A new study reveals that a small number of intense storms around Antarctica control up to 60% of annual snowfall in some places. These extreme events are responsible for the marked differences in snowfall from year to year, with one event accounting for 44% of annual snowfall.
A new study from Australia found that older men with higher levels of sex hormones, particularly estradiol, have lower biological age. This association remained true even after adjusting for age, lifestyle factors, and medical conditions.
Researchers have developed a new analytical tool that uses deep learning to analyze RNA splicing patterns from modestly covered RNA sequencing data sets. This tool, DARTS, enables scientists to discover disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets more efficiently.
A landmark study reveals the Arctic Tern's remarkable migration route, including an 8,000km non-stop flight over the Indian Ocean. The birds' stop-off points are also revealed, highlighting key locations in the UK and beyond.
Tropical Cyclone Joaninha generated heavy rainfall in the Southern Indian Ocean, with rates exceeding 0.75 inches per hour around its center. The Global Precipitation Measurement mission data used by NASA's IMERG provided a comprehensive analysis of the cyclone's precipitation patterns.
A new study reveals that fossilized barnacles can serve as a proxy for the migrations of whales in the distant past. Oxygen isotope ratios in barnacle shells change with ocean conditions, allowing scientists to chart the migration routes of whales.
Research presented at ENDO 2019 found that walking downhill after eating reduces bone resorption in postmenopausal women with diabetes. The study suggests combining exercise after meals with downhill walking may help reduce the need for osteoporosis medication.
A national-scale study found that high tree diversity in the US is associated with a greater number of nonnative pests, but this relationship depends on the pest's specialization. The study used two large datasets and found a hump-shaped curve between tree diversity and pest diversity.
Researchers discovered a novel molecular pathway for PAI-1 inhibition that reversed diet-induced obesity and its related health problems in mice. The investigational drug TM5614 showed significantly improved fasting levels of blood sugar, insulin, and LDL cholesterol, as well as a reduction in fatty liver disease.
The study shows that Wt1 gene deletion causes deterioration of the pancreas and activates stellate cells, which play a key role in pancreatic cancer progression. The results suggest Wt1 gene is necessary for normal pancreas maintenance and repair after damage.
Researchers predict wheat weed growth to reduce herbicide usage, allowing for targeted treatment and environmental gains. By analyzing satellite images and spatial data, the study identifies optimal locations for herbicide application, reducing waste and costs.
A recent study published in the Journal of Aging and Health found a significant association between having five or more children and an increased risk of heart disease in adults. The research, led by Sara Hipp at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, analyzed data from nearly 25,000 participants aged 50 and older.
Motee's work recognizes a fundamental contribution to spatially distributed systems theory, showing that quadratically optimal state feedback controllers are sparse and spatially localized. His research aims to implement estimation and control design problems in a localized and distributed fashion for applications such as unmanned auto...
A recent study by the University of Kansas researcher Margaret Kelley found that first-year engineering students who hold progressive attitudes, including those about gender equity, are more likely to drink less. The researchers argue that this behavior becomes in conjunction with their more progressive attitudes on women in the profes...
A mouse study suggests that time-restricted eating can delay the development of tumors and reduce tumor growth in obese mice with high-fat diets. The results imply that this intervention could be effective in preventing breast cancer.
Researchers develop a method for predicting protein functions using amino acid sequences, eliminating the need for structural data. This breakthrough enables better protein engineering and design, with potential applications in drug development and biological research.
Researchers say gene interactions are key to understanding disease risk and treatment response, but current methods lack statistical power to uncover multiple genes. Genome-wide association studies have identified thousands of mutations that contribute to disease, but environmental effects and genetic diversity complicate matters.
Removing senescent cells, also known as 'zombie cells,' from fat tissue in obese mice improves glucose levels and insulin sensitivity. The study also shows a decline in inflammatory factors and restored normal fat cell function.
Researchers at EPFL's LBNC have developed a quantitative, replicable method for studying gene expression using a cell-free system in combination with high-throughput microfluidic devices. This approach allows them to build synthetic biological logic gates that can be used to modify cellular functions and introduce new therapeutic purpo...
A new crop-climate coupled model simulates crop development and production, offering improved accuracy in climate predictions. The model successfully captures crop phenology and corrects biases in the original climate model, making it a valuable tool for global change studies.
Fanny Ye aims to design methods and algorithms for automating the analysis of online underground markets. She will also develop a novel framework for cross-market user identification and profiling to gain insights into cybercriminal social networks and secure cyberspace.
In a breakthrough study, scientists have observed ions moving faster than atoms in the gas streams of solar prominences, challenging our understanding of plasma behavior. This phenomenon occurs when ions and neutral atoms flow independently in partially ionized plasmas without impact equilibrium.
Scientists have created a hydrogel matrix whose stiffness can be reversibly tuned using light, enabling the investigation of how cells respond to dynamic changes in their environment. The matrix has potential applications in cancer immunotherapy and understanding cell migration patterns.
A national study reveals that young and middle-aged adults with hearing loss are twice as likely to misused prescription opioids and other substances compared to their hearing peers. Health care providers may need to take special care when treating pain and mental health conditions in deaf and hard-of-hearing patients.
After Colorado's marijuana legalization, a three-fold increase was seen in cannabis-related emergency department visits. Edible exposure led to about 33 times more ED visits than expected. Psychiatric ED visits were also more common following edible consumption.
This observational study reports on outcomes for smallest infants born under 400 grams, highlighting the importance of timely intervention in improving survival rates. Overall, the study found that these tiny infants can survive and even thrive when receiving necessary medical support.
The I-ACQUIRE trial evaluates an intensive pediatric therapy to increase upper extremity skills, gross motor development, and cognition in infants with strokes under four weeks old. The study aims to transform clinical rehabilitation for thousands of newly diagnosed infant stroke victims annually.
A study in Madison, Wisconsin found that urban air temperatures decrease with increasing canopy cover during the day but exhibit limited cooling at night. The results suggest that effective heat mitigation strategies involve both increasing canopy cover and decreasing impervious surface cover.
Recent advances in plant seed microbiomes have revealed distinct compositions and beneficial bacteria within seed endophytes. This study provides a basis for developing sustainable alternative inputs in agriculture, such as fertilizers and pesticides.
Research suggests that parasitic worms cause majority of cancers in poor countries due to chronic inflammation and toxic egg excretions. However, some species of helminths, like the 'hyper tapeworm', inhibit cancer growth and may even enhance host's immune response to tumors.
A broad-scale study found a significant relationship between tree diversity and nonnative pest invasions. High tree diversity reduces pest invasions by creating ecological niches that make it harder for pests to find resources, while low diversity increases the risk of invasion. The study's results have important implications for fores...
Researchers found that a faster response to negative celebrity endorser publicity increases firm value by 2.10% over four trading weeks. Companies can benefit from suspending or maintaining the celebrity endorser, depending on the situation.
A 64-year-old woman developed acute liver injury after taking red yeast rice supplement for six weeks. The supplement contains monacolin K, a chemical found in lovastatin, which carries the same risk of liver damage as statin medication. Doctors warn that more regulation is needed to prevent harmful side effects.
Research suggests that people with attachment issues engage more with stories, such as movies and TV shows, to deal with relationship insecurities. They find a 'safe space' to understand their problems or imagine a functional relationship without real-life complications. This vicarious living can help them expand their social experiences.
A study presented at the Society of Interventional Radiology Annual Scientific Meeting found that training interventional radiologists to perform endovascular thrombectomies improves access to life-saving stroke care. The model expands access to quality, evidence-based care and reduces lifelong disability associated with stroke.
Researchers at the Centenary Institute discovered that the tuberculosis bacterium hijacks platelets from the body's blood clotting system to weaken immune systems. Using anti-platelet drugs like aspirin, they were able to prevent hijacking and allow the body to control infection better.
A new review of 12 spaceflight experiments and simulated microgravity studies found that microgravity does not hinder stem cell-dependent tissue regeneration, but rather accelerates it. This valuable in vivo data has implications for human tissue repair and regeneration during spaceflight.
Researchers used advanced PET/MRI technology to analyze inflammatory processes in arteries of individuals with atherosclerotic plaques. The study found that inflammation is present at early stages of atherosclerosis, particularly in regions without developed plaques.
A new study on young hellbenders' habitats found that selecting a 'just right' rock is essential to avoid cannibalism. The research suggests that larvae tend to live under small rocks, while adults prefer larger boulders with specific gravel flooring characteristics.
Researchers found that mda-7/IL-24 reduces the expression of an enzyme called DICER, which processes microRNAs for specific cellular functions. This effect occurs only in cancer cells and provides potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Bacteria can create a wide range of derivatives from simple basic structures through mechanisms similar to pharmaceutical research. This diversification allows them to counteract unknown competitors and exhibit a wide range of biological activity.
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology constructed simple artificial cells that can produce chemical energy to synthesize cell components. This breakthrough may shed light on how primordial cells used sunlight as an energy source early in life's history.
Researchers have identified the lin-41 mRNA as a crucial target of the let-7 microRNA, driving the transition to adulthood and sexual organ formation in C. elegans. This finding may provide insights into human puberty disorders linked to genetic variations affecting let-7 activity.
Researchers measured brain activity patterns that suggest new information is organized in a map-like format in the hippocampus. This organizational structure likely enables flexibility in applying knowledge, which could help explain human intelligence and inform teaching methods for efficient learning.
A new study reveals how clouds are modifying the warming caused by human-caused climate change in northern Scandinavia. Cloud cover has reduced the impact of natural phases of warmth and is doing so again to moderate the warming.
A study found that estradiol hormone therapy helps strengthen brain connections in transgender women, particularly in the thalamus area. This can lead to improved symptoms like hot flashes and sensory perception.
Researchers from Bilkent University develop a technique to eliminate cross-talk in 3D holographic projection, enabling the creation of realistic and dynamic holograms. The method uses wavefront engineering and orthogonality properties to achieve high-quality projections with increasing hologram resolution.
Professor Sandra Myrna Díaz, a renowned expert in biodiversity and ecosystem ecology, has been awarded the 2019 Gunnerus Award in Sustainability Science. Her groundbreaking research emphasizes the importance of understanding biodiversity's role in shaping ecosystems and human development.
Researchers at the University of Arizona are working on a new treatment method to remove per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from groundwater, which poses serious health risks. The project aims to develop more effective and customizable sorbents to attract PFAS, improving water safety for communities worldwide.
The study found that the widely used antimalarial sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is no longer effective in preventing malaria in areas with high levels of resistance. In areas where more than 37% of parasites carry six mutations, the effectiveness of SP appears to be fully compromised. The researchers are calling for further investiga...
A new study finds that Hurricane Maria's damage to trees in Puerto Rico was unprecedented, with big, old trees suffering the worst. The study suggests that more frequent storms whipped up by a warming climate could permanently alter forests across the Atlantic tropics.
A virtual reality (VR) treatment called ZeroPhobia has been shown to significantly reduce fear of heights symptoms in individuals. By using cognitive behavioral therapy principles in a fully self-guided format, the study found that two to five percent of the population can benefit from this effective and affordable treatment.
Researchers propose anticipatory waivers of consent for pediatric biobanking, allowing for efficient use of samples from minors. The authors also examine the inadequate response to the US Public Health Service's unethical experiments in Guatemala.
A recent publication touted genetic risk scores as a tool for identifying patients at high risk of heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. However, a new study questions the value of these scores, finding they have lower accuracy when considering individual patient factors.
A newly discovered Medusavirus giant virus provides new insights into host-virus co-evolution, with features including DNA coding for five histones and unique capsid surface proteins. The discovery suggests a lateral gene transfer model between host and virus.
A recent study suggests that rapidly phasing out air pollution emissions can prevent approximately 3.6 million avoidable deaths each year, while also increasing rainfall in drought-prone regions and limiting global warming. The researchers found that removing fossil fuel-related and all anthropogenic emissions could achieve the 2°C tar...
Ascribe Bioscience has developed a seed treatment technology using ascarosides, signaling molecules produced by microscopic worms in the soil microbiome. The technology enhances plant resistance to pathogens at extremely low concentrations.
A new study reveals that the Earth's lower mantle is more dynamic than previously thought, with increased flow in regions where ancient ocean floors plunge into the planet's core. This discovery has significant implications for understanding how quickly Earth is cooling and the dynamic evolution of our planet.
A recent study found that cannabis use among Canadian youth increased steadily after discussions on legalization and medical marijuana, with female and Indigenous students leading the rise. Rates of lifetime and past-year use were highest among male and Indigenous students, while Asian students had lower rates.
A new thixogel called CNF hydrogel has been developed by SUTD researchers, offering improved cell encapsulation and delivery. The hydrogel combines the benefits of both solid and liquid forms, providing a protective environment for cells while conforming to host tissue geometry.