A new compound, C10, was discovered to increase the effectiveness of frontline antibiotic isoniazid against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a deadly disease. The study suggests that antibiotic resistance in Mtb may be reversible.
A new study by Duke University scientists reveals that tropical and subtropical fish are taking up residence on shipwrecks and other sunken structures off the North Carolina coast. The artificial reefs created by these structures serve as stepping stones for fish moving northward in search of suitable habitat.
Scientists at Berkeley Lab created a next-generation plastic that can be recycled endlessly without losing its properties. The new material, poly(diketoenamine), can be disassembled and reassembled from its constituent parts, allowing for the recovery of original monomers.
Researchers found that paired jackdaws use less energy in flight, but the existence of pairs inhibits the way information passes between birds, reducing the flock's ability to react to disturbances. This challenges current models of collective behavior in nature.
Researchers at Ruhr-Universität Bochum have discovered a new class of high entropy alloys suitable for electrocatalytic applications. These materials show potential in reducing energy losses and improving activity comparable to platinum catalysts in oxygen reduction reactions.
High rates of Indigenous incarceration in Canada lead to significant health consequences, including more years of life lost than premature death from common health conditions. The issue is exacerbated by post-release risks, including overdose and suicide, highlighting the need for government action to address systemic racism.
A team at KAUST developed a stretchy sensor that can detect temperature and humidity, enabling the creation of smart pill bottles with tamper alerts and safe storage conditions. The technology has potential applications in improving traditional approaches to healthcare issues, making sensors more accessible to low-income populations.
A new study from The Westmead Institute for Medical Research has found that Cryptococcus neoformans remodels lipids to release phosphate when phosphate is scarce. This strategy allows the fungus to conserve phosphate and survive in humans, a key finding with potential implications for treatment.
A study of 429 men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer found correlations between specific genetic alterations and clinical outcomes. The loss of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene was significantly correlated with poor survival in patients treated with androgen receptor signaling inhibitors.
A new study finds that hunting and defaunation can have cascading effects on forest structure and dynamics. Loss of wildlife affects the survival of tree species, potentially impacting tropical forests' carbon storage capacity.
A recent survey reveals that nearly half of the public incorrectly believes heart failure is a normal part of aging, highlighting low awareness among both patients and the general public. Exercise has been found to be beneficial for patients with heart failure, with over half recognizing its potential as a treatment option.
A new study finds that brand-name prescription drugs in the US are 3.2-4.1 times higher than in the UK, Japan, and Canada. Adopting external reference pricing could reduce Medicare spending by up to 70% and improve affordability for beneficiaries.
Researchers found that activin B and ALK7 expressed by cancer cells form a barrier that prevents tumor formation and metastasis. The 'barrier' triggers apoptosis in cancer cells, but can be evaded by downregulating activin B or ALK7.
Researchers used ecological and evolutionary attributes to model extinction risk for data-deficient amphibians, finding over 1,000 species threatened with extinction. Half of these species are likely Endangered or Critically Endangered, primarily in the Neotropics and Southeast Asia.
Researchers developed a drug candidate that can reverse mucosal barrier damage caused by HIV. The recombinant molecule rfhSP-D prevented HIV transmission and restored vaginal tissue integrity. This finding presents a promising approach to creating a safe and effective topical anti-HIV microbicide.
Researchers use optical coherence tomography to analyze tissue samples and identify differences between malignant and healthy cells, simplifying tumor removal operations. The technology offers higher resolution than ultrasound or MRI, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and improved patient outcomes.
A machine learning algorithm can detect signs of anxiety and depression in young children's speech, potentially providing a fast and easy way to diagnose conditions that are difficult to spot. The algorithm is highly successful at diagnosing children with an internalizing disorder with 80% accuracy.
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh are developing a novel repair device for pelvic organ prolapse (POP) designed specifically for the vagina. The device aims to improve treatment outcomes while minimizing complications, addressing issues that negatively impact women's quality of life.
Researchers at KAUST found that eddy-induced transport is more active in the central and northern Red Sea, influencing surface heat flux and salt dispersion. This mechanism balances fluctuations in both heat and salt, highlighting its role in the Red Sea's circulation.
A new research study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that a community volunteer program can reduce healthcare usage among older adults and shift care from hospitals to primary care. The Health TAPESTRY program combines volunteers with electronic software to support optimal aging, leading to increased physica...
A multidisciplinary study reveals that most ornithopod dinosaurs were young individuals with similar internal structures to unfossilized bones, while ankylosaurs showed various traces associated with specific groups. The research also found evidence of rapid burial, microbial activity, and a wetland ecosystem supporting a diverse fauna.
A clinical trial found that all four tested sunscreen active ingredients (avobenzone, oxybenzone, octocrylene, and ecamsule) were detected in blood samples at levels exceeding the FDA's recommended toxicology threshold. The study's limitations include lack of exposure to heat, sunlight, or humidity, which may impact absorption rates.
A new study uncovers the presence of 'hidden' microglia in the brain, which show a resemblance to microglia associated with Alzheimer's disease. The researchers hope to find strategies for controlling these immune cells to develop future treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.
UK rapeseed growers are facing significant losses due to temperature fluctuations during late November to December. The study found that even small changes in temperature during this period can lead to yield losses of up to £160 million, or 25% of the total value.
An international team of anthropologists discovered a ancient ritual bundle in southwestern Bolivia containing multiple psychoactive substances, including cocaine, DMT, and ayahuasca. The researchers believe the shaman who owned this pouch consumed multiple plants simultaneously to produce different effects or extend their hallucinations.
Jonathan S. Lewin, a renowned expert in interventional and intraoperative MR imaging, has received the 2019 ARRS Gold Medal for his distinguished contributions to radiology. With over 200 peer-reviewed scientific manuscripts published, he is a pioneer in advancing knowledge and skills in radiology.
A study found that clinicians over-order imaging for breast pain, despite a weak correlation with breast cancer. Most respondents (72%) believe there is no strong link between breast pain and breast cancer.
A study published in the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science found that using mobile phones for purposes unrelated to shopping can increase the likelihood of making unplanned purchases. Researchers observed that even brief periods of phone use can consume attentional resources, leading to forgetfulness and impulse buying.
Christine Menias, MD, is recognized for her dedication to radiology education, with a notable track record of instructional courses and awards. She has been named the 2019 ARRS Distinguished Educator for her inspirational teaching and commitment to improving competence and patient outcomes.
A survey of fourth-year radiology residents who took the 2018 ABR Core Exam found that those who passed perceived higher value in preparation resources. Residents who passed also had more study time off and higher USMLE step 1 scores compared to those who failed.
The upgraded picture archiving and communication system (PACS) significantly reduces the time radiologists spend searching for prior studies, with average search times decreasing from 6.1 to 4.6 seconds. The new system also reduces total study reading time, with a decrease of 137 to 113 seconds per study.
A new study demonstrates the safety of a potential treatment for ischemia-reperfusion injury in human lung transplant patients, showing no dose-limiting toxicities or 30-day mortality. The treatment, Regadenoson, has the potential to improve survival rates and quality of life for lung transplant recipients.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine and partners found that a simple performance evaluation letter can reduce unnecessary tissue removal in Mohs micrographic surgery for skin cancer. The intervention led to an improvement in surgical behavior, sustained for one year, with 83% of notified physicians reducing their practice.
Zero TE (ZTE) skull MRI demonstrates comparable diagnostic image quality to computerized tomography (CT) for evaluating skull lesions in head trauma patients. Skull structures matched well with images obtained using CT scan, suggesting ZTE as a clinical alternative for certain cases.
New research shows that climate change has increased the risk of Black Sigatoka disease in banana crops by over 44% since the 1960s. The fungus spreads via aerial spores and can reduce fruit production by up to 80%.
A study found high negative predictive values for mammography architectural distortion without ultrasound or MRI correlate, suggesting safe follow-up rather than biopsy. The results indicate that this approach can reduce the need for intervention and lower healthcare costs.
Researchers have successfully used circulating tumor DNA to monitor patient responses and find targeted treatments for ovarian cancer. The technique can detect genomic alterations in late-stage cancers, even when biopsies are difficult or impossible, and identify poor-responding patients after chemotherapy.
A study presented at EuroHeartCare 2019 found that fitter heart failure patients have healthier brain function and are less likely to have cognitive impairment. Exercise has been shown to improve cognition in older adults and may also benefit heart failure patients.
A multi-site international trial has shown promise in reducing the incidence of thoracotomy conversion for VATS/robotic anatomical lung resection. The use of an ultrasonic vessel-sealing device resulted in fewer bleeding complications and a faster recovery time, with no postoperative bleeding from divided PA branches.
Researchers suggest new smartphone apps and social media can help traditional weavers in Malaysia connect directly with customers, reducing exploitation. Digital technology can increase visibility and access to less exploitative transactions, improving weavers' livelihoods.
A new surgical technique using ultrasonic energy to seal pulmonary artery branches has been shown to reduce post-operative bleeding, complications, and pain in patients with lung cancer. The study's results have the potential to make this less invasive procedure more widely available, leading to faster recovery times for thousands of C...
A new study highlights the growing need for cardio-oncology services to monitor and prevent heart disease in cancer patients. The research found that many cancer survivors are not fully aware of the risks of cardiotoxicity and lack understanding of a balanced diet, making them more susceptible to heart failure.
Shambhala helps process and compare RNA-Seq data from different equipment, allowing for better study of gene expression and its relation to diseases. The tool facilitates harmonization of large datasets, enabling comparisons across various samples and biological organs.
A UC Riverside study challenges long-held assumptions about gossip, finding that younger people gossip more negatively than older adults, while extraverts gossip far more frequently than introverts. The study also reveals that women gossip more in neutral conversations with friends, contradicting popular 'best habits of the rich' books.
Researchers from UMH-CSIC Institute of Neuroscience found that the brain's somatosensory cortex is formed and functional before birth due to spontaneous electrical activity of the embryonic thalamus. This discovery suggests a critical role for thalamic waves in organizing the cortical map and shaping sensory processing.
Regenstrief researchers present findings on deprescribing medications in older adults, preventing hospitalizations through OPTIMISTIC project lessons learned. Advance care planning initiatives aim to improve nursing home care for dementia patients.
Researchers have developed a new instrument to create nanodroplets capable of delivering biological samples free from contaminants. This breakthrough allows for the first-time imaging of smaller proteins and structures, advancing the quest to understand dynamic biomolecules.
A joint study between University of Utah Health and Intermountain Healthcare found that inducing labor one week early costs the same as waiting for spontaneous labor. The study analyzed data from over 6,000 low-risk mothers and found that increased costs from longer hospital stays are offset by cost savings from avoiding additional tes...
Scientists at Ruhr-University Bochum created a new approach to observe nanoparticles before, during and after electrochemical reactions. The method allowed them to monitor the structure and composition changes of individual particles throughout their entire lifecycle.
Researchers have identified four hallmarks of cancer metastasis: motility, modulation of the microenvironment, plasticity, and ability to colonize. This understanding could lead to the development of new therapeutic interventions for this complex process, which is responsible for up to 90% of cancer deaths.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study found that eculizumab significantly reduced the risk of relapse in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Nearly 98% of patients treated with eculizumab had not relapsed after 48 weeks, compared to 63% for those on the placebo.
The team's artificial synapse is similar to a battery, emulating how learning is wired in the brain, and processes data in one action. The prototype array outperformed expectations with high speed, energy efficiency, reproducibility and durability, paving the way for small devices to support artificially intelligent learning.
Research by Caroline Ng'weno and colleagues suggests that strategic placement of cattle corrals can create glades that attract zebras, reducing encounters between lions and hartebeest. This approach could lead to an increase in hartebeest populations, while lions focus on their primary prey.
A large study of 131,739 never-smokers found that passive smoking is associated with a higher risk of high blood pressure. The study suggests that avoiding secondhand smoke completely is necessary to protect against hypertension. Researchers recommend stricter smoking bans and help for smokers to quit.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have developed a new method for detecting RNA fragments in blood plasma that were invisible to traditional methods. This breakthrough has potential applications in cancer detection, autoimmune side-effects monitoring, and understanding human gene activity.
The employment-to-population ratio for people with disabilities increased slightly to 30.9%, but the labor force participation rate decreased, suggesting challenges in full employment. The Disability Equality Index helps companies improve disability inclusion and reap benefits such as higher revenue and profit margins.
Scientists at KIT and UoT have proposed a method to produce synthetic fuels from CO2 and water using compact plants in buildings, reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The 'crowd oil' concept could replace significant fossil fuel usage for mobility, with potential CO2 savings of up to 30% of Germany's kerosene demand.
Researchers at the University of Washington developed a method to synthesize nanodiamonds with intentional doping, enabling useful traits for medical research, computation, and beyond. The team used high-pressure and temperature to dope nanodiamonds with silicon, argon, and other elements.
Researchers at University of Göttingen and Pasadena discovered hydrogen binding to graphene in 10 femtoseconds, forming a transient chemical bond. This reaction creates a bandgap, making graphene a useful semiconductor.
A new analysis of a 16th-century drawing reveals that Leonardo da Vinci's right hand was affected by ulnar palsy, rather than stroke. The study suggests that the artist's hand impairment may have been caused by traumatic nerve damage, leading to incomplete paintings and limited motor function.