Scientists have identified genes associated with a common depression symptom: lack of motivation. This finding could lead to new diagnostic methods and targeted treatments for depression. The study uses mouse models to understand brain changes related to specific symptoms.
Researchers found that impurities swept away in deeper water decrease in size with surface elasticity, while counterflows cancel out fluid movement. In shallow water, the boundary becomes blurred, revealing new processes in well-studied physics experiments.
Researchers at the Francis Crick Institute identified a key mechanism controlling tissue structure, which could help identify drugs that make it harder for cancer cells to spread. The study found that collisions between cells help create different tissue structures, some of which aid cancer progression and can be targeted by drugs.
Researchers discovered that the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-36? plays a crucial role in protecting against the spread of herpes virus to the nervous system. This finding could lead to improved therapeutics for genital herpes, affecting millions of women worldwide.
Scientists developed a simple method for producing nanometer-sized corundum with high porosity at room temperature. The process involves milling a powder in a ball mill for a few hours, resulting in thermodynamically stable nanoparticles. This breakthrough reduces energy and costs associated with traditional production methods.
New research at Iowa State University reveals that Title IX investigators are using untested techniques in interviews, which may hinder investigations. The study suggests the use of science-based interviewing strategies to improve the effectiveness of investigative interviews.
A study published by the American Psychological Association found a significant association between borderline personality traits and increased cardiovascular risk. Researchers recommend screening patients with BPD for cardiovascular risks to address potential health concerns.
A HHU-led research consortium aims to eliminate the deadly disease bacterial blight in rice, a staple crop for over half of the world's population. The team has developed resistant rice varieties and a diagnostic kit to combat the disease, which can devastate smallholder farmers' crops.
Weiqiang Chen, an assistant professor at NYU Tandon School of Engineering, has been awarded a $1.7 million NIH grant to develop personalized approaches to CAR-T cell therapy for cancer treatment. The grant will support the development of microfluidic systems to model disease environments and study cell interactions.
A study from Duke University's Fuqua School of Business found that players perform worse against opponents with rising rankings due to 'status momentum', which affects their mental game. This theory counters the widely debated 'hot hand' concept, suggesting a player's positive momentum can heighten their own performance.
A new study found that women surgical residents are more likely to experience mistreatment, including verbal abuse, sexual harassment, and pregnancy/childcare discrimination, leading to higher burnout rates. The study also revealed that 5.3% of women surgical residents had suicidal thoughts in the last year compared to 3.9% of men.
A cost-effectiveness analysis suggests that individuals with new diagnoses of major depression should have access to both antidepressants and cognitive behavioral therapy, as the costs and benefits are equivalent after five years. This study provides insights into treatment decisions and could inform future care and insurance coverage.
Researchers have synthesized a new type of chiral light that can tell right- and left-handed molecules apart. This innovative light interacts differently with each type of molecule, allowing for precise control over chemical reactions and potential applications in drug development.
Researchers used satellite images, drone photos, and machine learning to identify communities at risk for schistosomiasis. The study found that areas with floating vegetation near water access points are more likely to have high infection rates.
A study found that nearly 98% of people prescribed apixaban, a common anticoagulant, use over-the-counter products, which can cause dangerous internal bleeding. Many patients lack knowledge of these interactions, highlighting the need for education and further research.
Researchers analyzed 12,315 protected areas across 152 countries to assess their impact on reducing anthropogenic pressures. Protected areas in temperate and forested regions have slowed human pressure, with countries with higher socioeconomic development experiencing lower rate increases.
A study found that a subtype of schizophrenia is related to abnormal hydrogen sulfide levels in the brain, which can act as a biomarker. Higher than normal levels of the enzyme Mpst were detected in postmortem brains and hair follicles from people with schizophrenia.
Researchers at the University of Bath have characterized receptors unique to fungi that prevent sexual reproduction, which could be targeted to slow down fungal evolution. By making fungi believe they are starving, these receptors could inhibit sex and increase the shelf life of resistant crops and antifungal compounds.
La Jolla Institute of Immunology and Seqster partner to accelerate discovery of personalized treatments for severe asthma through longitudinal data analysis. The collaboration enables 5000 participants to share medical records, genomic data, and wearable device data with researchers.
A new book reveals how Bangladesh's aquaculture growth defied predictions, improving poverty reduction, employment generation, and food security. The 'Blue Revolution' increased fish consumption and reduced prices, benefiting all income groups.
Researchers at KRICT developed a bio-polycarbonate that surpasses petroleum-based polycarbonate in terms of strength, transparency, and UV-resistance. The material exhibits exceptional performance due to the synergistic interplay between isosorbide and nanocellulose.
The American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement examines the existing data on nonnutritive sweeteners in children, highlighting gaps in evidence and recommending further research. The AAP suggests listing nonnutritive sweetener content on product labels to better understand consumption and potential health effects.
Researchers used drone and satellite imagery to map snail habitats in the Lower Senegal River Basin, finding that non-emergent vegetation was a stronger predictor of human infection than host snail counts. Removing this vegetation may benefit snail control efforts, reducing schistosomiasis transmission risk near human water-contact sites.
Researchers conducted the world's first international study to compare two new drugs for treating ulcerative colitis. The results published in The New England Journal of Medicine show Vedolizumab as 9-12% more effective than Adalimumab in treating moderate to severe forms of the disease.
New research challenges traditional idea about relationship between alcohol use and brain size, suggesting that reduced brain volume may represent a genetically-conferred predispositional risk factor for heavier alcohol consumption. Longitudinal and family data from three independent brain imaging studies confirm this association.
A study by Queen Mary University of London and University of Trento reveals that chicks are born with the knowledge to flee from predators and slow down when a threat is far away. This innate ability allows them to survive in their environment without needing to learn through experience.
Scientists have identified a new subspecies of fin whale in the northern Pacific Ocean using genetic research, highlighting the diversity of marine mammals. The finding reveals that fin whales have been separated for hundreds of thousands of years and can be assigned to their ocean of origin using genetic data.
Researchers developed a compact depth sensor inspired by jumping spiders' impressive depth perception. The metalens sensor combines with an ultra-efficient algorithm to measure depth in a single shot, enabling applications in microrobots, small wearable devices, and virtual/augmented reality headsets.
Scientists at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf have identified a new form of magnetic instability in the Sun's rotating plasma, which may contribute to its magnetic field generation. This discovery could be a significant step forward in understanding sunspots and their cycles.
The Gill-Oxygen Limitation Theory explains why fish migrate poleward in response to warming waters. As water temperature increases, the amount of dissolved oxygen decreases, making it harder for fish to breathe, while also increasing their oxygen demand.
The study analyzed how enzymes work and reconstructed the evolutionary history of metabolic networks, showing they became less random and more organized over time. The researchers created a database called MANET, which revealed that early metabolic pathways were more random and less efficient than present-day ones.
The study reveals that anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) first appeared in a southern African homeland and thrived there for 70,000 years. The researchers used mitochondrial DNA to reconstruct the earliest human population history, suggesting that climate changes triggered early migrations.
A long-term study found significant declines in live, hard corals on Great Barrier Reef island groups, with temperature stress and wave exposure identified as key drivers. The research highlights the importance of addressing water quality and climate change to prevent ecosystem collapse.
Researchers created a 3D-printed cell trap that captures white blood cells and filters out red blood cells, leaving behind tumor cells for diagnosis and research. The device can process large volumes of blood at low cost, making it suitable for clinics and hospitals.
A study from King's College London found that sugary soft drinks are associated with both obesity and tooth wear among adults. The acidic nature of these drinks leads to tooth erosion, particularly in obese patients. This highlights the importance of monitoring calorie intake through acidic sugar-sweetened drinks.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends increased access to metabolic and bariatric surgery for children and adolescents with severe obesity, citing the growing public health crisis. Studies show that surgery is safe and effective, but underutilized due to barriers such as insurance coverage and limited centers.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have designed microscale rockets that use sound waves to propel themselves through cellular landscapes. The tiny vessels are controlled using magnetic fields and can move particles and cells with high precision.
Researchers from Penn-led study suggest that tuberculous infection is rarely life-long and that 90% of infected people will not develop active TB. The study found that immunological memory to the disease can outlast elimination of infection, making it difficult to detect those at risk.
IKBFU researchers have found that alder bark extracts contain high levels of polyphenols and antiradical activity, offering potential benefits for anti-aging and disease prevention. The study also reveals the presence of oregonin, a diarylheptanoid glycoside with anti-inflammatory and antimycotic properties.
Researchers found that younger elementary school-age children are at significantly greater odds than those older than high school to suffer a skull or facial fracture while participating in snow sports. Middle school, high school, and post-high school age groups were more likely to experience intra-abdominal injuries.
A new system can capture carbon dioxide from the air at any concentration level, including 400 parts per million, and release it into a carrier stream. This technology has significant implications for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and could eliminate the need for fossil fuels in applications such as soft-drink bottling plants.
Researchers found DNA from pyrophilous fungi inside the surface-sterilized mosses and lichens from burned and unburned areas. The team also discovered fungal DNA in soils from both within and outside burn zones.
China's annual carbon emissions growth declined significantly from 10% to 0.3% between 2002-2012 and 2012-2017, respectively. The slowdown is attributed to China's focus on high-quality development, improving energy efficiency, and shifting consumption patterns.
Researchers at Michigan State University have developed a new approach to detect and attack cancer cells using light-activated fluorescent dyes. The breakthrough utilizes technology traditionally reserved for solar power, offering promising results in breast, lung, and skin cancer cell lines and mouse models.
A new algorithm developed by a Penn Medicine-led team flags patients who would benefit most from advance care planning conversations, leading to improved timely discussions. The study found that 51% of high-priority flagged patients died within six months compared to less than four percent in lower priority group.
Researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz used a novel nuclear magnetic resonance technique called ZULF to search for dark matter. They found no evidence of ultralight dark matter particles with couplings above a particular threshold, ruling them out as possible candidates.
A UB researcher's study using 26,000 books suggests that the learning environment plays a significant role in shaping language behavior. The researchers analyzed data from 10 different studies involving over 1,000 participants and found that culture-specific books explained much of the variance in the data.
A new study finds that bariatric surgery is a safe option for young adolescents with morbid obesity, with low rates of complications and readmissions. The research analyzed over 3,700 cases and found no deaths in the first 30 days after surgery.
Electrospun fibers are being explored as a novel method for creating effective contraceptives and treating brain tumors. A University of Cincinnati study discovered that coaxial electrospinning can combine different materials to improve drug delivery and effectiveness.
Research found that only 48% of school-age US children get sufficient sleep, leading to improved learning outcomes and childhood flourishing. Children who get enough sleep show increased interest in learning, do required homework, and demonstrate positive behavioral traits.
A study published in Scientific Reports suggests an asteroid or comet hit Earth 12,800 years ago, causing a period of extreme cooling and contributing to the extinctions of over 35 species of megafauna. The impact hypothesis is supported by platinum spikes found at research sites worldwide, including South Carolina, Europe, and Chile.
Researchers have discovered a genetic mutation in monkeys that causes Bardet-Biedl Syndrome, a devastating eye disorder. The discovery provides a promising animal model for developing gene and cell therapies to treat the condition in humans.
New research reveals that daylight hours are the key factor in starting Africa's iconic 'green-up' phenomenon, where plants and trees grow their leaves. The study found shorter daylight hours before the growing season resulted in later vegetation growth.
A nationwide study in Denmark found that people with mental disorders die 10-7 years earlier than the general population. The study, published in The Lancet, explores mortality rates for different types of mental disorders, including depression and anxiety.
The American Dental Association recommends against prescribing antibiotics for healthy adults with toothaches, citing evidence that they do not alleviate symptoms and can cause harm. In cases where dental treatment is delayed or signs of infection are present, antibiotics may be considered, but only in specific scenarios.
Researchers discovered evidence of controlled fire in Lusakert Cave 1, contradicting the long-held notion that Homo sapiens were the first to master fire. The team used archaeological, hydrocarbon, and isotope analysis to determine the age of fire control among early humans.
Researchers found that working memory training relies on task-specific strategies to improve performance, rather than increasing capacity. Hundreds of commercial programs claim to boost memory, but their effects are limited to similar tasks.
Pediatrician Lenore Jarvis is advocating for clinicians and parents to discuss safe gun storage and ask about unlocked firearms to prevent childhood injuries. Unsecured guns are a leading cause of death among children and youth, and families should feel comfortable making informed decisions.
Researchers have discovered that hydrogen boride nanosheets can store and release significant amounts of hydrogen under ultraviolet light, making them a promising material for hydrogen carriers. The discovery reinforces the view that these nanosheets could go beyond graphene as a multifunctional material.
A new study by Georgia Institute of Technology researchers warns that rollbacks of US energy regulations could lead to increased CO2 emissions, slowed progress in reducing pollutants, and worsening air quality. This could result in higher costs for healthcare and finances due to increased cases of respiratory illness.