The study found that the creation of 503 superblocks would reduce annual air pollution by 24% and prevent 291 premature deaths per year. Additionally, the project would increase life expectancy by almost 200 days on average per inhabitant and generate an annual economic saving of 1.7 billion euros.
Researchers from Trinity College Dublin isolated a family of proteins linked to better control of blood sugar levels in type 2 diabetes patients. These IL-36 cytokines alter the intestinal microbiome, potentially mitigating insulin resistance and glucose build-up.
Researchers developed a single-layer separator using bacterial cellulose nanofiber, achieving 80% capacity retention after 1,000 cycles. The new separator's cycle-life is superior to commercial multilayer separators with a more sustainable manufacturing process.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have developed a new method for creating hindered ethers, which are integral to many drugs and commercial products. The new method uses electrochemistry and has improved production yield and reduced expense compared to traditional methods.
A comprehensive study from Uppsala University found that deep belly fat is a major risk factor for developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease in women. The researchers developed a simpler method to estimate visceral fat content, which may be useful for healthcare.
A team of researchers from Tel Aviv University and Sheba Medical Center identified differences in the metabolism of cancer cells between responders and non-responders to immunotherapy. Higher levels of proteins associated with lipid metabolism were found in responders, leading to better recognition by the immune system.
A recent study updated damage estimates of fine particulate matter in the United States, revealing a nationwide total GED attributable to economic activity decreased by over 20% between 2008 and 2014. The largest GED was found in agriculture, while manufacturing and transportation accounted for 75% of damages.
A blood test has been shown to detect lung cancer earlier, identifying 32% of cases with a high specificity of 90%. This could lead to reduced late-stage presentations and improved survival rates for patients.
Researchers at UNIGE identified key genes regulating retinal cell differentiation and axon guidance, offering insights into the construction of vision and potential treatments for neurodegenerative diseases. The study's findings have significant implications for regenerative medicine and could lead to new therapies for optic nerve damage.
Researchers analyzed core samples from the Chicxulub impact crater, revealing that top layers contained soil biomarkers suggesting a tsunami brought terrestrial material back to the site. The study also found evidence of impact-induced wildfires and a lack of sulfur-rich evaporites, implying a massive release of sulfate aerosols.
Chronic kidney disease affects 37 million Americans, but primary care physicians lack sufficient knowledge and resources to effectively identify and manage patients. A focus group study found that PCPs need more training, resources, and clinical support tools to address the growing epidemic of CKD.
Researchers used satellite data to measure soil moisture and predict fire risk in Asian peatlands. The study found that drier soils up to 30 days before a fire correlated with larger burned areas.
A new study by Dolores Albarracin and Duo Jiang found that people with action-oriented goals are more likely to make purchases under time pressure. The research suggests that movement, whether walking or running, activates action-oriented concepts, promoting behavior change.
Russian researchers have shown an antioxidant compound called peroxiredoxin to be effective in treating kidney injury in mice by tripling survival rates. The compound may also offer prospects for longer kidney transplant storage and improved treatment options for ischemia-reperfusion syndrome.
The four newest 2019 Balzan Prize winners were announced today in Milan for their groundbreaking contributions to film studies, Islamic studies, theory of partial differential equations, and pathophysiology of respiration. The winners will receive a prize of CHF 750,000 each, with half going towards research projects.
Researchers create new way to detect resistant bacteria, enabling clinicians to reserve stronger antibiotics for most patients. The modified antibiotic can be attached to a sensor surface to detect resistance enzymes, paving the way for rapid diagnostic tests.
Infections acquired by patients in Canadian hospitals are declining, with a 30% reduction between 2009 and 2017, reveals new research published in CMAJ. Urinary tract infections were the most common type of infection, followed by pneumonia and surgical site infections.
A stepwise approach to assessing dementia risk in primary care uses a single question on subjective memory loss, followed by cognitive function tests. This method predicts incident dementia over seven years with high accuracy.
Research on dental calculus reveals a monotonous potato-based diet for the poor, supplemented by eggs and wheat when available. The study of 42 people's remains found evidence of corn, oats, and milk foodstuffs, shedding new light on the Great Famine's social disaster.
A new study in Diabetologia reveals that shorter individuals are at a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The research found that for every 10cm increase in height, the risk of type 2 diabetes decreased by 41% in men and 33% in women, adjusted for age and other factors.
Researchers at UCalgary and Stanford University have discovered a long-range circuit in the brain that carries pain signals and is altered during chronic pain states. This understanding may lead to new drug therapies and targeted brain stimulation treatments to address chronic nerve pain.
Researchers developed single-nucleus methyl-3C sequencing (sn-m3C-seq) to analyze chromosome structure and epigenetic features in single human brain cells. This approach enables the simultaneous study of two levels of gene regulation, which may help clarify how genetic variations contribute to human disease.
Tropical Storm Gabrielle's strongest side was identified by NASA's Aqua satellite on September 8, 2019. The MODIS image showed strongest thunderstorms northeast of the center with fragmented bands south and southwest of the center.
High-temperature superconductors exhibit variable charge density due to 'charge density waves' and newly identified 'charge density fluctuations'. The latter are pervasive, present at room temperature, and affect the material's superconducting properties without competition with charge density waves.
A Scottish study shows that combining an autoantibody test with CT imaging can significantly decrease late-stage lung cancer diagnoses and potentially lower lung cancer-specific mortality. The EarlyCDT-Lung Test identifies high-risk individuals, allowing for earlier interventions.
A study found that combining numeric skills with high confidence leads to improved life outcomes, including better financial stability and health. Higher objective numeracy was associated with better outcomes, but only when paired with higher confidence.
A new study at Karolinska Institutet found that lipid turnover in fat tissue decreases with age, making it easier to gain weight despite reduced caloric intake or exercise. The study showed that individuals who maintained higher lipid turnover rates after bariatric surgery were more likely to keep the weight off.
A pilot study under the Lung Cancer Master Protocol (Lung-MAP) found that most cancer patients lack a clear understanding of their genomic test results. The study revealed serious knowledge gaps about the potential uses of gene sequencing results, with only 86% correctly knowing their test results would select their treatment regimen.
Research found that common mouth bacteria responsible for acute periodontitis fared better when paired with bacteria and other microbes from outside the mouth, including those found in the colon or dirt. This suggests that not all relationships within a microbiome are cooperative, and some may have 'high fences' and share sparsely.
A study by UCSF researchers found that HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation, a leading cause of stroke. The risk is comparable to known factors like hypertension and diabetes, affecting up to 1 in 5 HIV-positive patients.
A new study by McMaster University researchers reveals that over 1,125,000 men globally have hemophilia, with 418,000 having severe forms of the disease. The study found a significant life expectancy disadvantage for those with hemophilia, particularly in lower-income countries.
Argonne National Laboratory has received nearly $4.75 million in funding from the DOE to support two new data science projects. These projects will use machine learning approaches to accelerate discovery in chemical separations and quantum materials.
A team of neuroscientists discovered that the brain combines visual features through high-frequency oscillations to achieve a unified percept. The researchers measured nerve cell activity in rhesus monkeys while performing a visual perception task, finding that faster responses occurred with stronger high-frequency oscillations.
A new study reveals that listening to music involves activity in sensory regions, while recalling melodies activates frontal regions. The findings suggest a complex network of brain regions involved in music processing.
Researchers found that high blood pressure accelerates cognitive decline, but treating high blood pressure slows it down. Participants ages 55 and older with high blood pressure showed a more rapid rate of cognitive decline compared to those being treated for high blood pressure.
Scientists have reclassified a 226-million-year-old fossil beetle, Leehermania prorova, as a member of the skiff beetle family, pushing back the age of this group by 100 million years. The discovery was made possible by international collaboration and the analysis of its mandibles, antennal shape, and genitalia.
A recent study published in the New England Journal of Medicine reveals that unmarried patients with cancer are significantly less likely to receive potentially life-saving surgeries or radiotherapies compared to their married counterparts. The disparity persists despite extensive research findings suggesting otherwise.
A study found that patients presenting with non-alarming gastrointestinal symptoms experienced longer wait times for referral, while those with red flag symptoms had shorter wait times. The study highlights the need for earlier reconsideration of initial diagnoses and strict follow-up consultations to reduce wait times.
A study of 80,000-year-old fossilized hominin footprints in Normandy, France provides insights into the social structure of Neandertals. The analysis suggests that most footprints belonged to adolescents and children, indicating a group size and composition.
Researchers at Ruhr-University Bochum have developed a novel molecule that can control its magnetic properties through visible light. The discovery has significant implications for the development of flexible and processable magnetic materials, which could be used in a range of applications including data storage and chemical sensors.
A European lung cancer screening model outperformed a US model in detecting cancers, with 99% of cancers found using the European method compared to 77%. The study found that the model detected more cancers among high-risk patients and had a higher accuracy rate.
A Phase 1 study demonstrated early promising antitumor activity and few adverse side effects in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring KRAS G12C mutation. The therapy, AMG 510, showed encouraging anti-tumor activity with no dose-limiting toxicities or adverse events leading to discontinuation.
The MYSTIC trial found that patients with STK11 or KEAP1 mutations had poorer outcomes to anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapies compared to those without these mutations. ARID1A mutations were associated with improved survival in the durvalumab + tremelimumab arm.
Researchers found that psychiatric medications like antidepressants can alter gut bacteria in rats, sparking questions about specificity of psychoactive drug action and potential benefits or drawbacks for human patients. The study aims to explore these findings further through a large-scale human observational study.
The MYSTIC trial found that patients with STK11 or KEAP1 gene mutations in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer experienced poorer overall survival compared to those without these mutations. Additionally, patients with ARID1A mutations in the durvalumab + tremelimumab arm had longer median overall survival rates.
Researchers have developed all-polymer photodetectors with single carrier transport property, exhibiting high external quantum efficiency and low dark current density. The photomultiplication type PPDs demonstrate improved performance and versatility for applications in biological detection and image sensing.
Research presented at the IASLC 2019 World Conference on Lung Cancer found that combining nivolumab with ipilimumab showed improved efficacy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly those with high TMB or higher tumor PD-L1 expression. The safety profile of this combination therapy was also consistent ...
A recent study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition has found that vitamin E absorption does not require concurrent consumption with fat. After 12 hours without eating, subjects who consumed a fat-containing meal showed significant absorption of vitamin E.
Researchers discovered that providing native foods to captive rodents preserves their gut microbiome diversity, whereas artificial diets lead to significant changes. The study found that feeding woodrats with prickly pear cactus maintained around 90% of their original microbiome diversity.
Researchers studied the relationship between tumor mutational burden and response to immunotherapy with pembrolizumab. The study found that high or low TMB levels did not significantly impact overall survival, progression-free survival, or objective response rates for patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.
The bioMILD trial demonstrated that combining low-dose CT screening with a microRNA blood test reduces lung cancer mortality and incidence in high-risk individuals. The study found that participants with positive LDCT and/or miRNA at baseline had a significantly higher lung cancer incidence and overall mortality.
A new report by The Lancet Commission on malaria eradication suggests that malaria can be eradicated by 2050 with the right tools, strategies, and sufficient funding. The report analyzes existing evidence with new epidemiological and financial analyses to demonstrate the feasibility of eradication.
A large study found that children of anxious mothers are more likely to develop hyperactivity symptoms in adolescence, with a link seen between maternal anxiety and child behavior. Researchers tracked over 3,000 children and found that children from high-anxiety mothers were twice as likely to show signs of hyperactivity
Researchers found no significant correlation between tumor mutational burden and response rates, progression-free survival, or overall survival in patients treated with pembrolizumab plus carboplatin and pemetrexed. High objective response rates were observed in both TMB low and high subgroups.
A study found that Native Hawaiians who participated in a hula dance program significantly lowered their blood pressure compared to those who received standard education. The program, which was tailored to the community's cultural values and perspectives, showed promising results in reducing blood pressure and improving overall health.
Cancer patients who continue smoking after diagnosis have a higher mortality rate and increased risk for second cancer development. The IASLC Declaration recommends screening all cancer patients for tobacco use and advising on tobacco cessation.
A study found that one-third of young children admitted to ICU for sepsis develop PTSD symptoms, with some persisting for years. Children with altered immune responses during ICU stay may be at higher risk.
A new study published at the American Heart Association's Hypertension 2019 Scientific Sessions found that intensive blood pressure-lowering treatment does not induce orthostatic hypotension or its symptoms in adults. The research involved over 2,800 participants and monitored their blood pressure levels and symptoms during 36,342 visits.
Researchers have found that deep transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by targeting specific brain areas. After six weeks of daily treatment, 38% of patients showed a significant reduction in symptom severity, with 45.2% responding after a month.
Researchers discovered GABA neurons play a crucial role in refining circadian output rhythms in mice, ensuring noiseless communication with neurons outside the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This finding could aid the development of new clinical approaches for diseases related to the circadian clock.