Researchers found the temporoparietal junction significantly activated during cooperative tasks, indicating its role in facilitating cooperation. The anterior part of this region fires off information to the mentalizing system, controlling the flow of information.
Researchers found that C. elegans can acquire the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) by consuming E.coli bacteria, a molecule essential to enzyme function. This ability offers potential therapeutic avenues for treating Moco deficiency, a rare human genetic disorder.
A recent study of child-feeding habits among Marshallese in Arkansas found high compliance with medical standards for breastfeeding infants, but also reliance on rice and processed foods. Researchers identified economic and cultural barriers to incorporating fruits and vegetables into the diet.
Theoretical approach uses layers formed by liquids to arrange nanoparticles into unique structures for optics, plasmonics and electronics applications. By controlling nanoparticle properties, researchers can create exotic arrangements, such as strings or sheets, with potential benefits in multi-stage chemical catalysis.
A new 3D printing method enables the creation of fine-scale mesh structures that allow for precise control over a cell's microenvironment. This could lead to highly uniform cultures of cells with desired properties, making it a promising tool for biomedical research and potential medical applications.
Researchers at Penn State and the University of Alabama developed a technique to spin starch fibers using Lego pieces, creating potential scaffolds for lab-grown 'clean' meat. The starch fiber mats have been optimized for better alignment and strength, making them suitable for biomedical applications.
A new study reveals that violence against long-term care staff in Canada is widespread and largely unreported due to fear of reprisals. The research identifies underlying causes such as understaffing, poor organization, and inadequate emotional care as contributing factors.
A recent study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that younger groups of organisms diversify faster than older ones, challenging traditional explanations for the Tree of Life's imbalance. This suggests that time-dependent general principles govern life's diversity on Earth, operating beneath other factors
Research suggests genetic tagging is a powerful tool for ecology and conservation, providing non-invasive methods to track animal populations. The method offers benefits over traditional approaches, such as scalability, precision, and cost-effectiveness.
A recent study by Robert Manduca at Harvard University reveals that income inequality is a major driver of the growing income gap between different regions in the United States. The study shows that over the past forty years, the number of people living in communities at the extreme ends of the income scale has increased three-fold, wi...
Researchers identified a novel mobile genetic element, pWCP, in the Wolbachia bacterium of Culex pipiens mosquitoes. This discovery opens up new avenues for understanding interactions between the bacterium and its host, as well as its role in pathogen transmission.
Researchers at Ohio State University College of Medicine have identified a metabolic process in the heart that, if treated, could prevent or slow the progression of heart failure. By normalizing a reactive fat compound called acyl-CoA, the hearts retained their ability to burn fat and generate energy.
A new metric called the E2E evaluates the intensification of wet and dry spells under global warming, revealing significant increases in event-to-event hydrological intensification index with rising temperatures.
Scientists at UC Davis and USDA's ARS developed a new approach to sequence walnut genomes, using long-read DNA sequencing and optical genome mapping. The resulting high-quality genome sequences can help breeders develop disease-resistant varieties.
Scientists have achieved a billion-fold increase in the electrical conductivity of melanin, enabling its potential in safe and sustainable bioelectronics. The breakthrough involves heating synthetic eumelanin to produce High Vacuum Annealed Eumelanin, which shows tunable conductivity and biocompatibility.
Researchers identified over 200 heritage apple cultivars planted in Wyoming's homesteads and orchards from the late 19th century. These historic trees continue to produce fruit despite harsh conditions, suggesting they could be used for breeding programs to improve drought- and cold-tolerance.
Researchers developed a simple nondimensional parameter called 'aneurysm number' to classify the flow mode in both sidewall and bifurcation aneurysms. The parameter can substitute flow factors, potentially reducing the need for cumbersome measurements and simulations.
The Cornell University-led study identifies 1,822 stars with conditions suitable for finding Earth-like planets and life-supporting environments. These stars are within reach of NASA's James Webb Space Telescope for atmospheric analysis and the detection of signs of life.
Tropical Cyclone Veronica weakened due to strong vertical wind shear, causing its center to clear of clouds. The storm rapidly deteriorated and is expected to dissipate by the end of March 26.
Researchers discovered that HIV-1 forms nanotubes between macrophages in tuberculosis patients, increasing viral transfer and production. This finding provides potential targets for reducing viral load and improving treatment outcomes.
A newly discovered mechanism in plant nutrition could help achieve higher harvests in a sustainable way. The study found that the balance between nitrogen and phosphorus is crucial for crop yield, with nitrogen controlling phosphate absorption.
A new study by MIT researchers puts a dollar value on free digital goods people use, including Facebook ($40-$50/month), YouTube ($1,173/year), and digital maps (59 euros/$67/month). The surveys drew 65,000 responses and found significant consumer surplus beyond prices paid.
Researchers identified a critical protein for tumor cell survival and found that targeting it could be a novel treatment strategy for MSI-H tumors. The study suggests that pharmacological inhibition of WRN function might serve as a targeted therapeutic approach.
Researchers at GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel have directly detected oceanic nitrification process by measuring hydroxylamine, a short-lived compound. The new method allows for quick and simple analysis of nitrous oxide formation in the ocean.
Researchers developed a computational model that explores how the auditory system achieves accurate speech recognition by identifying distinct categories of sounds. The model found that the brain looks for informative features, such as those characteristic of a face, to distinguish between different vocalizations.
Researchers have developed a new method to study gene expression and its relationship with cell behavior, including regeneration. The method, called single-cell-digital gene expression (1cell-DGE), allows for the analysis of RNA from individual living cells in intact tissue without compromising positional information.
Researchers at Oxford University have developed a method to produce eggs from ovarian tissue in labs, providing new hope for the critically endangered Northern White Rhino. The technique could enable conservationists to pull species back from extinction by utilizing ovarian tissue from old or injured animals.
A meta-analysis from Penn Nursing's Center for Health Outcomes & Policy Research has linked better nurse work environments to lower odds of negative outcomes, including patient mortality. The study analyzed data from over 2,600 hospitals and found a strong association between the nurse work environment and patient and clinician well-be...
A team from Massachusetts General Hospital has developed a new method to encapsulate human stem-cell-derived beta cells, which restored glucose metabolism in diabetic mice and protected the cells from immune system attack. The use of an immune-repellent protein, CXCL12, significantly prolonged the survival and function of the cells.
Tomasz Skwarnicki and his team have analyzed data from the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment at CERN, discovering three never-before-seen pentaquarks. The findings suggest that pentaquarks are built in a similar way to protons and neutrons, potentially affecting models of matter in other parts of the universe.
The EDC-MixRisk project reveals that current regulations underestimate health risks associated with combined exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals, affecting fetal development and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The study highlights the need for a novel approach to mixture risk assessment and emphasizes the importance of considering...
Pediatric health researchers offer new insights for RSV vaccine development, highlighting the importance of type 1 interferons in infants' immune response. The study suggests strategies to enhance type 1 interferon responses and improve existing vaccines, offering hope for prevention of severe RSV disease in infants.
Researchers found that host cells use autophagy to target specific bacterial proteins for recycling, which could be used by bacteria to escape clearance. Enhancing autophagy through activators may help fight bacterial infections and develop new therapies.
A USC Dornsife-led study has provided the first global network model of the inner workings of the hypothalamus, a critical part of the brain that controls fundamental behaviors and physiology. The study reveals novel associations with several diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases and behavioral disorders.
A study by LMU biologists reveals that the distinct division between Europe's carrion crows and hooded crows is largely driven by plumage color. The two forms have remained distinct despite fertile hybrid offspring, suggesting a selective advantage for mate choice based on feather color.
Researchers at Swansea University and the University of Hamburg have discovered metal nanoclusters that can be used as semiconductors, displaying unique properties such as field effect and photoconductivity. The findings hold promise for a wide range of potential applications in electronics, wearable technology, and gas sensing.
Tropical Cyclone Joaninha is affecting Mauritius, with NASA tracking its movement through the Southern Indian Ocean. The storm is causing strong southerly winds and heavy swells, prompting warnings from the Mauritius Meteorological Services.
Researchers developed BridgIT, a tool that annotates proteins for 93% of enzymatic reactions, filling gaps in metabolic networks. The tool correctly predicts enzymes for 211 out of 234 non-orphan reactions and 334 out of 379 hypothetical reactions.
A new study reveals that one-third of pollinator species have declined in distribution across Great Britain, while others remain stable or show inconclusive trends. However, an unexpected positive finding is the increase in key bee species responsible for pollinating flowering crops.
A new study reveals that children who have trouble processing their trauma and perceive their symptoms as a sign of something seriously wrong are more likely to develop PTSD. The research found that deliberate attempts to process the trauma can actually worsen PTSD in children.
A new series of tangram games has been developed to train and assess children's reading, writing, and word identification skills at an early age. The games, led by Dr Simpson Wong, aim to identify children with early visual processing difficulties and provide suitable support.
A new mapping technique using satellite imagery helps track huckleberry distribution across Glacier National Park, enabling biologists to predict where grizzly bears will be found. This tool also aids in conserving the plant, which is crucial for the bears' survival and informs strategies to minimize human-bear conflicts.
A new 'pulsing' ultrasound technique has been developed to improve drug delivery to the brains of mice, opening up new possibilities for treating neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's. By using shorter-wave pulses, researchers were able to deliver drugs effectively without causing tissue damage or side effects.
The study reveals that the rapidity with which neurons fire off affects information processing in the brain. Neurons in the hippocampus use spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) to learn and form memories, with precise timing determining the strength of connections between neurons.
A study published in Heliyon found that trained musicians exhibit greater executive control of attention than non-musicians, with improved performance linked to increased years of training. This suggests that musical training can enhance cognitive abilities beyond music-specific skills.
A large multicenter trial found that standard intermittent positive pressure ventilation did not reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death at 36 weeks postmenstrual age for extremely preterm infants. In contrast, sustained inflations did not appear beneficial in reducing BPD risk and mortality in this vulnerable popu...
A study found that men in Cote d'Ivoire are hesitant to seek HIV testing and treatment due to concerns about privacy and stigma. Men reported being deterred by the risk of disclosure, stigmatization, and inadequate healthcare services, despite some positive experiences with providers.
The study found that India's cesarean delivery rate has increased significantly since 2005-06, reaching 17.2% in 2010-16. However, significant regional and socio-economic disparities exist, with poorer regions having lower rates and richer areas experiencing high rates above 50%.
The NIU FoodMASTER program uses food as a tool to teach mathematics and science, leading to increased student engagement and academic performance. The $930,000 NIH grant will expand the initiative to K-12 teachers and educators nationwide.
A new automated drug delivery system can detect impending low blood sugar and deliver glucagon to prevent severe hypoglycemia in patients with post-bariatric hypoglycemia. The study found the system was effective in improving blood glucose levels after meals and reducing severe hypoglycemia.
A study of 34,776 Finnish vocational school students found that having a close friend or being involved in bullying behavior increased the likelihood of smoking. Adolescents with moderate or poor self-rated health were also more likely to smoke daily.
A research group led by Professor PAN Jianwei and LU Chaoyang successfully designed the largest planar code platform at present using photons, demonstrating path-independent property in optical systems. This work provides a platform for simulating braiding operations with linear optics, enabling further exploration of anyonic statistics.
Researchers from University of Surrey investigated public attitudes towards new Faster Diagnosis Standard (FDS) for Cancer, finding participants valued reassurance and support from GPs as highly as speedy referrals. GPs will need clear guidance to support patients under the new standard.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University discovered that cancer cells use leader-follower behavior to establish new tumor sites, expending more energy in the process. This finding has significant implications for fighting cancer, particularly in understanding mechanisms of metastasis and developing new therapies.
Patients with closer social networks are more likely to delay seeking hospital care after a stroke, while those with more dispersed networks arrive faster. Researchers suggest targeted education and action plans can improve stroke preparedness and outcomes.
A prospective study found that pregnant women working two or more night shifts in one week had a 32% higher risk of miscarriage the following week. The association between night work and miscarriage was strongest after week eight of pregnancy.
A Washington State University researcher finds that attractive businesswomen are perceived as less truthful and more deserving of termination than less attractive women. The study suggests that this phenomenon taps into primal feelings of sexual insecurity and jealousy, affecting both men and women.
Astronomers have uncovered one of the oldest star clusters in the Milky Way Galaxy using high-resolution adaptive optics imaging from the Gemini Observatory. The study reveals that the cluster is approximately 12.8 billion years old and provides new insights into galaxy formation.
A recent study suggests that trees are essential for mitigating the urban heat island effect, with 40% canopy cover required to trigger significant cooling effects. The research found that even small increases in tree density can lead to substantial reductions in temperatures, making tree planting a key strategy for city planners.
Researchers have created a soft computer using only rubber and air, emulating the thought process of an electronic computer. The soft computer mimics digital logic gates and achieves complex operations with pneumatic signals, enabling faster and more energy-efficient robots.