Researchers warn that acidification of the Southern Ocean will disrupt marine food webs due to a layer of corrosive water forming below the surface. The new shallow horizon would reduce viable pteropod habitat, impacting global fisheries and ocean ecosystems.
A new study suggests that meeting a 2-degrees Celsius warming limit by 2100 is exceptionally difficult, but pursuing aggressive carbon-neutral energy production and rapid reductions can provide a hedge against high climate sensitivity scenarios. The researchers emphasize the need for immediate global action to mitigate climate change.
Researchers observed coyote families at a Utah facility during breeding seasons and found that parental influence plays a major role in shaping their behavior. Coyotes become bolder when parents are more fearless, and this trait is passed on to their offspring, which can lead to negative interactions with humans.
Researchers from the University of Rochester discover that LINE1 retrotransposons become more active with age, triggering inflammation and age-related diseases. By understanding the impacts of these genomic parasites, scientists can develop strategies to inhibit them and combat aging.
A team of researchers discovered and characterized over 5,000 microbial species in the human microbiome, with 77% being newly identified. The study highlights the personalized nature of the microbiome and its relevance to global health, particularly in non-Westernized populations.
Researchers at the University of Washington have created a robotic system that can strategize how to use a fork to pick up and deliver bites to a person's mouth. The robot used an object-detection algorithm and a new skewing-and-feeding strategy to successfully pick up hard foods but struggled with soft foods.
In a new study, researchers found that female spotted hyenas who form strong coalitions with other females can overthrow their superiors and improve their fitness. The study revealed that these alliances play a crucial role in maintaining stable social hierarchies and improving the overall rank of coalition members.
Researchers project timing and location of precipitation changes relevant to agricultural crop production due to climate change. Precipitation patterns are expected to increase in high latitudes like North America and Europe by 2020s or have already emerged in regions such as the Mediterranean.
Astronomers have discovered a binary star system with PDS 27 and its companion just 4.5 billion km apart, making them the closest high-mass young stellar objects in binaries resolved to date. This discovery provides a valuable laboratory to test theories on high mass binary star formation.
Researchers have identified two new nuclear medicine tracers that provide high-contrast images for cancer diagnosis, allowing for shorter imaging times and no diet changes. The tracers target cancer-associated fibroblasts, promoting tumor growth, migration, and progression.
Research links seven vascular risk factors to differences in brain structure, particularly areas responsible for complex thinking. The study found stronger associations between smoking, high blood pressure, and diabetes with grey matter volume and white matter damage.
Researchers at the University of Tokyo have developed a new way to sense earthquakes using gravitational signals, which can detect seismic waves ahead of time. The method has been proven reliable with 7-sigma accuracy and could lead to improved early warning systems that save lives.
A study published in Academic Emergency Medicine found that female academic emergency medicine physicians are less likely to hold the rank of full professor compared to their male counterparts. Only 17% of female emergency physicians were associate or full professors, highlighting a significant disparity in representation and advancement.
A study of university rugby players found that 43% experienced sleep disordered breathing, linked to higher heart rates and lower oxygen levels. This raises concerns about the potential role of SDB in cardiovascular complications among young athletes.
Standard care home hydration tests do not accurately identify dehydration in older people, according to new research from the University of East Anglia. The study compared results from simple tests against a gold standard blood test and found none were accurate.
A study by researchers at Vetmeduni Vienna found that dominant male house mice produce higher levels of certain pheromones compared to subordinates. These pheromones are transported in the urine via major urinary proteins (MUPs) and bind to female reproductive physiology, making them more attractive to receptive females.
A team of Australian and US researchers has identified a potential therapeutic drug target for aggressive breast cancers. The Oncomix method enabled them to 'zoom in' on genetic information from cancer patients and identify genes with distinct activity patterns, revealing five genes that promote tumour growth.
A Rutgers University study found that frequent cryptocurrency trading is associated with problem gambling, particularly among regular gamblers. The research suggests that crypto trading can be an extension of high-risk day trading activity and share similar demographics with high-risk stock traders.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute have identified a promising small molecule that targets the HA stem of influenza A group 1 viruses, demonstrating effectiveness against seasonal and pandemic strains in mice. The orally active compound, JNJ-4796, has the potential to be used as a treatment for flu sickness.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have identified a gene, HLA-A*32:01, that predisposes patients to vancomycin-associated DRESS. This genetic variant is found in 86% of patients who developed DRESS while taking vancomycin.
Hookah smoking exposes users to high levels of particulate matter and other harmful chemicals, including carbon monoxide, nicotine, and lead. The American Heart Association recommends avoiding tobacco use in any form due to the risks associated with hookah smoking.
Computational study simulates CO2 reacting with rock surfaces to form carbonate minerals, revealing a stable method of long-term carbon storage. The findings suggest that 'mineral trapping' can be used for carbon storage and provide insights into the chemistry of CO2 mineralization.
A team of researchers has discovered a rare double helix structure in the high-strength polymer PBDT, which could enable the creation of lightweight aerospace materials. The polymer's supreme rigidity and low processing cost make it an attractive alternative to conventional fillers.
NGC 6052 is a pair of colliding galaxies visible in the Hercules constellation, consisting of two galaxies merging due to gravity. The Milky Way will undergo a similar collision with Andromeda in approximately 4 billion years.
Black-majority neighborhoods in New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago face disparities in access to trauma centers, with racial/ethnic disparities only significant in New York after accounting for poverty. The study suggests trauma planning should address racial equity, particularly in densely populated areas like New York.
A study by City College of New York researchers found that music synchronizes brainwaves among listeners, with engagement dropping with familiar music and increasing with unfamiliar styles. Participants with musical training showed sustained interest across exposures to both familiar and unfamiliar music.
Tropical Cyclone Haleh is being affected by northerly wind shear, causing it to weaken. The storm has maximum sustained winds of near 40 knots (46 mph/74 kph) and is forecast to turn to the north-northeast.
A new program aims to address this fear by providing patients with accurate information about treatment options and reducing the stigma around seeking help. The study found that nearly half of adults who die by suicide saw a primary care clinician within a month prior to their deaths.
Researchers have created a novel way to define individual protein associations using the topological scoring (TopS) algorithm. This approach helps identify proteins that come together in biological processes, allowing for better understanding of how proteins perform functions and interact with each other.
Researchers at Children's National Hospital will examine genetic mutations causing nephrotic syndrome using Drosophila. The goal is to develop targeted treatments for pediatric patients with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome.
A study published in Scientific Reports analyzed forecasts from 14 predictive models submitted to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's influenza season forecasting challenge. The results show that teams with more experience and combined model approaches performed better, highlighting opportunities for future improvement.
A new study finds that urban African-Americans are significantly more likely to live in trauma deserts with limited access to advanced emergency medical care. The introduction of UChicago Medicine's Level 1 Trauma Center has reduced Chicago's disparity sevenfold, but racial disparities persist in New York City and Los Angeles.
The team aims to develop a sorting-machine prototype using pupae images and machine-learning algorithms to process tens of thousands of images daily. They also design a robot to sort the pupae based on the result of the algorithm, with the goal of reducing tsetse populations in sub-Saharan Africa.
Astronomers confirm the existence of a hot Jupiter-like planet, Kepler-1658 b, orbiting an evolved star. The discovery, led by University of Hawaii graduate student Ashley Chontos, provides new insights into planetary interactions and the rarity of planets around similar stars.
A recent study published in Journal of Applied Psychology found that supervisors tend to view victims of bullying as bullies themselves, even when evidence contradicts this claim. The study also revealed that victims receive lower job performance evaluations despite their exemplary work.
The study reveals that water molecules migrate over the course of a day, with higher concentrations at higher latitudes. This new understanding of lunar hydration has significant implications for future human missions to the Moon, where water could be used as a source of fuel or radiation shielding.
A study by University of British Columbia found that Canadians' fruit and vegetable intake decreased by 13% between 2004 and 2015. Despite this decline, the average daily intake of healthy components like whole grains, fish, and legumes remained stable.
A new model microbiome community, THOR, has been developed by researchers to improve human health and soil productivity. The community of bacteria produced complex traits such as biofilms, which could lead to the development of new antibiotics and improved crop yields.
A Michigan State University study found that fibrinogen accumulates in the remaining liver after surgery and triggers platelet activity to aid in regeneration. Low fibrinogen levels are associated with delayed regeneration and dysfunctional livers, making it a potential predictive marker for doctors.
A widely-used adoption assessment tool is found to be inadequate for measuring the needs of lesbian and gay couples who adopt cross-racially. The study, which tested 236 adoptive parents, highlights the need for more sensitive screening tools that can address the unique experiences of these families.
Research reveals that sea ice loss in the Arctic causes rapid warming, which will persist even after melting is complete. The study suggests that this phenomenon is more pronounced during certain periods, particularly during cloud season, due to seasonal sea-ice melting and its impact on atmospheric heat transfer.
Researchers at Linköping University have developed a theoretical model that simulates the degradation of hard cutting materials. The model, published in Materials journal, enables the manufacturing industry to save time and money by developing tools with greater hardness and resistance.
A new scientific study found a 30-year gap between countries with the highest and lowest ages at which people experience health problems equivalent to those of an average 65-year-old. The United States ranked 54th, between Iran (69.0 years) and Antigua and Barbuda (68.4 years).
Kate Hyun and her team are exploring a new approach to estimate bicycle volumes by fusing data from sensors, surveys, mobile apps, and GPS-enabled systems. The goal is to provide cities with more accurate information to establish viable bike networks.
Research confirms that women with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations experience a decreased risk of breast cancer after multiple full-term pregnancies. The study found that breastfeeding also reduces breast cancer risk for these women. However, the timing of pregnancy appears to play a crucial role in determining the level of risk reduction.
Researchers found that visual behavior follows evolutionary trends in complex societies and is influenced by cultural factors. The study uses eye-tracking to analyze the response of individuals to prehistoric ceramics, suggesting a close interaction between culture and brain plasticity.
Researchers identified 1,544 enzymes that play a key role in wheat's defense against fungal infections. The study found that proteases are involved in cell death induced by infection, but contradicting the current understanding that caspase-like enzymes initiate this process.
A team of researchers from Ruhr-University Bochum has identified a crucial role for a sixth transport step in the regulation of peroxisome function. The study reveals that this step is essential for maintaining the balance between import and export of enzymes, preventing diseases such as infant mortality
A study of 315,000 US adults found that maintaining physical activity from adolescence into later adulthood and increasing leisure-time activity in adulthood were associated with lower risk of dying. Adults who had been less active before age 40 also saw benefits when they increased their physical activity between ages 41-60.
Qi Wang, a neural engineer at Columbia University, has won a $500,000 NSF CAREER Award to develop closed-loop peripheral neural stimulation technology for enhancing perception and cognition. His project aims to use vagus nerve stimulation to control arousal levels and minimize side effects.
Scientists at the University of Basel create a three-layer superlattice using graphene and boron nitride, producing new electronic material properties.
The nTIDE report shows a slight decline in economic indicators for Americans with disabilities, while those without disabilities experience improvements. This trend is consistent with the leveling off of gains for this population over the last year.
The OU-led SCIPP is a multi-institutional research team focused on helping south central US communities build resilience to weather and climate extremes. The project aims to improve adaptability, planning, and preparedness in the face of climate-related challenges.
A study of 142 cancer surgery patients found that psychological and social risk factors, such as depression and lack of emergency resources, are linked to higher surgical complications. Researchers suggest managing these nontraditional risk factors could improve outcomes.
Scientists have observed water molecules moving around the dayside of the Moon, contradicting previous assumptions that it was arid. The amount and locations of surface water vary based on the time of day, with more common at higher latitudes.
Researchers at EPFL's LSMS digitally simulated how surface roughness changes over time, capturing the entire process from initial geometry to final fractal geometry. Their findings suggest that wear debris is present for surfaces to develop self-affine roughness and could lead to significant reductions in energy consumption and costs.
Researchers found an early atrophy of amygdala and hippocampus in Alzheimer's patients at age 40, differing from normal aging process. Studying biomarkers revealed certain structures shrink before dementia appears.
A recent study found that vitamin D levels can modify the response to indoor air pollution in obese urban children with asthma. The research team identified a significant link between low blood vitamin D levels and respiratory problems, as well as an inverse relationship between high blood vitamin D levels and asthma symptoms.
Researchers have developed an RNA-guided endonuclease - in situ labelling (RGEN-ISL) method that preserves chromatin intact and allows real-time visualization of DNA-labelling. This new tool outperforms conventional methods, enabling investigation of genome structure and function.
Scientists at Linköping University found that the tectorial membrane stores calcium ions, which regulate sensory cell function. Temporary hearing loss occurs when the membrane's calcium ion concentration drops, but returns to normal once it replenishes.