Scientists found that wind stress and its curl are key factors in simulating the Pacific North Equatorial Countercurrent. Weak biases in these models affect tropical surface currents and climate simulations.
Researchers found that non-expert consumers in Pennsylvania were more tolerant of methyl anthranilate, a compound causing the 'grapey' odor, due to frequent exposure to grape flavors. In contrast, wine experts in California rejected wines with high levels of methyl anthranilate. The study supports the idea that liking native grapes may...
Researchers discovered that graphene-like materials stack together in a way that changes their properties, creating novel hybrid materials. The twist angle controls the hybridization, enabling precise control over composite materials and nano-devices.
Researchers at CAMH have discovered a new target for developing treatments for depression by finding higher levels of the brain protein MAO-B in people with clinical depression. The study found that individuals with depression had 26% higher MAO-B levels in their prefrontal cortex compared to those without depression.
A study of 177,091 Greek children found that nearly one in four skipped breakfast due to unhealthy lifestyle factors. Poor dietary habits, insufficient sleep, and excessive screen time significantly increased the likelihood of skipping breakfast.
A study found that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) was more effective than moderate exercise in losing body fat and trimming waistlines among cardiac rehabilitation patients. After 12 weeks, HIIT participants lost 4 pounds of body fat, gained 1.5 pounds of lean muscle mass, and trimmed an inch off their waists.
The study focused on the design and results of the second field deployment of BASALT, identifying critical capabilities needed for science-driven EVAs. Researchers presented recommendations for future directions and subsequent research objectives.
A study of 59 individuals with mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis found no association between daily walking levels and pain. Alleviating pain does not likely increase physical activity, suggesting strategies focus on overcoming barriers like lack of knowledge and sedentary lifestyle.
Astronomers find that binary star interactions can expand the habitable zone, increasing the likelihood of life on planets. Simulations reveal that 20 out of 350 binaries in young star clusters are squeezed together, expanding their habitable zones.
A recent AI study identified high long-term blood sugar levels, kidney dysfunction, and excess bad cholesterol as the strongest predictors of cardiovascular disease and death in type 1 diabetes patients. The study also found that keeping these risk factors under control can lead to lower risks of cardiovascular events.
Researchers found that people with elevated symptoms of depression were 75% more likely to develop an ischemic stroke than those without depression. This association was seen even after adjusting for other risk factors.
Researchers are investigating ways to conduct meaningful science and send valuable information back to Earth in the harsh Martian environment. Scientists have simulated mission conditions using basalt samples from Idaho and Hawaii, seeking clues to the ongoing search for life on Mars.
Researchers at NC State University have identified a complex transcriptional regulatory network that regulates wood formation in woody plants. The study reveals novel interactions between key transcription factors and genes, providing insights into the regulation of lignin biosynthesis and its relation to disease resistance.
In a study published in Journal of Memory and Language, researchers found that people actively track the occurrence of 'uh' in spoken communication to predict upcoming low-frequency words. Participants adjusted their predictions when listening to atypical talkers, suggesting distributional learning of disfluency cues.
A new paper proposes specific scientific objectives for a Mars Sample Return campaign to address fundamental questions about the planet. The study identifies critical measurements that would need to be done on returned samples to maximize their scientific value.
A team of scientists has uncovered new evidence that suggests central Tibet was no higher than 2.3km with large lakes fringed by subtropical vegetation and deep valleys. The discovery uses ancient palm leaves to challenge previous estimates of the region's elevation.
A study found that Hurricane Maria led to a significant increase in viral load and decrease in CD4 counts among people living with HIV. Access to care was also reduced by over 22 percent, with those not virally suppressed before the hurricane having fewer medication adherence and more hospital visits.
A new vector control strategy is being developed by BOHEMIA, which uses ivermectin mass administration to kill malaria-transmitting mosquitoes. The project will conduct two clinical trials in Tanzania and Mozambique to evaluate the efficacy, safety, social science, and environmental impact of this approach.
Researchers at Brown University found that the movement of Greenland's snowline plays a crucial role in controlling the rate of ice melt. The study showed that changes in snowline elevation explained more than half of the annual radiation variability on the ice sheet, highlighting its importance in determining melting rates.
A study recommends innovative strategies to address underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities in clinical trials, highlighting the need for tailored approaches. The study identifies key components such as strategic engagement with providers, community leader engagement, and dedicated input from minority patients and caregiver...
A seven-year study found that translocating bighorn sheep in Arizona increased genetic diversity without eroding ancestral lineage. The research suggests that targeted translocations can maintain or enhance genetic outcomes, contrary to previous studies indicating 'genetic bottlenecks'.
A large study of nearly 14,000 people found that low-carb diets are significantly more likely to develop atrial fibrillation, a type of arrhythmia that can lead to stroke and heart failure. Researchers suggest using caution when restricting carbohydrates for weight loss due to potential inflammation and oxidative stress.
Hospital admissions for drug-related infective endocarditis increased by 436% at a medical center in the US, with heroin implicated in most cases. Patients who inject drugs are at risk of developing this condition due to contaminated needles introducing bacteria into their bloodstream.
A recent study published in The BMJ found a correlation between the use of advanced airway management and electrocardiographic rhythm during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. For non-shockable patients, AAM was associated with improved outcomes, including recovering neurological function and early hospital discharge.
Researchers at University of Wisconsin-Madison develop engineered microbe that can efficiently convert lignin from woody plants into a valuable aromatic compound. This conversion potential transforms the use of wood waste and unlocks a new industry for producing bioplastics.
In a 15th century archaeological site in Peru, hundreds of bodies were found with cut marks suggesting chest removal during a ritual. The remains included over 140 children and 200 llamas, dated to around 1450 AD, indicating heavy rainfall may have inspired the sacrifice.
Scientists are working on modifying human breast milk cells to produce specific proteins, such as vaccines, for premature babies. These engineered cells could potentially address birth defects, provide necessary proteins, or even treat certain diseases.
A recent study reveals significant disparities in osteoporosis treatment among elderly Americans, with men and blacks being undertreated compared to women and whites. The findings highlight the need for improved osteoporosis management strategies that address these disparities.
A new study from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine reveals that states with strict gun laws experience higher homicide rates when neighboring states have more lenient laws. The research suggests that gun trafficking across state lines plays a significant role in this relationship.
US breast cancer patients experience significant economic burdens due to treatment side effects like lymphedema. Patients advocate for policy changes and institutional adaptations to address these challenges. Recommendations include improved insurance coverage, expanded support services, and enhanced financial assistance.
Researchers from Northeastern University and the Marine Biological Laboratory discovered that squid chromatophores use both pigmentary and structural coloration to create dynamic effects. This breakthrough opens up new opportunities for biologists and chemists to better understand cephalopod biology and develop wearable devices or coat...
A new study reveals that disrupting the ability of wolves to travel on linear developments, such as pipelines and roads, can reduce their access to caribou habitat. This strategy is more effective and less invasive than traditional methods like wolf culling or building fenced enclosures.
Researchers found that the hippocampus uniquely represents bound features, such as faces and houses combined, which is essential for forming complex associations during learning. The study's findings have important implications for understanding how the brain's memory systems contribute to learning and decision-making.
A randomized controlled trial found that resistance training and aerobic training plus resistance training significantly reduced the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The study showed that these exercise programs can be as effective as isolated aerobic training in preventing overt type 2 diabetes.
The UMass Lowell team will explore new ways of sharing data across different organizations compliant with HIPAA, enabling efficient collaboration among patients, researchers, and practitioners. The project aims to develop a secure cyberinfrastructure that can handle sensitive data, including homeland security and counterterrorism.
A recent study published in The BMJ found that long-term use of oral hormone therapy is associated with a small increased risk of Alzheimer's disease in postmenopausal women. Women who used hormone therapy for over 10 years had an increased risk, especially those diagnosed at age 60 or older.
A pilot study found that remote blood pressure monitoring via smartphone app, accompanied by education and health coaching, can significantly improve blood pressure control. Participants who had the highest blood pressure at baseline showed the most reductions in both systolic and diastolic pressure.
Researchers discovered a mechanism by which bacteria like Burkholderia ambifaria activate white blood cells and attack the immune system. The study found that lectin BambL binds to carbohydrate residues on the surface of B cells, triggering an immune response in immunocompromised hosts.
Preliminary research found that adding high-quality plant-based foods to a diet decreases the risk of deaths from heart disease. A 10-point increase in score on a healthy plant-based diet scale was associated with a 10% lower risk of cardiovascular disease death.
Researchers demonstrated scrambling of information in a quantum computer, simulating the behavior of matter inside a black hole. They showed that entangled qubits could potentially be used to probe the mysterious interiors of black holes.
A new study published in the Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior found that serving healthy meals to a family of four can be done for $25 per day, consistent with the USDA low-income cost of food meal plan. The study used menu planning and access to bulk supermarkets to achieve this cost.
The ECOSTRESS mission aims to provide critical data for irrigation, enabling farmers to optimize water usage and reduce drought vulnerability. By measuring surface temperature, scientists can calculate evapotranspiration and identify which plants are using water most efficiently.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center discovered that adjusting CRISPR dosages can significantly improve dystrophin production in edited genes. The optimal ratio of components changed based on the DNA sequence being edited, paving the way for optimized gene therapies for other diseases.
Researchers created fermented milk products with bacterial films on nanofiber membranes, demonstrating improved probiotic survival and resistance to stomach digestion. The biofilms released live bacteria into the milk, allowing them to survive storage and transit.
Fracture injuries linked to dog walking have more than doubled in patients 65 and older between 2004 and 2017, with hip and upper extremity breaks being the most common. Researchers emphasize the importance of considering risks for falls in lifestyle recommendations to minimize such injuries.
A study published by the American College of Cardiology found that people who spent less time watching TV and regularly ate an energy-rich breakfast showed significantly less plaque and stiffness in their arteries. Eating a high-energy breakfast was also associated with healthier arteries, while skipping breakfast increased the risk of...
The study found that activity of the ActRII pathway increases with aging and heart failure, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Inhibiting this pathway can improve cardiac function in animal models of heart failure, suggesting a potential new treatment strategy for the deadly disease.
A study of over 675,000 cancer patients found that those with a psychiatric history were 73% more likely to die from their cancer. The risk increased with the level of psychiatric help, suggesting that stress may affect the body's biological systems.
This observational study estimated the number of patients 65 years or older with fractures associated with walking leashed dogs. The findings show a significant increase in injuries, with most occurring in women and hip fractures being the most common.
Researchers re-dated giant ground sloth remains, challenging popular hypothesis that megamammals survived into the Holocene. Their findings suggest humans hunted and butchered the animal near a swamp during the end of the Pleistocene.
A 3-year research project in Germany and the Netherlands reveals that migrant care workers are increasingly employed by families to provide round-the-clock care. Despite low wages and long work hours, many family members value their chemistry with immigrant caregivers.
Researchers at the University of Waterloo found that adjusting traffic light timing in response to weather conditions can significantly reduce intersection delays. By analyzing video data and running computer simulations, they determined that weather-responsive signal plans could ease congestion and improve safety during snowstorms.
Researchers propose using lichens to assess old-growth forest conservation value, offering a more nuanced approach to measuring biodiversity. This method, developed by Dr. Troy McMullin and Dr. Yolanda Wiersma, uses suites of lichen species associated with old-growth areas to develop an index of ecological continuity.
Researchers at Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a frequency-tunable plasmonic-based THz device for non-invasive biological imaging. The new device shows improved ability to distinguish between different tissues, opening up possibilities for enhanced diagnostic imaging tools.
A mass measles vaccination campaign in India saved an estimated 41,000 to 56,000 children's lives between 2010 and 2013, according to a study published in eLife. The campaigns significantly reduced child mortality rates in the affected districts, with mortality rates falling by 27% compared to non-campaign states.
Researchers used Wikipedia pageview records to investigate seasonal patterns in online interest for plants and animals. They found that seasonal trends are widespread, with over a quarter of species showing seasonality in their pageviews.
A new study by Boston University School of Public Health evaluates the Novartis Access program in Kenya, demonstrating that robust, 'gold standard' methods can be used to assess major pharmaceutical companies' access programs. The study found that the program significantly increased availability of two medicines in health facilities bu...
Researchers at Kanazawa University have developed a new copper catalyst that can distinguish between two different carbonyl compounds and selectively synthesize one species of 1,2-diol. The catalyst uses a N-heterocyclic carbene ligand to activate the carbonyls and form a carbon-carbon bond.
The USC Dornsife Korean Studies Institute has launched a new predoctoral exchange program to support young scholars working on US-East Asia relations. The initiative aims to enhance understanding of the security environment in East Asia and promote policy issues.
A new study found that offering voluntary HIV testing and immediate treatment to those who test positive can significantly reduce new HIV infections. The 'universal test and treat' strategy was associated with a 30% lower rate of new HIV infections compared to standard care.