A comprehensive analysis of sewage from 74 cities in 60 countries has yielded comparable global data on antimicrobial resistant bacteria. The study found that North America, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand have low levels of antimicrobial resistance, while Asia, Africa, and South America have high levels.
A new international consortium, led by Dr. Kathy Neuzil of the University of Maryland School of Medicine, aims to introduce the typhoid conjugate vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. The research highlights challenges such as surveillance, antibiotic resistance, and cost-effectiveness.
Researchers at Children's National Hospital have received a $3 million NIH grant to investigate the mechanisms of APOL1 and HIV nephropathies in children. The study aims to understand how HIV-1 interacts with APOL1 risk variants in renal cells, triggering chronic kidney disease.
Copepods release substances into oceans that trigger defences in phytoplankton, causing bioluminescence and chemical warfare. The effects can be far-reaching, leading to toxic algal blooms and impacting marine life.
Researchers at Delft University of Technology have created a quantum circuit that enables the detection of weak radio signals, which could revolutionize fields like radio astronomy and medicine. The breakthrough opens up possibilities for experiments that explore the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity.
PARP inhibitors have been found to enhance the immune response against cancer cells with DNA repair defects, suggesting a new approach to treating various types of cancer. This discovery could lead to increased effectiveness of immunotherapies and improved treatment outcomes for patients.
Researchers discovered zinc's role in fighting UTI bacteria, identifying its toxic effects on UPEC cells and potential avenues for non-antibiotic treatment strategies. This knowledge could lead to new therapies that don't develop resistance like traditional antibiotics.
A recent study published in Systematic Biology confirms horseshoe crabs belong to the arachnid family tree, challenging previous hypotheses. By analyzing genetic data and considering multiple analysis methods, researchers found a high degree of confidence that horseshoe crabs are part of the arachnid radiation.
Bruce Weir receives the 2019 Elizabeth W. Jones Award for Excellence in Education, recognizing his 40-year history of training researchers in statistical analysis methods. His work includes the Summer Institute in Statistical Genetics and the Genetic Data Analysis textbook, which have trained thousands of professionals worldwide.
Tropical Cyclone Haleh continues to weaken due to wind shear and cooler waters, falling below the hurricane threshold. The storm has become elongated from outside winds, affecting its rotation and strength.
A Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) team deployed an autonomous underwater vehicle to collect data on phytoplankton, which form the base of the marine food chain. The AUV created a 3-D map of hot spots, providing clues about declining seabird populations.
Researchers at the University of Edinburgh have identified a crucial mechanism linking R-loops and Polycomb proteins to gene regulation in human cells. This finding has significant implications for understanding diseases associated with faulty Polycomb proteins or R-loop overproduction, including neurodegenerative disorders like ALS.
Research suggests that yo-yo dieting may increase women's heart disease risk by making it harder to control various risk factors. Women who experienced weight cycling reported lower scores on the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 score.
A recent study has identified 76 new gene regions associated with sleep duration, revealing a significant link between genetics and sleep patterns. The findings suggest that many genes important for animal models may also influence human sleep, opening up new avenues for understanding the regulation of sleep.
Researchers at University of Tsukuba uncover how stratifin causes lung adenocarcinoma to emerge, identifying two drugs with other clinical uses that could be applied effectively in this disease. The study's findings raise hopes for more powerful treatment tools and value drug repositioning as a potential solution.
A new study finds that K stars, which are dimmer than the Sun but brighter than faintest stars, may be particularly promising targets for searching for signs of life. K stars live a long time and have less extreme activity in their youth, giving them plenty of time for life to evolve.
A novel treatment targeting solitary B cells improved lung disease in CVID patients, offering a safer alternative to broad immunosuppressive therapies. Researchers identified elevated IgM levels as a marker of lung disease progression, allowing for precise timing of treatment and potential future therapeutic targets.
A study published in PLOS ONE shows that specialist clinics are the most cost-effective route for chronic wound care, with an average saving of $3,947 per patient. The research also highlights improved quality of life for patients, suggesting a more efficient use of healthcare resources.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens found that cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection can convert harmless protein antigens into allergens, sensitizing immune cells to cause allergic airway disease. This effect is mediated by activated airway dendritic cells and may contribute to the development of asthma.
Researchers at UC San Diego have found a new mechanism that allows bacteria to survive antibiotics by controlling magnesium ion uptake. This discovery could lead to new treatments for infectious diseases and boost the potency of existing antibiotic drugs.
A large study of nearly 30 million hospital records shows that people who got a flu shot while hospitalized had a 10 percent lower risk of having a heart attack compared to those who didn't get vaccinated. The findings suggest that getting a flu vaccine can reduce the risk of major cardiovascular problems.
A new study on Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park shows that the loss of top carnivores can have far-reaching consequences for prey and plant populations, turning 'landscapes of fear' into 'landscapes of fearlessness'. However, carnivore restoration in these areas could help reverse any ill effects of human activity.
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule (VC) or anteromedial subthalamic nucleus (amSTN) reduced OCD symptoms to a similar extent, but produced distinct effects on specific symptoms. VC stimulation improved mood, while amSTN stimulation improved cognitive flexibility.
Researchers analyzed brain connectomes to understand healthy brain development and contribute to disorders like epilepsy. The study identified abnormalities in the salience network of subjects with autism, providing insights into the neural basis of autism.
Researchers at Caltech have experimentally demonstrated how a simple network of identical synchronized nanomachines can give rise to out-of-sync, complex states. This knowledge may lead to new tools for controlling these networks, such as developing new defibrillators for shocking the heart back into rhythm.
New research by University of British Columbia shows LGBTQ Americans dispersing and diversifying their living spaces beyond traditional gayborhoods. The study reveals a range of emerging neighborhoods catering to specific subgroups within the LGBTQ community, including queer communities of color and same-sex couples with children.
Researchers developed a machine learning model to predict recovery time from sports-related concussions based on symptoms like headache, dizziness, and fatigue. The study found that symptom-based prediction models demonstrated practical clinical value in estimating sport-related concussion recovery time.
Researchers developed a new imaging method, called compressed optical-streaking ultra-high-speed photography (COSUP), that can capture images at speeds of up to 1.5 million frames per second using standard sensors. COSUP has potential applications in biomedical research, movie production, and scientific research.
A study led by Mount Sinai researchers found that aspiration is equally effective as traditional stent retriever approach for clot removal, with significant cost savings. The study showed comparable clinical results between the two approaches, including similar functional outcomes and revascularization rates.
Columbia engineers and neuroscientists use SCAPE microscope to create 3D videos of individual nerve cells moving, stretching, and switching on inside fruit fly larvae. The study reveals how nerve cells called proprioceptive neurons work together to help the body sense its position in space.
Researchers found that democracies employ broad-based investment in health and human capital, leading to improved economies. Countries that have democratized within the last 60 years tend to start off slowly but eventually catch up with nondemocracies.
The new report by the American Physical Society reveals that industrial physics plays a crucial role in driving the US economy. It contributed an estimated $2.3 trillion to the country's GDP in 2016, accounting for 12.6% of the total gross domestic product.
Researchers at University of Minnesota develop graphene-based device that detects protein structures with near-perfect efficiency, leading to improved diagnosis and treatment of diseases. The device uses plasmons to generate local electric fields, enabling detection of single layers of protein molecules.
A pre-clinical trial of InnovoSep has demonstrated potential to stop sepsis-causing bacteria from triggering organ damage. The drug also showed effectiveness in preventing sepsis progression and treating advanced sepsis.
Researchers investigate the conditions that drive protein droplets to switch from a fluid to a gel-like state, finding that environmental factors play a crucial role. The study uses innovative techniques such as optical tweezers and laser poking to probe the dynamics of these tiny molecules, which may be involved in health and disease.
A study published in Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology found that prior antibiotic exposure and use of proton pump inhibitors may increase the risk for hospitalized children to contract Clostridioides difficile infections. Clinicians should judiciously use antibiotics in hospitalized children to minimize this risk.
Research found that microbes specialize at the genotype level, promoting diversity by killing common species and making room for rare ones. This leads to increased seed dispersal, creating landscapes that allow pathogens to effectively promote diversity.
Researchers developed 'Autonomouse' system, allowing for up to 18 months of minimally disturbed mouse behavioral research. The 'smart house' combines animal welfare and efficient research findings, published in PLOS ONE.
A new study found that the risk of relapse in multiple sclerosis (MS) is lower during and after pregnancy than previously thought. Women with MS can have children without an increased risk of relapses, according to a preliminary study published by the American Academy of Neurology.
A new study found that a single country's ratification of an international treaty can significantly influence other nations' decisions, with the US playing a key role. Countries can be both positive and negative influencers on how others respond to agreements, but positive influence is more common.
Purdue University researchers have developed a continuous manufacturing process to make generic lomustine and other products. This approach improves quality monitoring, reduces production costs, and enhances flexibility, making it more feasible for mass-producing life-saving medicines.
Research presents findings on the role of social support and sense of purpose in preserving cognitive abilities with age among Hispanics/Latinos. Higher scores on ethnic identity, life engagement, and social support are associated with higher cognitive functioning, whereas loneliness and familism are linked to lower cognitive function.
New insights into nonsmooth surfaces, inspired by frilly surfaces on coral reefs and kale leaves, suggest potential applications in soft-body robotics. The research reveals that these surfaces can change direction without stretching, allowing for efficient movement and flexibility.
A study presented at the 30th Annual Conference of the Saudi Heart Association found that waterpipe and cigarette smoking are associated with heart attacks at a younger age in Saudi Arabians. Smokers have more complications, bigger heart attacks, and poorer outcomes compared to non-smokers.
Dry eye disease is linked to an increased risk of migraine headaches, with symptoms including stinging, burning, or scratchy sensations. The study suggests a possible association between the two conditions, warranting further research into diagnostic and treatment options.
Researchers at Bar-Ilan University discovered the intricate molecular mechanism of the guidance receptor 'Robo', which reacts to signals in its environment while avoiding premature activity. The findings provide a basis for designing effective drugs targeting Robo receptors, potentially treating various neurological and cancer conditions.
A new study found that a slowing of ocean circulation in Antarctica's waters drastically altered global ice age cycles, making them colder and longer. The mid-Pleistocene transition, with no obvious orbital cause, remains largely unexplained.
The Moon appeared to move in two opposite directions during a lunar transit, due to the SDO's faster orbital speed. The spacecraft caught this phenomenon, resulting in a 'freeze-frame' effect as the Moon remained in view.
The Milky Way weighs approximately 1.5 trillion solar masses, with dark matter making up the majority of its mass. Globular star clusters were used to measure the galaxy's movement, providing a more accurate estimate of its mass.
A new study by North Carolina State University suggests that nonprofit organizations can better serve their constituents by partnering with public institutions to overcome bureaucratic red tape. The researchers found that these partnerships provided nonprofits with access to contacts that could facilitate efficient navigation of bureau...
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed a plasma-assisted MnO2 filter that produces exhaust free of NOx and SOx. The filter augments the desulfurization properties of MnO2 with ozone from an atmospheric-pressure non-equilibrium plasma, improving NO2 elimination by over 99%.
A study of over 467,000 patients found that 30,865 developed persistent opioid use after surgery, while 10,487 experienced prolonged opioid use. Patients filling prescriptions for opioids shortly before or after surgery were more likely to have persistent and prolonged use.
Researchers observed that massive stars losing mass to companion stars before exploding can create Type Ib or IIb supernovae. Stellar winds also play a role in the process, especially for high-mass stars.
A study found that napping during the day can significantly lower blood pressure levels, with an average drop of 5 mm Hg. This reduction is comparable to other known interventions for lowering blood pressure.
Astronomers combined data from Hubble and Gaia to estimate Milky Way's mass, reducing uncertainty from decades of research. The galaxy is found to weigh approximately 1.5 trillion solar masses within a radius of 129,000 light-years.
Researchers at Hiroshima University discovered a potential new target for chronic pain treatment by activating the REV-ERBs receptor. This discovery could lead to more effective drugs for various types of chronic pain, including sciatica, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis.
Weidong Zhou aims to develop energy-efficient lasers using nanophotonic cavities and nanostructured materials, enabling faster data transmission and sensing applications. His research explores carrier dynamics and quantum dots to achieve maximum efficiency.
Research on 144 chimpanzee groups found that high levels of human impact significantly reduce behavioral diversity, including the loss of unique tools and hunting behaviors. The study suggests population size and social learning play key roles in maintaining cultural traits.
A new study by the University of Waterloo found that green spaces and colourful urban design elements increase happiness, trust of strangers, and environmental stewardship. Simple interventions like adding greenery or rainbow crosswalks can enrich public spaces.
Researchers found that positive interactions with patients drive improved medical team performance under most conditions. However, positivity towards superiors had no significant effect on performance.