariatric surgery or behavioral intervention also shows significant improvements.
Transgender men undergoing testosterone therapy may retain their fertility potential even a year into treatment, according to researchers. The study found preserved ovarian function and unchanged hormone levels, suggesting well-preserved reproductive capabilities.
The Endocrine Society's Clinical Practice Guideline recommends simplifying medication regimens and tailoring glycemic targets to improve compliance and prevent complications in older adults with diabetes. The guideline prioritizes blood glucose targets over hemoglobin A1c tests, aiming to reduce cardiovascular disease outcomes.
Researchers at McMaster University have developed a method to create artificial tumours using magnetic 3D printing, enabling faster and more affordable testing of new treatments. The technique uses magnets to concentrate human cells in a predetermined area, forming 3D cell clusters that mimic human tissues.
A new study suggests that obesity may play a role in reproductive problems in women with type 1 diabetes. Menstrual irregularities were seen in 47% of those with the disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was found in 14%, increasing the risk of miscarriages and stillbirths.
A study found that sleep quality decreases in the late luteal phase, just before menstruation, with less sleep efficiency, longer wake after sleep onset, and higher sleep fragmentation index. Caloric restriction also negatively affects sleep during this period.
Researchers have developed a new catalyst that can efficiently break down ammonia in the air, converting it into harmless nitrogen gas and water. The catalyst, made of gold nanoparticles on a metal oxide framework, is effective at room temperature and has been shown to reduce gases contaminated with ammonia to undetectable levels.
A new animal study suggests that exposure to dim light at night may contribute to the spread of breast cancer to bones. Researchers created a mouse model of bone metastatic breast cancer and found that mice exposed to a light/dim light cycle had larger tumors and increased bone damage compared to those in a standard light/dark cycle.
A study found that people with diabetes are at a higher risk of fractures, particularly among Caucasians and Hispanics. However, African Americans with diabetes showed little to no increased fracture risk compared to those without diabetes.
A new study by The Endocrine Society found that treating obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with an overnight CPAP machine can result in more weight loss for adults with obesity who try to lose weight by restricting calories. Patients who received concurrent CPAP treatment lost an average of 5.7 pounds more than those who did not treat thei...
The study found that the percentage of younger women initiating bisphosphonate treatment decreased over the 12-year period, while older women and those with osteopenia or osteoporosis increased. The overall percentage of osteoporosis among white and Asian women also rose.
Researchers used correlated wavefunction theory to simulate the bulk hydrated electron, finding a persistent tetrahedral cavity made up of four water molecules. The model provided stronger theoretical evidence for the cavity model, dismissing non-cavity structures in stable and metastable states.
Researchers have found that modulating blood-forming stem cells' stiffness could help drive them out of the bone marrow and into the blood, but they need to be stiff to stay put. The study, published in Cell Stem Cell, suggests that altering cell biomechanics can improve mobilization regimens for stem cell-based therapy.
A PLOS Special Collection explores new steps in clinical research for optimal TB treatment, driven by WHO and IRD-France sponsorship. Experts outline best practices for future clinical trials to inform policy guidance.
Researchers used computer simulations to discover Jupiter was formed four times further from the sun than its current position and migrated over 700,000 years. The Trojan asteroids' asymmetry provided key evidence for this migration theory.
A study on Myxococcus xanthus reveals diverse social behaviors among cooperative bacteria, contradicting the assumption that groups are genetically homogeneous. The researchers attribute this diversity to evolutionary selection favoring specific 'social genes' that control behavior.
A new study explores the connection between poor sleep and Alzheimer's disease, revealing that sleep helps clear excess amyloid beta and tau proteins from the brain. Disruption of slow-wave sleep can cause a significant increase in these protein levels, suggesting that sleep plays a crucial role in preventing Alzheimer's development.
A new analysis tool developed by Florida State University scientists can help improve understanding of population genetics and combat pathogens. The f-coalescent model, which incorporates fractional calculus, offers a promising method for analyzing the spread and distribution of disease vectors.
Physicists at UMD developed a new method to detect radioactive material remotely using an infrared laser beam. The technique induces an electron avalanche breakdown near the material, allowing detection from a distance. With further development, it could be used to scan trucks and shipping containers at ports of entry.
The Ryerson-led research team developed a technique called F-Mode, which enables selective enhancement of features in biological structures based on size. This breakthrough has significant potential in ophthalmology, neurosurgery, and disease detection.
A study by SISSA neuroscientists reveals the existence of temporal maps in the brain's supplementary motor area (SMA) for decoding abstract features of time. The maps are represented via topography and duration tuning, with different portions responding to specific durations.
A study found that patients who stayed on phentermine longer experienced greater weight loss than those who took the drug for three months or less. Longer-term use was not associated with increased risk of heart attack, stroke, or death.
Researchers have discovered that tall ice-cliffs on glaciers can trigger massive calving events, which could lead to rapid sea-level rise. The study found that cliffs over 100 meters high are most susceptible to slumping, a process that accelerates calving without waiting for the melting of the front.
A new study from Stockholm University finds that climate changes are affecting weather forecasting accuracy, particularly with predicting summer rain volumes. Meanwhile, temperature and air pressure forecasts are expected to become more accurate.
The Cascades Arc is home to a string of volcanoes with radically different histories, sparking researchers to look beyond individual volcanoes. By analyzing heat flow, seismic wave speeds, and other data sources, scientists aim to understand why some volcanoes erupt differently than others.
Researchers developed a new technique combining optical tweezers with high-powered X-rays to position and manipulate crystals in solution. This allowed them to observe reactions as they occurred, revealing sub-nanometer scale defects and grain boundaries within the ZnO microcrystal.
Research on guppy fish reveals that genes in males are preserved over generations, allowing the evolution of bright colors. This genetic stability enables the conservation of characteristic traits, such as coloration, in males.
Researchers identified a new protocol to prioritize HCV treatment in US prisons, considering factors like liver health state, sentence length, and injection drug use. The approach aims to reduce hepatitis C-caused mortality and infections, both in prisons and the community.
A new sensor system can monitor wiring in buildings or ships to detect impending electrical failures, allowing for timely repairs. The system was tested on a Coast Guard cutter, pinpointing a motor with burnt-out wiring that could have led to a serious fire.
Researchers discovered how naturally occurring microbes like Rhodopseudomonas palustris use electrons from conductive substances to fix carbon dioxide. The process is connected to the microbe's ability to store and discharge electrons, similar to a rechargeable battery.
Researchers at the Salk Institute have identified a gene mutation that causes motor axon misrouting, leading to improper connection with muscles. The study reveals how p190 acts as a blinder to guide axons outside of the spinal cord, shedding light on the intricate mechanisms of cell signaling and development.
Researchers at Rice University discovered that molecules on the surface of gold nanorods induce dipoles, scattering enough energy to dampen plasmon signals. This finding enhances catalysis applications and challenges previous explanations for signal loss via plasmon damping.
Researchers found that TB drugs alter gut microbiota, compromising immunity and increasing susceptibility to Mtb infection. Transplanting healthy feces restored immunity in treated mice.
A researcher at Argonne National Laboratory has developed a faster way to create molecular models, accelerating the screening of potential new organic materials for electronics. The approach uses machine learning to predict electronic properties and enables scientists to screen more packing arrangements than before.
Citizen scientists in Arizona mapped three intermittent rivers, collecting ecological and hydrological data on wet and dry trends. The datasets reveal significant decline in Cienega Creek and Agua Fria River water levels, while the San Pedro River showed minimal changes due to a groundwater management plan.
Scientists have discovered the largest dinosaur skeleton ever found in Canada, a 13-metre-long Tyrannosaurus rex named Scotty. The ancient predator is estimated to have weighed over 8,800 kg and lived around 66 million years ago.
Researchers at Saarland University have developed a free open-source software tool called Dave, which enables the rapid evaluation of signals, pattern recognition, and data visualization for large sensor datasets. The tool uses machine learning methodologies to identify patterns quickly and evaluate data cleanly.
Researchers discovered that knocking out NLRP6 protein in mice led to better survival and less severe symptoms after bone marrow transplant. The study also found that NLRP6 played a non-microbiome dependent role in GVHD, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for reducing its effects.
Salk Institute researchers found altered neuron growth patterns and low levels of key genes in SSRI non-responders, leading to abnormal neuronal communication. This discovery provides new insights into the complex neural circuitry underlying depression.
A long-term experiment in the Arctic deep sea reveals that sedentary animals colonize new habitats at a slow pace. The study found that it took up to 18 years for the first settlers to establish themselves, with only 13 species of multicellular invertebrates identified after four decades.
Researchers found that mailing FIT kits directly to patients increased completion rates by 24-29% within two-six months. Financial incentives did not significantly improve results. The study suggests framing and context of incentives can be more important than their dollar value, highlighting the principles of behavioral economics.
Researchers used advanced electromagnetic technology to create images of an ultraslow-spreading mid-ocean ridge, revealing new insights into the formation of black smokers and subsea metal deposits. The study provides groundbreaking information about the subsurface distribution of different rock types and melts, shedding light on funda...
Researchers found that caterpillars ingest soil and retain a microbiome similar to the soil itself, allowing them to access 'voicemails' left behind by plants. This discovery sheds light on the impact of soil legacy on insect health and has potential applications for agriculture.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University have developed a lightweight, low-profile, and inexpensive ankle exoskeleton that can be worn under clothes without restricting motion. The device features an unpowered friction clutch mechanism and a soft shank sleeve, weighing just over one pound and costing less than $100 to fabricate.
Research reveals that smokers using plain-packaged cigarettes are more likely to notice and read health warnings, think about the risks, and consider quitting due to the appearance of the pack. The study supports standardised packaging as an effective measure in reducing tobacco appeal and promoting public health.
A new study developed a machine-learning algorithm to predict opioid overdose risk among Medicare beneficiaries with at least one opioid prescription. The model outperformed traditional statistical models in identifying subgroups of patients at similar risk of overdosing, especially those with low risk.
A new Portland State University study found that East Portland's low-income neighborhoods are disproportionately exposed to floods and urban heat islands. The research team mapped winter flood and summer heat hazard potential, testing it against sociodemographic and physical variables at a neighborhood scale.
Researchers identified two proteins, SIX1 and SIX2, that act as gatekeepers to regulate the immune response. The proteins were found to be involved in reducing inflammation by dampening the noncanonical NF-κB pathway.
Researchers found that people strongly agreed with computer-generated answers on image identification tasks, validating the idea that humans and machines see images differently. This suggests that advances in artificial intelligence may need to be improved to narrow the gap between human and machine visual abilities.
The UK's single-use plastic bag charge has led to a substantial reduction in plastic bag use, with the average frequency of use falling from 'sometimes' to 'very rarely'. The study also found that consumers are ready to support other environmental charges, including a 5p charge on plastic water bottles and increased fuel duties.
A study found that consumers' purchasing intentions for sustainable chocolate are influenced by the 'warm glow' of giving, with fair-trade labels being particularly effective. The price is also a key factor, followed by country of manufacture and ethical claims.
Mayo Clinic researchers have identified a potential new therapy for liver diseases, finding that the drug sivelestat may effectively lower portal hypertension. The study showed that deposits of fibrin and inflammatory cells contributed to portal hypertension, which was successfully inhibited by sivelestat.
A high-fat, high-sugar diet in pregnant mice causes heart problems in their offspring, which are then passed down to subsequent generations. The defects in heart mitochondria are thought to be caused by epigenetic changes in the mother's eggs.
Researchers have discovered that salamanders, like the Italian Crested Newt, chew their prey using their palatal teeth, breaking it up with a rhythmic motion. This unique chewing mechanism is similar to that found in ancient mammals and may date back to the early days of land-based vertebrates.
Tropical Cyclone Trevor filled up Australia's Gulf of Carpentaria, as revealed in a NASA image. The cyclone brought severe weather conditions, including destructive winds and very heavy rainfall.
Rutgers engineers created flexible, lightweight materials that change shape with temperature, enabling better shock absorption and morphing airplane or drone wings. The materials can be reshaped and returned to their original form on demand, opening up possibilities for soft robotics, tiny implantable biomedical devices, and more.